School Sports Activities Research Articles

Teachers' and Students' Opinions Regarding the Effects of Climbing and Escalation in Sports Activities

The aim of the study is to highlight the views of teachers and students on the impact of wall climbing in secondary school sports activities. The results of the study are based on the analysis of the answers given by 114 teachers to a 12-item questionnaire and by 234 students to a 6-item questionnaire, completed online during the first half of the school year 2022-2023. Both categories of respondents belong to schools in the counties of Bacau, Vaslui and Suceava. In order to conduct the study, the following methods were used: documentation, survey, analysis and statistical data processing. The analysis of the answers recorded in the two questionnaires revealed that the interviewed respondents believe that climbing and escalation exercises contribute to the development of courage, self-confidence and selfesteem, and that teachers and students are willing to perform such exercises in Physical Education lessons and extracurricular activities.

소규모 초등학교 학생의 방과후학교 스포츠 활동 경험과 교육적 의미

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the after-school sports activity experiences of elementary school students in a small-scale setting and explore the educational implications of these experiences. Methods To achieve this, data were collected from 6 students in grades 3 to 6 who participated in after-school sports activities at a small-scale elementary school during the first semester from March to July 2023. Data col-lection involved participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The data were analyzed us-ing iterative comparative analysis, and the credibility of the research was ensured through triangulation, peer dis-cussions, and confirmation from research participants. Results The students' experience in small-scale elementary school after-school sports activities is described as “Reviving the Spark of Small-Scale School Physical Education.” Due to insufficient preparation in regular physical education classes by homeroom teachers, students had lost interest. In response, after-school sports activities served the purpose of fulfilling the lack of physical activity, bridging care gaps, and providing enjoyable leisure time, positively impacting students' holistic development and self-realization. The educational significance is framed as “Illuminating the Torch of Public Education.” The collaborative format of after-school sports activities facilitated interaction between grade levels, fostering exchange among students. It provided opportunities for mutual learning and motivation between juniors and seniors. Additionally, it contributed to reducing private educa-tion expenses, restoring trust in public education, and offering a broad range of sports experiences. Conclusions The after-school sports activities in small-scale elementary schools provide students with oppor-tunities for growth and development on various levels. Therefore, the activation of physical education activities in small-scale elementary schools is necessary.

A22: Investigation on the Status Quo of Extracurricular Sports Activities in Primary and Secondary Schools of Yan 'An City Before and After COVID-19

Purpose: Since the outbreak of the Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in December 2019, the General Office of the National Health Commission has put forward the epidemic prevention requirements, such as minimizing unnecessary travel. In December 2022, The State Council issued the latest epidemic prevention policy, marking the country's three-year epidemic control policy. In this case, this paper conducted a comparative study on the number of participants, cognition, attitude, motivation, frequency, time and organization of extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools of Yan 'an City before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and analyzed and studied the data obtained. Methods: By consulting relevant information; Conduct targeted interviews with leaders involved in the organization and management of extracurricular sports activities and teachers of related majors; Questionnaires were formulated and distributed, and data of the questionnaires were statistically processed to conduct a comparative study on the status quo before and after the epidemic. 400 students from Yuying Middle School, Yan 'an Middle School, Yan 'an No. 3 Middle School, Yan 'an Vocational and Technical College Affiliated Primary School, Yan 'an New District No. 2 Middle School and Beiguan Primary School were selected as the research objects. According to the research needs, a total of 400 questionnaires were sent out and 392 were recovered with a recovery rate of 98%, among which 386 were valid with a recovery rate of 96.5%. The collected questionnaires can meet the needs of this survey. The questionnaire mainly includes the following questions: the form of PE teaching for PE teachers. Students' attitude, liking, motivation and favorite sports to participate in extracurricular sports activities. How often and how long students participate in extracurricular sports activities each week, and how the school conducts extracurricular sports activities. Results: According to the survey, 62.4% of primary and secondary school students think it is important to take part in extracurricular sports activities; The number of people who like extracurricular sports activities reached 145, accounting for 37.4% of the total, among which 115 were boys. The motivation of primary and middle school students to participate in extracurricular sports activities ranked first: promoting physical and mental health, accounting for 45%; 22.2%, 20.4%, 19.4% and 17.8% of the participants chose Taekwondo, roller skating, football and basketball, while 8.2% and 8.8% of the participants chose Wushu and volleyball. The frequency of participating in extracurricular sports activities is seven to ten times a week, accounting for 32.2% of the total; The number of male students who spend 60-90 minutes on each activity is the largest, accounting for 32.3%, while the number of female students who spend less than 30 minutes on each activity is the largest, accounting for 39.7%. Among primary and middle school students, the main ways to participate in extracurricular sports activities are morning exercise, recess exercise and club activities, accounting for 79%, 79.8% and 49.7% respectively. The quality of school organization directly affects students' interest. During the epidemic, 46.32% of physical education teachers chose to provide students with online physical education courses, 20.18% chose video classes, and only 9.34% chose live classes. Conclusion: With the end of the epidemic, although extracurricular sports activities did not return to the pre-epidemic level, students' attitude, cognition, motivation, and other subjective factors have significantly improved, and they pay more attention to physical health.

