School Sports Activities Research Articles

Sport policy formation and enactment in post-devolution Wales: 1999–2020

ABSTRACT Sport Wales (previously the Sports Council for Wales) is the lead non-government organisation for the delivery and management of sport policy in Wales and receives an annual grant from the Welsh Government, which is supplemented by additional money from the National Lottery. There are also 22 unitary authorities that are responsible for school and community-level sport and physical activity provision. The purpose of this article is to undertake a policy critique of sport in Wales since devolution. The provided commentary charts the development of Welsh sport policy since 1999 as part of an overall governmental emphasis on physical health and wellbeing. It is divided into the three organising themes that reflect three domains of sport and physical activity participation – school, community and elite. The analysis is predicated on a review of outcomes and impact on different sectors and draws upon (some) comparisons with the English context. The principal conclusion is that even though the Welsh Government has been led by the Labour Party since devolution, the adoption of neo-liberal principles has (at least implicitly) impacted negatively on policy formation and enactment. This article offers new insight into sports policy development and enactment in Wales since 1999 and draws attention, in particular, to the importance of sport and physical activity at a time of global pandemic as well as the neglect of black, Asian and minority ethnic groups in policy discourses.

Level Evaluation of Teaching Staff in Activating School Sports Activities from Sports Education Teachers Point of View in Mosul City

mean, standard deviation, percentage, the Seberman Brown equation, Gitman equation, and the Alpha Kronbach coefficient . The researcher concluded several conclusions: The research aims to: - To identify the level of teaching staff in activating school sport activities from the sport education teachers point of view . The descriptive approach was used in the survey method. The study sample (85) teachers from the teachers of sports education in the Directorate of Education of Ninawa and for obtaining the data a questionnaire was designed and applied after the availability of the scientific conditions in it of validity and stability. The data were treated statistically through the arithmetic 1- The teaching staff have a positive level of collaboration in activating classroom activity . 2- The teaching staff have an effective level of cooperation in the Scouting sport activity by participating in the selection and selection of students and their role in encouraging staff students to practice Scouting. 3- The teaching bodies have shown a moderate interest in the internal and external athletic activity of secondary schools . The researcher recommended several recommendations : 1- urge the teaching staff to continue , follow up and to hang on their distinguished role in activating all school sports activities. 2- Finding a scientific and objective mechanism for the implementation of school sport activities, which would allow for greater attention and support by educational staff and school departments. 3-Making Similar study in primary and middle- schools

Media content analysis on school violence and aggression in Bulgaria

This research offers a review of the online news content in Bulgaria, related to school aggression, violence, and sports initiatives tackling those behavioral problems. The aim is to provide an understanding of the phenomenon and the societal attitude towards its dimensions and possible solutions through sport. A media content analysis of online articles, dated January 2019 – April 2020, was used as a research methodology. Thirty-three articles on aggression and violence in school were reviewed, based on their frequency, timeline, place of publication, topics, and spokesperson. For the same time period, sixteen articles related to dealing with aggression through sport were reported. The results show that most of the media content on violence and aggression among students was related to raw statistical data and reports of cases. A relatively small section in the news was dedicated to opinion articles. It was observed that those who witness cases of aggression do not understand the seriousness of the situation and see it as entertainment. As a result, a major part of the video content, related to aggression, is being uploaded on the Internet by students and parents. However, the public focus is mainly shifted towards the school authorities and the figure of the teacher. At the same time, aggression in schools is spread among all students. It has a constant value and is provoked by numerous factors. On the contrary, initiatives and events aiming to disseminate information and to reduce aggression through sport were organized in many Bulgarian cities by nonprofit organizations, municipalities, and schools. The majority of events were organized as a part of European or national projects. It is suggested a more centralized national approach towards reducing aggression through different sports activities in school.

