Sciences Of Belarus Research Articles

Махровые нарциссы коллекции Центрального ботанического сада НАН Беларуси

Махровые нарциссы коллекции Центрального ботанического сада НАН Беларуси

THE ONOMASTIC STRUCTURE ON THE CEMETERIES OF THE XIX - THE BEGINNING XX CENTURY ON NORTHWESTERN BELARUS: RESULTS OF INTERLINGUAL CONTACTS AND NATIONAL SPECIFIC

The Center for the Belarusian Culture, Language and Literature Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Yakub Kolas Institute of Linguistics Minsk, Belarus In this article analyzed the onomastic structure the cemeteries of the XIX - the beginning XX centuries on northwestern Belarus in terms of interlanguage contacts, and reflection of the blending of names of the Orthodox and Catholic church calendars, Christian and Muslim traditions and infiltrations in the inscriptions in Russian the elements of the Belarusian language.

MEMORABLE STREET NAMES OF THE CITY OF TERMEZ (REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN) IN THE MIRROR OF THE HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE

The Center for the Belarusian Culture, Language and Literature Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the branch “Yakub Kolas Institute of Linguistics” Minsk, Republic of Belarus In the article the analysis of memorating the urbanity of the city of Termez. The author identifies five bases of lexical and semantic groups of memoratives, motivated by representatives of different eras, nationalities and types of activity. The analysis of the gender ratio of anthroponymic street names is given. Research materials can help in the study of the culture, history and language of the Uzbek people.

Yalina-thermal facility neutron characteristic computational study 129I, 237Np and 243Am transmutation reaction rates calculations

Present work describes Monte-Carlo calculations of the neutron field and minor actinide transmutation reaction rates within the Yalina-Thermal sub-critical assembly of the Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research – Sosny of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The computer model of the facility was prepared for the corresponding calculations via MCU-PD and MCNP Monte-Carlo codes. The model neutron characteristics estimations were performed as well as the nuclear safety analysis. The up-to-date ENDF B/VIII, JEFF 3.3 and JENDL 4.0 nuclear data libraries were used during research.

IS A WORD-FORMATIVE BASE OF BELARUSIAN MICROTOPONYMS PAZBISHCHA A BORROWED WORD OR A LOCAL DERIVATIVE?

He Center for the Belarusian Culture, Language and Literature Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Yakub Kolas Institute of Linguistics Minsk, Belarus The paper considers two theories on the appearance of the appellative pazbishcha ‘pasture' in Belarusian dialects against the background of its distribution within Slavic countries. An assumption is made about the reasons for a higher rate of the appellative pazbishcha in the formation of Belarusian microtoponyms as opposed to the synonymous and widely known appellative pasha.

Life and creative development of academician M. M. Pavlyuchenko

The article is devoted to the 110 anniversary of the birth of the Belarusian scientist, the founder of the section of chemical science – Chemistry of solids, the organizer and the first director of Institute of the General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus – Mikhail Mikhaylovich Pavlyuchenko. In the article, the career devoted to search of the implication and chemical mechanism of the processes proceeding with participation of solids is described. Identification of the defining stages (limiting stages) and regularities of thermal dissociation reactions and synthesis of different classes and various structure of substances, as well as the definition of ways to operate these processes are described in this paper. His pedagogical and practical activities were purposeful, he looked for and found the young people interested in scientific research, excited them with his ideas, prepared 40 candidates and 3 Doctors of Chemistry. Together with the academician N. F. Ermolenko and the engineering structure of the institute, he prepared, proved the ways and possibilities of use and enrichment of sylvinites of the Starobinsky field, and repeatedly reported for the government and wide audience on importance of chemical industry development in Belarus. His course of life is a service to science and the Homeland.

Central scientific library of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, its information and bibliographic activities in the information environment

Central scientific library of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, its information and bibliographic activities in the information environment

Techno-morphological features of items made of antler from the site near the village of Michnievičy (north-western Belarus)

Thepaperpresents the results of a techno-morphological analysis of itemsmade of antlerobtained as a result of the collectionsfrom the1960s1990s from thesitenear the village of MichnievičySmorgon District of the Grodno Region (north-western Belarus).Currently, more than 100 artifacts are known fromthissite, as well as a large number of fauna residues with no visible traces of processing. Radiocarbon dating was obtained for some categories of products, which link them to 92 thousand BC. The largest part of the collection refers to the period of the MesolithicNeolithic. At the first stage of work, the most expressive and numerous group of artifacts made of horn (24 exemplars), stored in the fonds of the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, was selected for a techno-morphological analysis.The degree of preservation of the external surface of objects is relatively good, which made it possible to analyze macro-tracesrelated to the technology of manufacturing various categories of products, on the basis of whicha process flowwas proposed from the selection of raw materials to the finished product.The analysis of the technological traces recorded on the products allowed us to highlight the differences in the manufacturing processes of the oldesttools. In addition, on the basis of the macro signs of utilitarian wear, preliminary observations on the functionalusingof objects were obtained. According totechnological and morphological features, thewhole of theanalyzed material was divided into conditional categories of instruments with a selected heel and without it. The presence or absence of this element, apparently, influenced the method of using objects in various household situations.