Relationship of the number of days of participation in school physical education classes in a week with body mass index, number of hospital treatments for school violence, and mental health status among Korean male adolescents

School sports activities may help address obesity, school violence and mental health issues, which can be considered the biggest issues related to adolescents. However, previous research has not examined the relationship between participation in school physical education classes and obesity, school violence and mental health among adolescents by focusing on the number of days adolescents participate in school physical education classes. Therefore, this study investigated the association of the number of days of participation in physical education classes in a week with body mass index, number of hospital treatments for school violence, and mental health status among Korean male adolescents. Data of 25,749 male Korean adolescents were collected from the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Data collected were analyzed using frequency analyses, chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The results showed that the more Korean male adolescents participate in physical education classes in a week, the more likely they are to become healthy, overweight and obese. The more they participate in physical education classes in a week, the less often they are treated in hospitals for school violence. The more they participate in school physical education classes in a week, the less likely they are to experience suicidal ideation but more likely to feel lonely. Overall, increasing the number of physical education classes can help solve adolescents’ health problems, but they must participate actively and voluntarily in the classes. Efforts must be made to increase their active and voluntary participation.

The Effects of School Life Happiness on Ego-Resilience and Academic Stress of Middle School Students Participation in School Sports Activities

The Effects of School Life Happiness on Ego-Resilience and Academic Stress of Middle School Students Participation in School Sports Activities

Teenagers Sleeping Pattern Affecting their Health

Sleep is a fundamental need. Teenagers need adequate sleep to cope well in everyday life. However, there is no firm evidence on which factors protect or impair teenagers but in today’s era it has been seen that teenager’s don’t fulfill their sleeping requirements. There are various factors responsible for ones not getting enough sleep, such as busy schedules, active social life, going out with friends more, watching late night movies, forgetting the time playing computer games, after school sport activities and homework commitments etc. Sleep affects physical growth, behavior and emotional development besides learning, and attention. Sleep research suggests that a teenager needs between 8 to 9 hour every night. The Objective beside this review was to understand the scope of teenagers sleep patterns, to understand the effect of sleep patterns, examine how much sleep we need, and learn how to improve our quality of sleep. There are many theories concerning the need for sleep. However, what we know has primarily evolved from research studies conducted in animals and humans examining the impact of sleep patterns on the physiological and neurobehavioral system. During sleep create new pathways of the brain that may interfere with the learning memory. The brain of a sleepy person works harder, but performs less. Sleep can be called "food for the brain. If brain gets affected ultimately health gets affected. Lack of sleep not only affects our mental fitness, but also our physical well-being. It endangers our personality in several indirect way. Teenager’s sleep habits tend to change as they enter puberty. The teenage years are a time when the body clock, an internal structure that controls our daily rhythm, undergoes major changes.

Study on the Party’s Sports Practice and Its Contemporary Value in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during the Yan’an Period

In order to improve the physical quality of the soldiers and civilians in the border areas, cultivate athletes on the battlefield, and improve the combat power of the army, Border Region Party and Government actively organized a series of sports practices for the soldiers and civilians in the border areas during the Yan’an period, including mass sports, army sports, and school sports activities. It played a very important role in the defense of the red regime at that time. Now reviewing the sports practice of the Party during the Yan’an period is of great significance for us to promote the construction of a strong sports country, realize the dream of a strong army, and promote the diplomacy of a great country with Chinese characteristics.