A Historical Metamorphosis of Physical Education and Extra-curricular School Sport Activities in Chatsworth, Durban, South Africa (1960–2020)

Chatsworth is a township, which was consciously designed by the South African apartheid government in order to suppress its residents’ educational, social, financial, spiritual, and physical development. The primary aim of this article is to chronologically describe the history of Physical Education and extra-curricular school sport from 1960 to 2020, in the community of Chatsworth, through review of national, provincial, and local educational policies and extra-curricular school sport management structures. A narrative literature surveillance was completed using Google Scholar and Sabinet. Key search terms were “Chatsworth,” “physical education,” and “school sport.” The search identified 2050 records, of which only six were ultimately included. The records were assessed for researcher, bias employing a modified Downs and Black Appraisal scale. Due to the paucity of literature recounting the history of Chatsworth’s Physical Education and extra-curricular school sport, interviews were conducted with two proponent Chatsworth physical education teachers. The article describes the national and provincial education curriculum reforms that influenced Physical Education and extra-curricular school sport in Chatsworth.

Analysis on the Application Prospect of Virtual Reality Technology and Material in Physical Education

With the update and growth of science and technology, educational concepts continue to innovate. In the sports field, the use of Virtual Reality (VR) technology is undoubtedly a brand new training experience. The use of VR technology in the physical education (PE) classroom has promoted the growth of PE and also allowed students to master physical skills more comprehensively through high technology. The purpose of this article is to understand VR technology, study the mterial of VR, improve the shortcomings of traditional PE through VR technology, and analyze the application prospects of VR technology in PE. This article mainly adopts the interview method, sample survey method and case analysis method to sample a survey of 120 students in three grades of a middle school to conduct questionnaire surveys and field visits to understand the students’ knowledge of VR technology and the use of VR technology. We also can know the views of the PE for students. Through this series of investigations, the prospects of VR technology being applied to PE are analyzed. Experimental research results show that the most supported PE activity for VR technology at this stage is situational setting, and 35% of students hope that VR technology will be prominent in the context of the picture. The application of VR technology in physical education will undoubtedly bring a different experience to school sports activities. However, due to the lack of funds and professionals, it is difficult to carry out VR technology in teaching activities. So we can start from the context setting and use economical means to pave the way for physical education.

The Contribution Of Biomechanical Analysis Technology To Improve The Assessment Of Students During Certain School Sports Activities (Long Jump)

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of biomechanical analysis technology to improve the assessment of students during certain school sports activities (long jump), this by (1) determining the statistical differences between groups in variables analyzed. (2) revealing the relationship between the kinematical variables analyzed and the digital level & evaluation result. The sample included 32 students in the 1st year of secondary school (16 males, 16 females), two groups for each gender. Group ? working on the use of kinetic analysis in a correction the kinetic performance and evaluated, and group ? is guided by the observation only. The study involved the kinematical analysis of performance during long jumping activity, by using the software; Coach's Eye & MyDartfish Express. The data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 program, the descriptive statistics (mean ± SD, Std. E), the Anova & T-tests for difference statistical between groups, and the P test for the correlations between variables. In conclusion, our assessment problem is that it depends on the digital level only in the learning phase. Besides, these results indicate that the professors who use this kinetic analysis software have adjusted the way they evaluate students, where Improving digital achievement should depend on proper evaluation in the stages of achievement for the physical education and sports teaching process.

방과 후 운동프로그램이 여자비만아동의 성장호르몬과 염증인자에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of after school Exercise Program including fun-based aerobic exercise and strength exercise on growth hormone and inflammatory factors as well as exercise effects among obese female children. For the purpose, 10 female children with BMI ranging from 22% to 29% participated in this study. Growth hormone and inflammatory factors were measured and analyzed after 12 weeks of after school sport activities including aerobic exercise and strength exercise. The findings of this study were as follows. First, levels of growth hormone were significantly increased in the exercise group than in the control group. Second, no significant differences of levels of Cortisol and IGF-1 were found between the exercise group and the control group. Third, TNF-α showed a tendency to decrease in the exercise group, but it was significantly increased in the control group. It was thought that after school exercise can help obese children in their growing up period.

