Scientific Comprehension Research Articles

The future of humanity

Abstract With the recent advancements in scientific comprehension of genetics and the decipherment of complex techniques for editing human genomes, liberal eugenics—eugenic ideal premised on the liberal values of autonomy and pluralism that leaves reproductive choices to parents rather than anachronistic statist authoritarian interventions—has inevitably become a polarising conundrum in contemporary liberal societies as to its utility and destructiveness. Focusing on one species of liberal eugenics—namely, genome editing interventions—I contend that liberal eugenics could be harmful—harm herein construed as that which undermines the salient liberal values of equality, autonomy, and pluralism—since it is itself antithetical to the bases of the liberal society. This contention is based upon three premises: first, that individuals are rather seldom rational decision-makers such that leaving all reproductive choices to the whims of individual parents would be immensely counterproductive to future offspring’s right to open future; second, that liberal eugenics—much like its authoritarian antecedent—could intersect with myriad identities, including race, class, sex, disability, and sexual orientation in ways that might exacerbate social divisions, marginalise different groups, and engender homogeneity; and third, that it undermines individual autonomy of the future person as a member of the liberal community, particularly if their capacities and abilities are tailored to fit parents’ specific life projects and putatively reasonable conceptions of the good. The underscored potential malaises of liberal eugenics should, I argue, be discursively negotiated between parents and the state via the development of robust general laws that regulate heritable genome editing interventions to ensure that the welfare of the future persons is prioritised and that the liberal commitment to autonomy is immune to antiliberal perversions.

La Iglesia católica como factor de secularización entre los campesinos andinos migrantes en Jaén

Este artículo presenta el involucramiento de los religiosos en la protección del medioambiente en el Vicariato de Jaén, confiado por la Santa Sede a la dirección de la Compañía de Jesús. Los campesinos de la región, que provienen de la sierra, explotan su nuevo hábitat según las tradiciones de sus ancestros formadas en otro entorno. Estos métodos de cultivo se insertan en una cosmovisión encantada del mundo. Los religiosos, para fomentar prácticas respetuosas del medioambiente, luchan contra las creencias nocivas y propician una comprensión racional y científica, por ende, secularizada de la situación. El efecto es, sin embargo, mitigado. Resulta muy complejo extraer un tema de una cosmovisión global. Además, los campesinos, en situación a menudo de precariedad, han asimilado la lógica y las aspiraciones de la sociedad de consumo. No basta entonces con buenas técnicas; se necesita, como lo afirma el papa Francisco, un equilibrio respetuoso entre seres humanos y entre estos y la naturaleza. Estas reflexiones se enmarcan en el debate internacional sobre la buena gestión de la región amazona y su protección.

THE TIPLING RIVER FLOW ANALYSIS TO ASSESS MICRO HYDRO POWER AND DIVERSION BASED IRRIGATION POTENTIAL

Micro hydropower projects and diversion based irrigation projects are dependent on the amount of water flowing in the river of concern. Analyses of historical River Flow information are crucial to understand its pattern, frequency and predictability. Statistical analysis is the basis for a better scientific comprehension of the river flow system. Based on this information designing of such projects as well as making management plans for any future eventualities are possible. In this paper historical discharge information for a period of 19 years is collected and analyzed. Based on the water level and volume of discharge information of the river for the year 1995, various stage discharge rating curves are prepared. The best fitted curve is used for the estimation of the discharge for the remaining years where only the stage information is available. Daily discharge hydrographs for 19 years is prepared along with annual discharge computation for each of the 19 years of observation period. Preparation of flow duration curve helped to understand what is to be expected minimum from the river and what could be the most risky situation for a river project in this river and make necessary allowances for designing such project. Finally seasonal and monthly time series models are prepared so that the future discharge could be scientifically forecasted for predicting the future of such projects.