Multidimensional Approaches Employed by School Administrators in Promoting Sports Through Appropriating Fund

Fund as part of resources acts as a great pillar towards implementing sports activities in school. The aim of this study was to determine the role of secondary school administrators in appropriating fund for sports. The research was informed by a multiple embedded case study of a qualitative research approach. The findings revealed that school administrators play a crucial role to secure funds with the use of different strategies of getting funds to ensure the execution of sports activities; appropriated funds are from the capitation grants from the government, school self-reliance projects, personal contributions from head of schools and management team, contributions from sponsors and non-governmental institutions as well as support from the community members. The study implies that school administrators should ensure appropriate deployment of the received money from the government, sponsors, and other sports stakeholders as well as having effective mechanism of purchasing fund and make evaluation on the uses of fund received. Additionally, school administrators should be more creative on organizing different sports events, preparing different forums, and request fund support for sports activities.

An Analysis of Judicial Decision on Sports Injury Accidents in Schools and a Study on Risk Avoiding Measures

By using the research methods of judicial case analysis and mathematical statistics analysis, this study analyzes 20 typical cases of school sports injury accidents published by “China Judgements Online”. The findings show that injuries occurred most often to primary and middle school students, and the courts restored the facts of the cases clearly and accurately; in the process of liability attribution, the fault principle, the equity principle and the risk assumption principle were mainly adopted. For the same type of injury accidents, the court decisions were not the same, and in the vast majority of cases, the schools bore civil liabilities. In order to reduce student injury accidents in PE teaching and other sports activities in schools and reduce the liabilities of schools, this study proposes the measures of “one qualified, one insured and nine in place,” that is, “ensuring that equipment is qualified, buying special insurances, teacher training in place, inspections in place, anticipation in place, design in place, cautions in place, protection in place, handling in place, reporting in place and care in place.”

Investment in Sports Talent Management Resources and Pupils’ Participation in Sports in Public Primary Schools in Kenya

Schools which are expected to provide the necessary institutional framework that can support talent development to its highest potential through a holistic learning framework. Sporting talents have, however, for the most part remained poorly managed at the school level where there is evidence that sports subjects are usually less emphasized compared to academic subjects. With the introduction of the competence based curriculum in Kenya in 2017, investments in talent management have demonstrably increased in terms of physical education in public primary schools across the country budget allocation per child per year from Kshs. 11.60 in 2016 for to Kshs. 38.68 in 2019. Therefore, the central question this study sought to answer was whether this investment was adequate to improve pupils participation in sports activities in primary schools in the country. School Wide Enrichment Model guided the investigations. Concurrent triangulation design was used targeting 271 school heads and teachers in charge of games from 68 public primary schools within Nairobi County, Kenya selected through systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) software. The results revealed that most schools in Kenya were still under resourced in terms of sports facilities and the existing ones were poorly maintained. The study, therefore, recommends that there is need for the schools managements to increase investment in sports resources specifically outdoor and indoor facilities and their maintenance.

On the New Era Significance of Children's Interesting Track and Field under the Background of "Double Reduction" Policy

The policy of "double reduction" clearly requires that primary and secondary schools should carry out a variety of popular science, style, art, labor, reading, interest groups and community activities. However, the present situation of extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools in China is not optimistic. Through research, it is found that there is a common problem of "rigid content and form" in extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools in China, and students feel boring and have low enthusiasm for participation. "Children's Fun Track and Field" is a track and field sport that integrates running, jumping and throwing according to students' physical and psychological characteristics. It integrates sports and entertainment, and the forms and contents of sports events are rich and more interesting. Therefore, under the background of "double reduction" policy, it is particularly important to vigorously develop children's interesting track and field events in extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools in order to enrich the content and form of extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools, stimulate students' interest in extracurricular sports activities and improve their enthusiasm for participating in activities. Research methods: By using the method of literature, we know the current difficulties and shortcomings of extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools, as well as the origin and content of children's interesting track and field. Research conclusion: Extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools in China are currently facing the dilemma of single content and form, which can be alleviated by developing children's interesting track and field in extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools. The research suggests that the traditional track and field sports such as walking, running, jumping and throwing should be improved appropriately, so as to enrich its form and content and add interest, thus stimulating students' interest in extracurricular sports activities, improving students' enthusiasm for participating in activities, forming good physical exercise habits and promoting the healthy development of body and mind.