Investigating Life Skills Of Students Who Are Engaged In Sports (İstanbul Bakırköy District Example)

Purpose: Sport is defined as regular physical activities for different purposes and it is a concept, which is aimed at satisfyingthe subconscious emotions of human beings, such as integrating a set of physical, psychological and mental efforts, andsocializing. Nowadays, sports are becoming more and more important in terms of their place and importance in the society aswell as increasing their influence on human life. Individual athletes develop in terms of physical and mental abilities. It is knownthat it strengthens social ties among individuals and socializes the individual in terms of its social aspect. This study wasconducted to examine the life skills of individuals participating in sports activities in high schools in terms of various variables.Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, the Effect of Sport Scale on Life Skills was used. Screening method was used inthe research. The research population consists of 417 students studying in high schools in Bakırköy district of Istanbul.Findings: Sports in young people; it has been found that it has developed many life skills such as teamwork, goal setting, takinginitiative, respecting other peoples, time management, cognitive skills, emotional skills, communication skills, social skills,leadership, problem solving and decision making.Highlights: The findings are discussed with previous studies and suggestions for new research are included.

Return to play after brain tumor surgery in children.

Children with a history of brain tumors do not appear to be at a significantly higher risk of sports-related injuries. Nevertheless, according to the systematic review and survey conducted by Perreault et al., 75% of healthcare professionals restrict their patients' participation in physical activities after brain tumor surgery. The aim of our study was to verify whether children after brain tumor surgery return to physical education (PE) classes. It was also an attempt to explore factors limiting return to physical activity. Patients after brain tumor surgery, ≤ 18 years old on admission with ≥ 1 year follow-up were included in the analysis. Data concerning the disease were collected and summarized in search of factors limiting return to physical activity. Meticulous information about return to sports and physical education at school was gathered during follow-up visits. 71.43% of patients returned to school sports activities. Children who did not return to PE had markedly higher neoplasm WHO grade. Significant differences were also found between the groups in terms of hydrocephalus occurrence and need for additional oncological treatment. In univariate analysis, we identified neoplasm WHO grade, tumor location, presence of neurological deficit after the procedure, additional oncological treatment, and occurrence of hydrocephalus needing shunting as the risk factors for not returning to school physical education. The majority of pediatric brain tumor survivors return safely to physical education. Higher neoplasm WHO grade, presence of neurological deficit after the procedure, additional oncological treatment, and occurrence of hydrocephalus are risk factors for not returning to physical education.

Simplistic policy, skewed consequences: Taking stock of English physical education, school sport and physical activity policy since 2013

The period from 2013 to 2019 was one of relative continuity in policies for physical education (PE), school sport and physical activity (PESSPA) in England. Starting from the advent of the government’s flagship PE and Sport Premium (PES Premium) initiative in 2013, the end of the period was reached 20 with renewed uncertainty in 2020 about the future of PESSPA policy. It is therefore an appropriate point for this article to ‘take stock’ of PESSPA policies and their consequences since 2013. The political science literature on policy design underpins the approach to considering the mix of both policy goals and those instruments used by governments to achieve them. To do so, a comprehensive set of policy documents, published reports, academic literature and empirical research on schools’ use of the PES Premium was interrogated. Policy goals articulated by government since 2013 reinforced, rather than resolved, long-standing debates about the purpose of PESSPA. Health-related objectives rose in prominence, but sat uneasily alongside continued commitments to competitive sport. Only a narrow range of the policy instruments available to governments were used in pursuit of their policy goals. PES Premium funding was solely distributed to primary schools, with limited use of regulation and information systems to shape PESSPA provision. These aspects of policy design contributed to increasing reliance on external coaches in primary schools and indicators of a decline in secondary school provision and participation, resonant of prioritisation of short-term approaches over longer-term strategic development. Possibilities for improving future PESSPA policies are considered as a result.