Prolegómenos ontológicos y gnoseológicos a una discusión sobre el naturalismo filosófico y sus límites

Creo que lo que llamamos, o suele llamarse, conocimiento científico tiene mucho de juego de magia lingüístico, tiene mucho de sobrentendidos solapados. En este ensayo intento identificar, mostrar y hacer visibles algunos de los mecanismos que provocan el ensalmo lingüístico-psicológico por el que se otorga realidad objetiva a dicho conocimiento y, por extensión, a sus derivaciones doctrinales, el naturalismo entre ellas. A continuación, ahondando en las limitaciones de la comprensión científica de la realidad, abordaré el problema de las propias limitaciones del naturalismo, tanto en su versión doctrinal como programática, implicadas de la falsa presunción de objetividad y de verdad del discurso científico.

Mapping the Marine Environment Through a Cross-Cultural Collaboration

There is a growing emphasis on formally recognizing the connection to the marine environment of Indigenous peoples and the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) these strong connections cultivate. The potential for TEK to significantly enrich the scientific comprehension of the marine environment, whilst also celebrating the rich bio-cultural knowledge in its own right, is indisputable. Here, we present a scientifically robust and culturally appropriate participatory mapping methodology for the marine environment which can effectively achieve genuine cross-cultural ecological knowledge transfer between scientists and Indigenous Peoples. Through a case study working with the Anindilyakwa people of the Groote Eylandt Archipelago, we mapped the TEK of benthic habitats off Australia’s poorly surveyed northern coast. Representatives from 14 Anindilyakwa clan groups participated in the marine mapping (n=53), resulting in 22 individual maps. Eleven broad-scale habitat classifications, predominately in the intertidal and nearshore marine environment, were described in both Anindilyakwa and English. The information gathered was then used to develop benthic habitat maps covering a combined area of ~1800km2 and was assessed for accuracy against in-situ observations. We found that despite the difficulties in working across two different world views, through the application of this carefully refined methodology, scientists can effectively document the rich TEK of the marine environment in a manner suitable for conservation and management planning while also supporting the prioritization of Indigenous values within the decision-making process.

QR Code as a Tool of the Marketing Library Activity

The article analyzes the scientific comprehension state of QR-coding technology in the domestic and foreign scientific literature. It has been revealed in which industries the QR-technology is most widely used. Two basic types of QR-codes are explored – dynamic and static, and the differences between them are identified. The possibilities of providing information services using QR-codes are outlined. The types of information and data that can be encoded (text and multimedia) are analyzed. Mobile applications of the new format (“smart” QR-code generators) have been considered to provide additional connectivity between smartphones, QR-codes, and content. The dynamics of the use of QR-codes and their popularity in foreign countries have been revealed.The advantages of QR-coding technology, which are easy to use and financially affordable due to the availability of free online services, are verified. Such advantages of QR-codes as versatility, flexibility, economy, environmental friendliness, tracking and analytics, user involvement are emphasized. It has been found that in order to get effective marketing results using QR-coding technology, certain recommendations are required, such as pre-testing QR-code readings, checking of the expediency of selecting their location, the relevance and importance of encoded content.On the basis of the experience of using QR-codes in library work, the prospect of QR-coding technology as a type of mobile service in library institutions from the point of view of modern marketing means of communication is substantiated. It has been established that today QR-codes in the library can be considered as a component of a mobile service, which makes it possible to increase the level of library service, as an effective way to provide additional information for the reader, to promote the books, authors and the library itself.

Anti-corruption declaring in public service: comparative legal research in the ethical paradigm

Leaning on the analysis of legal sources of Russia, a number of European and Asian countries, South and North America, this article explores the institution of anti-corruption declaring in public service. The goal consists in substantiation of methodological approaches, which would allow, with a certain degree of accuracy in the context of ethical paradigm, comparing the integral Institution of legal regulation of anti-corruption declaring in different countries, as well as utilizing these approaches in comparative legal research based on Russian and foreign materials for determination of substantial differences that require scientific comprehension and practical response. As a result of the conducted research, the author acquired data on several indicators of trust as an service-ethical purpose for disclosure of personal information by public officials, namely by volume of the disclosed personal information, nature of the source of the declared records, openness of declarations and their verifiability. Foreign declaring traces two main approaches: service-ethical and instrumental. In Russia, the Institution of declaring is of clear instrumental nature, which raises a question of the prospects for implementation of service-ethical approach, first and foremost, with regards to release of declarations of the officials. This question should depend on the actual goals of national policy.