IMPACTOS DO FUTEBOL NA FUNÇÃO EXECUTIVA DE MENINOS COM TDAH

ABSTRACT Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder of genetic causes that appears in childhood. The main manifestations are inattention, hyperactivity, and emotional impulsivity. It is often accompanied by cognitive impairments and learning disabilities that seriously affect children's life, academic and social functions. Objective: Explore the impacts of soccer practice on executive function in boys with ADHD. Methods: Boys were selected from first and second graders in a public elementary school. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, and 8 boys in the control group were recruited according to the age difference of less than half a year. All children participated in various school sports activities, and the experimental group was added to soccer practice for 6 weeks. Results: There was no significant difference in cognitive subfunction between the soccer activity group, the conventional physical education teaching activity group, and the control group; however, the interaction between time and group factors proved to be significant P (4142) = 6.296, F< 0.01, it can be understood that the effect of the time factor on cognitive flexibility varies with different groups. Conclusion: The six-week soccer practice intervention can improve the executive function of 6-8-year-old boys with ADHD, especially inhibition control and cognitive flexibility, but does not represent a significant effect on memory. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

Organization of school sports activities in the Turkish education system

The aim of this research is to reveal the changes in the organization of school sports activities in Turkey. For this purpose, a case study, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In order to reach the research findings, detailed literature research was carried out and attention was paid to the requirement that the data be meaningful within itself in the data collection and analysis processes. In this direction, the consistency between the purpose of the study, data collection tool and data analysis has been taken into consideration all the time. According to research results, although there were different administrative practices in school sports activities after 1923, it was determined that the first planned regulation was prepared in 1939 and 24 different legislative changes have been made so far. In order to carry out school sports activities in Turkey, the legal framework of the organization has been determined in the administrative and practical dimension. Especially in the practice of school sports activities, students were categorized according to their age and physical appearance, and according to this categorization in the legislation, it was determined which students could participate in activities in which sports branches.

The relationship between smartphone dependence, physical awareness, and mental health according to participation in extra curicular sports activities in elementary schools in Pandemic

본 연구는 COVID-19로 인한 팬데믹 상황 속에서 초등학생의 과외체육활동이 스마트폰 의존성과 신체인식, 정신건강에 미치는 차이를 실증적으로 규명하기 위해 인천 지역의 초등학교 5-6학년 250명을 대상으로 스마트폰의존성, 신체인식, 정신건강에 대해 설문하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 독립표본 T검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과외체육활동 참여 여부에 따른 스마트폰의존성과 신체인식은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 그러나 정신건강의 경우에는 하위요인 중 외적 표출에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 과외체육활동 참여 초등학생의 성별에 따라서는 신체인식의 하위요인인 스포츠유능감에서, 정신건강의 하위요인인 외적 표출에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 학년에 따른 스마트폰 의존성은 스마트폰 의존성의 하위요인인 스마트폰 불안과 정신건강의 하위요인인 외적 표출에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 과외체육활동의 유형에 따라서는 모든 요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 미루어볼 때 팬데믹 상황 속에서도 과외체육활동은 스마트폰 의존성을 줄여주고, 신체인식과 정신건강에 도움을 준다는 것을 알 수 있다.