Mesto i uloga slobodnih aktivnosti i školskih takmičenja u fizičkom vaspitanju i relacije sa školskim sportom

Timeliness of this topic is not decreased by the fact that it was a subject of discussion on several symposiums from several aspects the authors opted for. This time, the starting point is the fact that physical education teachers, as a professionally responsible experts in physical education, are obliged to contribute to further discussion on following topics: Professional understanding of the essence of conceptual and terminological determination of some organizational forms of work in physical education which are implemented as leisure activities and competitions and their relation to what is called school sport or sport activities in the school. Planned and organized orientation of leisure activities and competition functions towards implementation of the common physical education goal. Compared to the current curricula or sport orientation, what is the scale of educational features of these forms (leisure activities and competitions), which trendier in the practice. To what extent is interest of teachers and students one of the assumptions for such organization of leisure activities and competitions to enable rational and efficient fulfilment of students' leisure time. The First part of this paper presents the statues of leisure activities and competitions in current program concept of physical education in the schools, and aforementioned issues as a subject of professional public permanent interest. As school sport and relation with leisure activities and competition are concerned, some opinions of distinguished experts form higher education institutions were expressed, which were quoted in this paper supporting views of most pedagogists in the school system. Sports and school sport activities similarities and differences represented in the charts. The second part of the paper presents the results of two questionnaires where one is related to the institutional position of sports activities in the school, organization, type and competition system, as well as the rope and obligation of the teacher in implementation of the sports activities in the school. The other questionnaire presents the result of some of the educational values of the competition within the school sport.

Present status and problems of injury surveillance studies for sports activities in Japanese school

Present status and problems of injury surveillance studies for sports activities in Japanese school

THE TENDENCYOF DELINQUENCY IN SPORTS HIGH SCHOOL AND GENERAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

In this study, it was aimed to determine the tendency of delinquency of the students who are studying in sports and general high school and to determine whether the tendency of delinquency of the participants according to their demographic characteristics shows a significant change. In the study, which was carried out in the screening research model, Delinquency Scale developed by Apaydin (2010) was used as data collection tool on 1485 students studying in 2015-2016 academic year. Descriptive statistics, t test in unrelated measures, one-way variance analysis was calculated according to the answers of students. As a result of the research, it was determined that the tendency of delinquency of the students in the physical education lesson was above the average. In addition, it was identified that the tendency of delinquency of female students compared to male students; students studying in general high school compared to sports high school was higher. Non-participation to sports activities in general high school and non-participation in primary school level were found to have a higher tendency to delinquency than those who participated in the activities. Article visualizations:

The Association between Various Lifestyle Patterns and the Body Mass Index in Adolescents

Abstract Objective: The study aims to analyze obesogenic behavioral patterns of adolescents living in Mureş County, Romania, as well as to establish a relationship between these behaviors and their Body Mass Index (BMI), in an attempt to provide effective prevention strategies for obesity. Material and Methods: 153 students between 9th to 12th grade, aged between 14 and 19 years old, from the Vocational and Art Highschool of Târgu Mureş were included in the study. All the candidates filled out an evaluation questionnaire of lifestyle and risky behaviors. The analyzed data were sex, age, residence, BMI and risky eating behavior defined as the consumption of carbohydrates (bread, potatoes, sweets), sodas, junk food, alcohol (wine, distilled beverages, beer), beer separately, level of physical activity (school and extra-school sports activities), sedentary behaviors (≥2 hours/day in front of a screen: personal computer-PC and television-TV), and spending ≥2 hours/day separately on the PC and on the TV. Results: A statistically significant association was observed between BMI and consumption of fast-food, tobacco, beer, sedentary behavior and spending ≥2 hours/day in front of the PC. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the BMI values of adolescents presenting all studied risk behaviors compared to those who did not. Conclusions: Obesity among adolescents from Mureş County is influenced by lifestyle choices like fast-food, tobacco, beer, sedentary behavior and spending ≥2 hours/day in front of the PC.

Age features of the body during exercise from kindergarten to college

The article deals with the harmonious education of children and young people with the need for a purposeful system of physical training. Consideration of age characteristics and assessment of the physical health of children and adolescents in the organization of sports activities in sports sections and schools. Medical issues of sports orientation and selection of young athletes. The need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of the physical health of children by the coach and sports doctor. Age features of the body is the most important factor that can determine the best choice of techniques and methods of physical development. In most cases, they are considered when setting the date for the beginning of the training of children to the technique of physical exercises, to their special sports preparation and training so that significant results in sports can be achieved. If we take into account age, then we can divide physical exercises into groups, in which possible loads in classes and competitions, training standards and requirements are established. Any age group of children has special features of the structure and functions of body systems that must be taken into account for rational physical education.