Responsibility of scholars for engineering, development and implementation of the technologies for euthanasia: certain aspects

The subject of this research is certain aspects of responsibility of the scholars for engineering, development and implementation of the technologies for euthanasia. The author raises the questions: whom the scholar is responsible to (his conscience, future and currently living generations), for what (scientific components of his development/discovery, their application and consequences), what type of responsibility (moral, legal). The author seeks answers on the basis of studying, scientific comprehension and analysis of the developing and existing mechanism, methods, and means for euthanasia as legally permitted or prohibited in the medical establishments. The ideas underlying the support and implementation of euthanasia are examined. The scientific novelty is substantiated by articulation of the problem: responsibility of a scholar (medical personnel, etc.) with regards to the practice (ban of a number of aspects in the practice) of euthanasia on the example of legislation of the countries, in which it is allowed (was allowed) or unwelcomed. Among the formulated conclusions is the idea that any approach is based on persuasions of a person; there is not special morality, a scholar always remains a human, with all the weaknesses and strength. Namely these persuasions lead the licensed medial practitioners toward creation of technologies, means and methods for alleviation of suffering and acceleration of death.

Social politics and problems of providing of financial safety of man are in the system of national economic security

The article of research is totality of organizationally-economic relations thatarise up in the process of forming of social politics and providing of financialsafety of man in the system of national economic security. the aim of the articleconsists in the analysis of basic problems, contradictions that arise up in the processof realization of complex of events in relation to forming of effective social politicsin the system of strengthening of financial safety of Ukraine. research methodologyconsists in the use of totality of methods : dialectical, analytical, comparative. Themarked methodological approach allowed to analyse theoretical and methodological,and practical aspects forming of social politics, that is represented in works ofhome and foreign scientists and to define their connection and influence on thesystem of financial safety of man in Ukraine. the scientific novelty of the got results consists in complex illumination of the generalized going near determinationof priorities of social politics in the system of strengthening of financial safety ofman in Ukraine. Done scientific conclusions in relation to character, features ofthe state of realization of social politics and ground of necessity and expediencyof further study of her influence on strengthening of financial safety of man inUkraine. conclusions. In the article there are the lighted up questions of necessityof scientific comprehension and practical decision of the problems related to theimprovement of social politics, determinations of their priorities in the system ofstrengthening of financial safety of man in Ukraine. Taking into account thatpresently there is determination of list of national economic interests importantscientific and practical tasks, providing of realization of that straight depends onthe state of safety of different constituents of the financial system of Ukraine, tothe improvement of social politics the center of that are a man and his necessities,it is necessary to spare the special attention.

Peculiarities of perception by former slaves of their social status in the era of slavery (based on the collection of their memoirs in the Library of US Congress)

Slavery has always been condemned across the world; however in the end of the XX century, such canonical concept was rectified based on the extensive examination by American scholars of compilation of narratives of the former slaves collected in 1930s in the United States. At that time, 2,300 former slaves from 17 states were interviewed about their life in the era of slavery. Later, these interviews were placed in open access on the website of the Library of US Congress, reconstructing a contradictory picture of everyday life of African-Americans in the conditions of plantation economy: some reminiscences convey almost a nostalgic feeling of the past, while others criticizes it severely. The author in his attempt explain the historical accuracy of the results of mass interviewing of African-Americans, tries to make sense why 70 years later, the eyewitnesses of the same event have polar viewpoints. Forming the new comparative-historical approaches towards examination of collective consciousness under the influence of anthropologization of historical knowledge, the interview materials allow reconstructing the period, demonstrating the value system of the entire population group, unlike biography that structures the chain of events in chronological order. Analysis of the archive “Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938” has not been previously conducted within the Russian historiography, just briefly mentioned as one of the documentary aspects of the institution of slavery. The contained material is important for scientific comprehension of the bygone era of slavery, reflected in the collective memory of long-suffering African-American sub-ethnos. The problem of slavery in the United States, which synthesizes heritage of the past with practices of everyday life in various manifestations, seems optimal from the perspective of historiographical interest.