The Role of Science in Socioeconomic Development and Formation of a Unified Scientific and Technological Space of the Union State of Russia and Belarus

On June 18, 2019, a joint meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus took place. The meeting discussed the results of joint work in 2018, promising draft programs of the Union State, and plans for cooperation between the RAS and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for the near future. Particular attention was paid to the scientific support for the development of strategic directions of the spatial, territorial, and socio-economic development of Russia and Belarus for the long term, within the concept of the United Eurasia megaproject.

60 years – the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

The historical review of the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus considers all periods of the Institute’s evolution, starting with its organization in 1959, forming the main structural divisions and areas of research and development (1959–1968), structuring these areas and accelerating their development (1969–1990), optimization and headway with a primary focus on the scientific support of important tasks of industry and the agricultural complex of the Republic of Belarus (1991–2019). The information on the formation and development of scientific schools at the Institute, their outstanding achievements and examples of successful implementation of developments in enterprises and organizations of the national economic complex is presented. In chronological order, the results of the activities of the Institute scientists structured by the main scientific areas are reviewed, and references to their published books and monographs are given.

IMPROVEMENT OF SELECTION METHODS OF EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCING COMPOSITION OF THE ROMANOV SHEEP BREED

In order for Roman breed sheep to meet modern requirements, remain competitive and in demand in specific breeding conditions at sheep breeding enterprises of various forms of ownership and departmental affiliation, it is necessary at this stage of selection and breeding to develop and implement a new scale for assessment of breeding sheep.
 The aim of research was to improve and approbate the assessment methods for a set of breeding traits of sheep of the Roman breed in Belarus for further development of breeding value indices.
 The research subject was rams and ewes of RUE “Vitebsk breeding enterprise” of Vitebsk region and individual sheep-breeding enterprises with various forms of ownership in the amount of 370 animals. Expert assessment was carried out according to two or more ewes lambing according to the method of assessment and selection of sheep according to set of traits for breeding use of the Romanov breed. Analysis and data processing were carried out in the laboratory for horse breeding, fur farming and small animal breeding at the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Research and Production Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding” in accordance with methodological recommendations for study of performance and biological traits of sheep of breeds and groups few in number.
 Due to possibility of taking into account different number of evaluated traits, there is flexibility and objectivity in evaluation of sheep in scores, followed by ranking to: the best, valuable, useful and not recommended for breeding, which, in turn, correspond to a specific integrated index of an animal’s breeding value in percent.
 Research results. In the course scientific research, it was determined that, depending on scores received and the planned breeding value index, producing rams get the following purpose:
 – rams for self-repair purpose – over 9.0 scores or BVI 101% and above;
 – rams for breeding purpose – 8 scores or BVI 85–100%;
 – rams for market production purpose – 7 scores or BVI 65–84%.
 The obtained evaluation indicators for each animal are summarized and the average score for all producing rams is calculated, and comprehensive index of breeding value is determined. It’s worse noting that in the future studies are planned with the most comprehensive and reliable method, which is based on determining the results of expert evaluations of the offspring according to set of traits with the subsequent ranking of producers by this trait.
 Depending on the scores received and the breeding value index, ewes get the following purpose:
 – ewes for self-repair purpose – over 8.0 scores or BVI 101% and over;
 – ewes for breeding purpose – 8–7 scores or BVI 85–100%;
 – ewes for market production purpose – 7–6 scores or BVI 65–84%;
 – other – 6–5 scores or BVI up to 50–64%.
 The ranking scales for producing rams and ewes developed by us include the assessment of animals by origin, typicality, measurements, exterior, fur-coat traits, and queens additionally by fertility rate, which is taken into account for at least 2 lambs. Due to possibility of taking into account different number of evaluated traits, there is flexibility and objectivity in evaluation of sheep in scores, followed by ranking according to time scale to: best, valuable, useful and not recommended for breeding, which, in turn, correspond to a specific integrated index of an animal’s breeding value in percent.
 It should be noted that this development (assessment scale) allows livestock breeders at sheep farms applying it in practice without additional training when evaluating sheep, it is an intermediate link in transition to an index assessment of animals’ breeding value.
 Conclusion. In the future, the developed scales for rams and ewes ranking will allow developing individual breeding value indices and planned comprehensive index for evaluating sheep of the fur-coat direction of productivity, which will contribute to more objective and rapid differentiation of the breed quality, increase efficiency of the breeding work and predictability of results.