МETHODICAL APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT AND MODERN ASSESSMENT OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES FOR STUDENTS AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The global model of managing sports activities within secondary schools is influenced by several factors, such as: external and internal environment, organizational structure, individual and group priorities. The process of organizing them leads to the creation of a management program, which determines how the task is set, how resources are used, and how it interacts with work and development. We associate the improvement of sport activities at secondary schools in our case with the determinants of the environment and with the management of the teaching - methodical work at the classes in high schools themselves. Bearing in mind that secondary schools need to adapt to external global change and that they need to be competitive in society, the recognition of sport as an opportunity for promotion of schools and its methodical improvement is a peculiarity that needs to be nurtured at the state and every single high school separately. Therefore, this paper aims to present a methodological electronic approach to management and assessment, adapted to our curricula and annual planning by the Bureau for education development in Republic of Macedonia. The assigned tasks were realized through: determining the grading scale for the students (male and female), selection of elements from the program for sport and sports activities for every year of the four-grade education of the students, the level of fulfillment and the number of repetitions of the elements depending on which grade students are placed, supplementing the points with absences and activity of students, as well as a main study of the process of managing and grading with the help of a high school student.Hypothesis: This kind of work will have an advantage of the teachers in sport and sport activities (by setting a clean methodological position for managing teaching process in front of the students and their parents), as well as the advantage for the high school students who will be informed at the beginning of the school year for sport items, games and exercises that will be evaluated, and they will be able to work and improve them throughout the year.Results: The electronic system as shown by EXCEL table for student assessment of sport and sport activities at secondary schools, their activitys and absences at classes in the subject. The graphic representation of the assessment and the values of the results of the various elements fully explain the management program in which the system operates. The key study is confirmation of the process that has been implemented for five years in the Secondary Electrotechnical School of the City of Skopje "Mihajlo Pupin" - Skopje. The form in which the model is presented is the same for everyone, but the curricular planning depends on the grade in which the teacher is working and on the school the teacher plans the program activity.Conclusion: The weakness of the Macedonian sports culture is identified with the deficiency of management processes in the field of school sport and sport activities in the entire education system in our country. The research is a result of years of analysis and shows that this model of organization and electronic assessment can be used in all gymnasiums and all vocational secondary schools in the Republic of Macedonia, whether students are include in three or four grade of education.

Identification of Decision-Making Skills of the High School Students Participating in School Sports Activities

The aim of this study is to identify the decision-making skills of the high school students participating in school sports activities. The sample of the study consisted of 221 (n=96 girls and n=125 boys) volunteer students studying in 4 different high schools affiliated to Kırıkkale Provincial Directorate of National Education in 2017-2018 academic year. The students participating in the study were divided into 3 different age groups. 49.3% (n=109) of the students are in the 14-15 age group, 35.7% (n=79) are in the 16-17 age group and 14.9% (n= 33) are in the 18-19 age group. "Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire" which was developed by Mann, Burnett, Radford and Ford (16) and whose validity and reliability in Turkish were carried out by Deniz (9) was used in the identification of decision-making skills of the students. The data obtained from the questionnaire were evaluated in SPSS 22.0 package program at 95% confidence interval and 0.05 significance level. In this study, the effect of two or more independent variables on more than one dependent variable was determined by two-way MANOVA analysis. In the statistical analyses, it was found that there was no interaction between the dependent variables ( F (15, 577,36) =.86, p>0.05) and there was a statistically significant difference between the self-confidence, which is one of the sub-dimensions of the decision-making, and grade variable ( F (3,213) =2.85, p<.05). In addition, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the self confidence and team or individual sport variable ( F (1,213) =7.18, p<.05). According to the findings obtained from the study, it was concluded that the highest mean value obtained from the decision-making styles of the students who participated in the school sports activities belonged to Part I “self-confidence", and also the self-confidence of the 12th grade students was higher than the 9th grade students. Another result obtained from the study is that the students who are interested in team sports have higher self-confidence than the students who are interested in individual sports. As a result of the evaluation, the fact that the students participating in the study adopted the style "Self-Esteem (Self-Confidence) in Decision-Making" at the most supports the hypothesis of this study.