The cause-effect relation of latent variables in scientific multi-text reading comprehension: Testing the sequential mediation model

Background: The issue of science is seldom brought into focus because of the way developing assessments of students’ multiple text reading comprehension. Objectives: This study tested the sequential mediation model of scientific multi-text reading comprehension (SMTRC) by means of structural equation modelling (SEM), and aimed to advance the scientific multi-text reading comprehension assessment (SMTRCA), with a focus on discussing the causal relationship of potential variables in SMTRC. Method: Test items included 10 closed-ended and 7 open-ended questions and were categorised into four subscales: information retrieval (IR), information generalisation (IG), information interpretation (IIP), and information integration (IIG). Results: The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that there was an acceptable goodness-of-fit among the SMTRCA, indicating that the construct validity was good. Furthermore, the Cronbach’s α of the test items was 0.88, indicating good internal consistency. In addition, using 1535 students, structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the relations of the latent variables. The findings showed that when readers are performing multi-text reading comprehension, IR will simultaneously have direct influences on IG, IIP and IIG. Moreover, through IG, IR had an indirect impact on IIP; through IIP, IG had an indirect impact on IIG; through the two intermediate mediators of IG and IIP, IR had an indirect impact on IIG. Conclusion: In our data-driven model, multi-text reading comprehension is a hierarchical and complex cognitive process. That is to say, when an individual is engaging in multi-text reading comprehension, they will not just follow a single approach, but will deal with several cognitive processing routes simultaneously. Recommendations are made for future research to explore the cognitive model of scientific multi-text reading comprehension and to determine whether there are differences among multiple groups, as well as standard setting to define the cut-off scores of the criterion-referenced model, to develop an assessment reporting system of scientific multi-text reading comprehension, and strategies for scientific multi-text reading.

«Decentraliziation of History» as a Counter-Discourse of «Decommunization» in Modern Information Space of Ukraine

<p><em>The article examines the main content and modern communication models of discourse / counter-discourse of «decommunization» in the information space of Ukraine. The theoretical basis for the scientific comprehension of the informational content of «decommunization» in today’s mass media discourse is not only the recent practice of its explication in the media, but also the problem of responsibility and compensation of «memory». Political manipulations in the Ukrainian symbolic space do not encourage the process of consolidation in its purification, but contribute to the parallel coexistence of different types of historical consciousness of the population (ethno-national and social).</em></p><p><em>In the modern communication space of Ukraine, in connection with the change of the political elite and the main priority directions of the state information policy, the media monitors the effect of the so-called «normalization» of the discourse of «historical memory», which is caused by the transition from national-cultural to social-humanitarian. the vector of constructing reality within the state program. In practical media activity, this process is characterized by the formation of an independent discourse stream of regional elites and «decentralization of history», using strategies of toponymical appealing decommunized titles and functioning of hidden discourses of renaming. The «decentralization of history» in regional communication models is, in fact, a modern form of counter-discourse of «decommunization» and is most prevalent in the information space of the Southern and Eastern regions of Ukraine. The content of the marked materials is mainly devoted to criticism of renaming, attempts to return the old name or double name change, toponymic appeal, lack of historical / cultural / social and other correlation of the name to the region, inconsistency of the history / heroics of the region and approval of the new ones.</em><strong></strong></p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>communication, decommunisation, discourse, identity, information space, historical memory, media.</em>

Toccata and toccata style in Yurii Reshetar’s piano works

Toccata and toccata style in Yurii Reshetar’s piano works

Class Practiced by Knowledge Constructive Jigsaw Method Including Experiments at an Elementary School for Improving Pupils’ Scientific Comprehension in Housing Learning of Home EconomicsClass Practiced by Knowledge Constructive Jigsaw Method Including Experiments at an Elementary School for Improving Pupils’ Scientific Comprehension in Housing Learning of Home Economics: Activities Connecting Fundamental Principles and Pupils’ Experience Concerning Indoor Environmen

Class Practiced by Knowledge Constructive Jigsaw Method Including Experiments at an Elementary School for Improving Pupils’ Scientific Comprehension in Housing Learning of Home EconomicsClass Practiced by Knowledge Constructive Jigsaw Method Including Experiments at an Elementary School for Improving Pupils’ Scientific Comprehension in Housing Learning of Home Economics: Activities Connecting Fundamental Principles and Pupils’ Experience Concerning Indoor Environmen