The technique of integrated assessment of varieties of korean chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coreanum), introduced in Belarus

Recently, with the development of decorative gardening and landscape design, the extension of the assortment of floral and ornamental plants including perennial plants becomes relevant. chrysanthemum Korean – one of the most promising crops for flower decoration of the cities of Belarus, characterized by long flowering periods, unpretentiousness at cultivation, accessible ways of reproduction ways of plants, a wide variety of varieties. In the article present a modified method of comprehensive assessment of chrysanthemum Korean (Chrysanthemum coreanum), recommended for use in industrial landscaping. The method is based on 11 decorative and biological qualities: stability of flower coloration, duration and stability of flowering plants, number of inflorescences, height and shape of the plant, number of leaves on the stem, winter hardiness of plants, resistance to diseases and pests, ability of plants to vegetative reproduction, preservation of decorative qualities without plant transplantation which are important for industrial cultivation of plants. Each qualities is evaluated on a 3-point scale. The sum of points determines the perspective of the variety for use in gardening. Varieties of chrysanthemum that received 27 points or more are very promising plants, 19–26 – a promising plants, below 18 points – to the unpromising plants.The method was used on a collection of chrysanthemum Korean of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Based on this technique, perspective plant varieties were selected for the green construction of Belarus.

Collection of the daffodils (Narcissus × Hybridus Hort.) of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and methodological aspects of the evaluation of its cultivars

The collection of the daffodils of Central Botanical Garden of the NAS of Belarus unites 413 varieties representing 10 garden groups. In order to select daffodils for industrial gardening, a method for comparative assessment of cultivars has been developed, which is presented in this article.The system is based on the evaluation of cultivars of flower-ornamental plants. Cultivars of daffodils are evaluated in stages. In the period of mass flowering, a 5-points scale is used to assess the decorativeness of cultivars and their adaptability to local conditions. For further study, prospective varieties are distinguished, estimated at no lower than 4 points. They are grouped by garden groups, by color and size of flowers, flowering time, height of peduncles and practical use (group planting, cutting, forcing). In the selected groups and subgroups, a comparative assessment of promising varieties is made by of decorative and economic-biological qualities.The decorativeness of the cultivars is proposed to be assessed on a 100-point scale in total by 8 features: color, flower size, heat resistance of the flower, the quality of the perianth stems, the quality of the peduncle, the duration of flowering, abundance of flowering, originality. Each attribute is evaluated on a 5-point scale and multiplied by the coefficient of its significance, respectively, the maximum score of the attributes ranges from 10 to 15 points.The assessment of the economic and biological qualities of cultivars is carried out in total within a 50-point scale in 7 indicators: winter hardiness, spring frost damage, resistance to disease, resistance to pests, resistance to viral infection, reproductive capacity, plant condition. Coefficient of significance of all signs 1–2.Assessment of cultivars of daffodils in total for decorative and economic-biological characteristics is a key moment in the formation of the assortment of daffodils for industrial use. It allows selection of the most decorative, stable and well-breeding varieties in local conditions, estimated at not less than 130 points.

The nature of the natural renewal of species of the genus Abies Mill. in the conditions of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

The article contains information on the presence and vital state of the natural renewal of 10 species of fir growing on the territory of the Central Botanical Garden of NAS of Belarus.Under the conditions of introduction, the investigated species of fir give a viable self-seeding, though not always abundant and uniform. The best indices of height and diameter of the root neck of different ages are the shoots of A. nordmanniana and A. sibirica. A. alba, A. nordmanniana and A. sibirica have the largest number of self-sowing adults of the older age group. In all investigated firs, the vital state of the shoots is estimated as healthy.

Method for scientific substantiation of agrarian complex energy system using local resources

Problem of creating agricultural energy systems is of a significant multifactor system-and-situational na­ture, depending on the external economic and energy situation in the country, which predetermines accelerated development of autonomous energy centers of agro-towns based on joint use of centralized fuel and energy and local energy resources. The modern method for integrated energy supply of agro-towns as integrated territorial-and-economic entities of agro-industrial complex of the country with significant technical potential of local resources, including renewable energy sources, was devel­oped based on appropriate conceptual tools and principles of multi-level conceptual design and simulation modeling of inte­grated energy systems using method of conceptual expertize as advanced scientific research, pre-project technical-and-eco- nomic and technical -and-technological substantiation of rational structure of the concept project. As a priority, a system­atic approach to development of regional systems of pilot projects of demonstration areas of high energy efficiency based on highly organized agro-towns and, first of all, experimental farms of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus is substantiated. With this purpose, the Institute of Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus has developed software-based computing complex of an intelligent multi-level decision making support system providing simulation mod­eling and substantiation of rational scenarios for the concept project of an integrated energy system. The software package includes system of inherited and original software packages for staged procedure for performing computational experiments with a reasonable range of research risks. The conceptual content of the project depends on the Customer’s requirements, aims and objectives of the research, sectoral focus of agro-industrial enterprise, availability of sufficient technical poten­tial of local energy resources, and the consistency of interests of the owners, regional and national governing structures of various sectors of an agro-town. The studies performed with examples of a number of agro-industrial enterprises and social and cultural sectors of agro-towns show a significant (up to 60%) improvement in quality of choosing a rational struc­ture of a concept project for an integrated energy system and reduction (203 times) in sophistication of engineering design compared to ordinary 2-3-variant technical-and-economic substantiation of the project. Acknowledgements. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Program “Energy Systems, Processes and Technologies”, Sub-program 1.1 “Energy Security and Reliability of Energy Systems”, 2016-2018, with the support of the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research.