THE IMAGE OF THE PROFESSIONAL FUTURE AND SPORT ENGAGEMENT OF THE CADETS OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The research defines the relationship between the content of the image of the professional future and sport engagement in the future N ational Guardsmen. Methods: the study involved 170 cadets of the military institute. They were asked to write an essay entitled «My professional future». The texts were studied with the help of the content analysis and qualitative psychosemantic analysis. Besides, a questionnaire survey was used: the participants were to rank the maturity indicators of the image of the future. Results: cadets with an average level of sport involvement showed a better image of professional future. According to the content of the image, athletes demonstrated a deeper understanding of the true values of the officer as opposed to utilitarian and selfish aspirations displayed by those not involved in sports. The scope of the results: the results can be used in the organization of sports activities in military schools. Summary: sports activities play an important role in the training of an officer of the National Guard troops: it is a necessary condition for the formation of the image of the professional future as part of the value-semantic foundations of the professional identity of the future officer.

A School-Based Physical Activity and Motor Development Program for Low-Fit Adolescent Females: The Sport4Fun Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

This study examined the feasibility and potential efficacy of a multi-faceted secondary school–based intervention among low-fit adolescent females. The Sport4Fun program was designed to promote physical activity participation, fundamental movement skill proficiency, perceived physical competence, and enjoyment of physical activity in secondary school students. The intervention consisted of three components including two practical components—weekly movement skill activities for 90 min during compulsory school sport and sports-based activities for 60 min after school (non-compulsory) for 6 months—and one theoretical component—three 15-min theory sessions completed during homeroom (or roll call) time per week. The control group participated in their regular school activities. Compared with females in the control group, those in the intervention group showed a greater increase in total weekday accelerometer counts per min (adjusted difference, 77.49; 95% CI, 8.21–132.77; p = .03; Cohen’s d = 1.26). The difference in total fundamental movement skill components mastered favored the intervention group but was not statistically significant (adjusted difference, 1.48; 95% CI, −1.21–4.17; p = .26, Cohen’s d = 0.48). Targeting fundamental movement skills may be a potentially novel and motivating way to promote activity among low-fit adolescent girls; however, challenges in recruitment and implementation warrant further investigation before adopting this approach more broadly.

Implementing Resistance Training in Secondary Schools: An Exploration of Teachers' Perceptions

ABSTRACT Purpose Schools are considered ideal locations to deliver public health interventions. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine teachers' perspectives regarding reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Resistance Training for Teens (RT for Teens) program to aid in evaluating program translation. Methods Semistructured interviews were completed with a random subsample of 19 teachers who had attended RT for Teens program training. Questions were focused on key translational elements of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework. A hybrid deductive–inductive thematic analysis was conducted to explore teachers' perspectives regarding the effect of RT for Teens. Results RT for Teens had an extensive reach via a number of delivery modes, including physical education, school sport, and elective physical activity courses. Teachers reported high levels of student enjoyment, engagement, and motivation during program delivery. The RT for Teens workshop provided teachers with new knowledge, relevant skills and teaching techniques, and improved confidence to teach health-related fitness activities. Barriers identified by teachers included staffing issues as well as lack of time and motivation (student and teacher). Provision of resources, more specifically the exercise circuit cards, was the main facilitator of program implementation. Most teachers indicated their intention to continue implementing program components, also referring to sharing program resources with fellow staff. However, it is unknown to what extent they were implemented. Conclusions Interviews with teachers have provided rich data to support the translational journey of the RT for Teens program, as it continues to progress through the dissemination phase. Information gathered from these interviews will assist in guiding future improvements in the design and delivery of school-based physical activity interventions. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12615000360516.