ХРОНОТОП – СЕМИОТИКА И БУДУЩЕЕ ГОРОДА

In this paper author presents an interdisciplinary interaction betweeen semiotics and chronotopy. The paper refers to the great cities of Renaissance and the Russian cities like Saint Petersburg. As M. M. Bakhtin formulated, "genre is cultural memory". According to the author, the structural and spatiotemporal memory lies in the core not only of artistic works, but of urban structurestoo.As an instruments of structural and semiotic analysis of city, the terms of chronotope and chronotopy were coined. The followers of M. M. Bakhtin, the structuralists and the semeiologists of the Yu. M. Lotman Semiotic School now agree on this point. In 1990s, one of the founders of Russian semiotics, Yu. M. Lotman came to the conclusion that new spatiotemporal modes can crystallize and spiritually develop citizens. This concept formed the basis of the first part of the paper. The second part considers practical opportunities of semiotics and urban chronotopy in dialogue with students during classes on such humanities subjects as philosophy, global art culture, aestetics e.t.c. According to the author, urban chronotope and urban semiotics are different and complementary instruments of scientific comprehension and development of cities.

Administrative permitting activities in town planning

The article is focused on current issues concerning administrative permitting activities, which are the part of administrative activity as a whole. The field of town planning involves the interests of both business entities and people living in a particular territory. Economic development demands the effective regulation in order to attract investment in the construction sector, while people’s interest calls for fulfilling the principle of sustainable development of a territory. Thus, the administrative statutory regulation must on the one hand imply diminishing administrative burdens in order to provide the transparency and promptness of passing regulative procedures, and on the other hand be sufficient for ensuring the safety and appropriateness of development of a territory. Construction is one of vital and the most complicated sectors of the economy that is primarily aimed at providing people with residential property. To erect a residential building one needs high-quality communication lines, transport and social infrastructure. Construction of industrial parks, maintenance of existing industrial areas and transport infrastructure facilities and creation of new ones, providing people living in dilapidated dwellings with new residential space, housing resource renewal – these are the first key tasks for the authorities today. The circumstances mentioned above entail the demand for efficient administrative control over town planning sector. In this regard, the scientific comprehension of the term “administrative permitting activities” can raise the level of understanding all management processes running on the economy system, as well as the issues of exercising the powers conferred to executive public bodies acting in the related field.

РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ХАРАКТЕРА

Taking into consideration the fact that editing is considered to be a field of scientific knowledge, a sphere of practical activity, and a discipline, problems of terminology appear. The aim of the research is to reveal definitions and statements that tend to take the role of terms and contain conflicting statements obstructing the scientific comprehension of terms. The research focuses on the comparison of different definitions of the term “editing” and of its types given by Russian and foreign theorists and practitioners, as well as on the analysis of new terms introduced into scientific discourse. The author touches upon various definitions of the concept of editing, considers its types as well as differences between the notions of editing and literary editing, compares the interpretations of these concepts in Russian, British, and American (editing, copyediting), Ukrainian and Polish scientific discourses, offers his vision of the problems. Textbooks and reference books do not always provide proper differences between the two main components of editorial activity—editorial analysis (evaluation) and editing. There are significant developments of Russian researchers in the direction of the history of editing ahead of the Western research. One can state that Russia has a school of editing history, and university researchers make a great contribution to its development. The author suggests adhering to the established traditions in the interpretation of editing and using it in journalism in the same sense as in book publishing, since initially it was the publishing of books that caused the need in editing as a professional activity. The result of the research demonstrates that it is impossible to refer editing as a sphere of scientific knowledge only to book publishing or philology. The author proposes his own definition of editing, tries to optimize the number of types of editing (particularly, duplication of the notions “editing” and “literary editing”, “editing” and “copyediting” is stated), and introduces a terminological combination “history of editing” into scientific discourse. The author proves that the replacement of the concepts “editing” and “editorial analysis” with such notions as “text activity” and “criticism of speech”, respectively, is not justified in scientific terms.