Summarizing the results of scientific, scientific-technical and innovation activity of the Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

The results of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities of the organizations of the Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus received in 2014–2018 are presented. Their scientific and practical significance is demonstrated.

Институту механики металлополимерных систем имени В. А. Белого НАН Беларуси — 50 лет!

Институту механики металлополимерных систем имени В. А. Белого НАН Беларуси — 50 лет!

(Рецензия) Растительность и биотопы национального парка «Нарочанский» с картой наземной растительности (М. 1 : 60 000) и картой биотопов (М. 1 : 60 000)

A monograph “Vegetation and biotopes of the “Narochansky” National Park was published in Minsk, Belarus in 2017, edited by A. V. Pugachevsky (Grummo et al., 2017). It includes the Map of terrestrial vegetation (S. 1 : 60 000) and the Map of biotopes (S. 1 : 60 000). Some small-scale maps such as the Map of changes in forest cover of the “Narochansky” National Park for the period 1985–2016, the Map of forest loss in the “Narochansky” National Park for the period 1985–2016 and a series of inventory and analytical maps on the basin of the Naroch Lake are given. This monograph can be considered as a small regional Atlas with detailed explanatory texts to the maps. It presents the experience on vegetation mapping accumulated in the Laboratory of Geobotany and Vegetation mapping of the Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Despite some critical comments, mainly concerning the biotope map, this publication of Belarusian geobotanists deserves an approval. They received the full answers to the questions posed: “What do we protect?” and “What is a current state of the vegetation of the National Park and the main trends of its dynamics? Cartographic design is made at a high level; the maps have both scientific and practical importance in the planning of environmental and economic activities.

III Международный семинар «Растительность болот: современные проблемы классификации, картографирования, использования и охраны» (Минск – Гродно, Беларусь, 26–28 сентября 2018 г.)

The third international seminar “Mire vegetation: modern problems of classification, mapping, use and protection” took place in September 26–28, 2018 in Belarus, Grodno Region. It was organized by B. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno. Apart from two days of scientific sessions the participants went for half-day field trips visiting the landscape reserve “Ozery”. Two beautiful autumn mires: lake-side pine bog and river valley fen were appreciated by mire specialists from Lithuania, Russia and Belarus. The visit-center of the reserve offered the short lectures on nature, tourist attractions and prospective activities. On September 29 everyone was invited to joint an additional field trip and seminar held in Novy Dvor (Svisloch district) to support a preservation of Belovezhskaya Pushcha in Belarus. Local teachers and experts together with international mire researchers went to the Dikoe mire, the Ramsar site, were they had a training course in the field. All participants of the event were happy to be together, share the experiences and contribute to ecological education.

Chernobyl science and politics in Belarus: The challenges of post-normal science and political transition as a context for science–policy interfacing

Due to high uncertainties and “no-knowledge” spots, and because of their highly politicised contexts, Chernobyl-related environmental and health issues represent an ideal post-normal science situation (PNS). The history of Chernobyl policy and science in Belarus started with a short period in the early 1990s, when due to a political situation, the parliament adopted adaptation and rehabilitation policies and legislation that adhered to the precautionary principle. Soon after, it was recognised that this precautionary action was not economically viable, and although the declared policy approach remained the same, it was eroded by the modified institutional environment and by the implementation practices, which were branded as evidence-based and endorsed by international organisations. To achieve this, Belarusian government channelled public funds to a limited number of selected research organisations affiliated with governmental bodies in charge of Chernobyl affairs, removed non-state actors from Chernobyl research, and monopolised data collection, thus eliminating concurrent knowledge production. To understand the science-policy interfaces (SPIs) developed over Chernobyl issues and their transformation in changing policy situations and in this PNS context, we used and compared analytical perspectives provided by two frameworks assessing SPIs. We also noted a very limited exchange with and support from international scientific communities to promote the development of strategic knowledge.