HAVEYZİ'NİN GAZELLERİNDE HAFIZ'IN RİNTLİK ve MELAMETİ FİKİRLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Rintlik terimi Hafız’ın şiirlerinde en çok kullanılan terimlerinden biridir ve bu rindane atmosfer Haveyzi’nin şiirleri ve görüşlerinde sıklıkla kullandığı tasavvufi konulardandır. Haveyzi’nin gazelleri aynı şekilde ruhsal, sanatsal, rindane, aşıkane, arifane ve felsefi bir değere sahiptir ve toplumsal ve inançsal bir yönü de vardır. Bu araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre Haveyzi’nin gazellerinde rindane mazmunlardan istifade edilmesinin özel bir yeri vardır. Onun irfanı metinleri sürekli analiz etme, dini ve irfani tecrübe ve ilmi kazanımlarına dayanır ve tüm bunların karışı sanatsal, aşıkane ve rindane bir özellik taşır. Bu çalışmadaki amaç onun rintlik hakkındaki Hafız ile benzer yönlerine işaret etmektir. Haveyzi’nin kelime dağarcığı ve rindane tabirleri onun rintlik meşrebi ve aşıkane halleri ile uyumludur. Haveyzi’nin şiirlerinde riyakârlar ve ikiyüzlülerden bezginlik ve nefret sıklıkla görüldüğü için onun şiirleri rindane ve melameti bir atmosfere sahiptir.

THE TWO GROUPS OF LATE ROMAN AGE SETTLEMENTS IN THE HEADSTREAM OF TILIGUL RIVER

In the paper the materials of new sites of the first centuries AD are examined. They were revealed and some of them even explored in the Tiligul headstream in 1988—1989, 1997, 2000. Many of these sights were revealed several decades ago but despite of that their materials were not entirely included to the science circulation and, thoroughly, did not find their qualitative scientific comprehension up to the present moment. According to the chronology and the character of materials of these sites they could be divided into two groups of antiquities: sites of Etuliya type and of Chernyakhiv culture. First of them are presented by the settlements Tochilovo and Aleksandrovka I which, as things stand, are the first sites of Etuliya type revealed and researched in the forest-steppe natural and climatic zone on the lands between Dniester and Southern Bug. The Chernyakhiv sites are represented on this territory by the settlement Baytali III. The sites of Etuliya type chronologically take precedency here of the Chernyakhiv sites which is dated to the second half of 3rd—4th century AD, and as the settlement structure it appeared not later than 250/260 AD. At the same time, the concurrency of the low date of Chernyakhiv site (the settlement Baytali III) and of the high date of the site of Etuliya type (the settlement Tochilovo) may show the short-time coexistence of population of these settlements in the Tiligul headstream, at least, over a period of sixties of the 3rd century AD.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PRECONDITIONS OF MUSICAL CREATIVITY

The purpose of the article is to analyze the psychological foundations of creative thinking as a prerequisite for musical creativity. The methodology is determined by the works in the field of psychology, which focus on the psychology of creativity, the problems of musical talent and creative thinking, encyclopedic resources, which reveal the essence of the notion of creativity, and musicology studies devoted to the issues of the creative process and musical activity. Scientific novelty consists of scientific comprehension of preconditions of musical creativity; in systematizing the psychological foundations of the creative process; in finding out the principles of creative thinking. Conclusions. Musical creativity is a complex process of artistic and creative thinking, which involves the creation of new spiritually valuable works. The psychological preconditions of musical creativity, such as talent, skill, intuition, creativity, and improvisation, are connected, first of all, with the psychic and mental development of the individual. However, the role of learning, acquiring skills and experience, the formation of imagination and accumulation of impressions is of great importance, because the process of creativity is associated with mental operations on the material primarily through conscious mechanisms. In the musical creativity there is an active and continuous correlation between the conscious and the unconscious. These two types of thinking complement each other, alternating depending on the tasks set before the composer. Creative tasks are realized with the help of creative-psychological settings, among which, the important role of emotions, intuition, reason, logic, rational principle, intelligence, and fantasy is evident.