Decreases in pediatric fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic - a nationwide epidemiological cohort study.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to fundamental changes in daily routines of children. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of fractures among Israeli children during 2020 compared with 2015–2019. Demographic, clinical data, and incidence rates of fractures in individuals aged < 18 years were derived from the electronic database of Meuhedet Health Services, which provides healthcare services to 1.2 million people in Israel. We further subdivided the year to five periods according to government regulations of lockdown and isolation at each period. Fracture sites were determined according to ICD9 definitions. During 2020, 10,701 fractures occurred compared with 12,574 ± 599 fractures per year during 2015–2019 (p-value < 0.001). Fracture rates were lower during all periods in 2020. The largest decline was observed during the first lockdown for both boys (56% decline, 95% confidence interval [CI] 52–60%) and girls (47% decline CI 41–53%). While the fracture rate declined for most age groups, the largest decline was recorded for the age group 11–14 years, with significant reduction rates of 66% (CI 59–71%) for boys and 65% (CI 54–73%) for girls. The most prominent declines were of fractures of the hand bones of both boys and girls (64% and 59%, respectively). Conclusions: Our data showed a significant decrease in fracture rate in 2020 compared to the previous 5 years, as well as differences between periods within that year.What is New:•The COVID-19 pandemic led to fundamental change in daily routines of children with significant decrease in school attendance and sport activities.•Consequent to these public health measures, the incidence rate of pediatric fractures decreased significantly.What is New:•This study demonstrates declines in fracture rates during lockdown periods, with only partial reversing of the trends between the lockdown periods.•The most pronounced decline was observed during the first lockdown period.•The decline was most prominent in children aged 11-14 years; there was no significant change in fracture incidence of children aged <3 years.

Covid-19 pandemic and school sporting activities in Ghana: The perceived impacts on students well-being

The Coronavirus pandemic has extremely affected various activities worldwide including school sports. Despite this, little has been done on the consequences of the cancellation of school sporting activities due to the pandemic on the well-being of students. The present study ascertained how cancellation of school sports due to the Covid-19 pandemic influenced the general well-being of students and suggested appropriate interventions to bring back school sports. The purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from Nineteen (19) Senior High School Student` athletes through semi-structured interviews. The data collection tool was created on seven themes: sports programmes, sedentary activities, impacts of the pandemic on sports, sports opportunities, impacts of sports on students` well-being, consequences, and measures to bring back school sports. Content analysis procedures were the main analytical technique. The findings revealed that students are faced with physical, psychological, emotional, economic, mental, and social health challenges. Consequently, students have gained weight, lost scholarship opportunities and friends, and go through fear and anxiety. Therefore, appropriate measures and directives such as; reduction in the number of spectators at stadiums, fumigation of stadiums, vaccination of students, and testing and quarantine are recommended to be followed to help bring back the school sports.

The Effectiveness Of School Sports Activities In Identifying And Eliminating The Phenomena Of School Bullying In Babylon Province

The Effectiveness Of School Sports Activities In Identifying And Eliminating The Phenomena Of School Bullying In Babylon Province

Development Of Life Skill Through School Sport Activities

This study aims to determine the results ofDevelopment Life Skills Through School Sports Activities. The research method used is development research from Borg and Gall which has been varied, namely (1) conducting preliminary studies, (2) model development plans, (3) initial model development, (4) revision of validation results (5) field trials small group, (6) revision of trial results (final product). The instrument used in this study used a questionnaire to measure life skills, namely thetest or LSSS Life Skills Scale for Sport(Life Skills Scale for Sport) made by Cronin &amp; Allen (2017), which was then adapted by researchers according to research needs. The data analysis of this study used a quantitative method with descriptive statistics with assistance (SPSS). The results of the explanation above are expected to develop life skills that will help students in their daily lives, be able to have life skills to maintain positive relationships both for individuals and with others and be able to overcome any problems that come up properly and effectively through sports activities.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESOURCES AND SCHOOL SPORTS PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY

The study primary aim was to assess relationship between resources (human, financial &amp; material resources) and school sports programs. The population of this research study included all female principals and all female PETs. The scholars used self-made questionnaire; so, it was a Likert-type questionnaire. Items' internal consistency was assessed by the researcher. Cronbach's Alpha was used to determine significant effect against the set hypothesis (P-value and = 0.05). The study came to conclusion that resources had a substantial impact on sports program in the government high schools for females. The school administration may be interested in sports arrangements and provide professional and experienced sports staff. The administration may purchase sports goods under supervision of skillful and experienced experts. Through connection with parents, administration can assure the school excursions and sports activities for students, and instructors may explain the benefits of trips to parents in order to get their support and may provide a sufficient budget for sports activities and ensure that sports budget utilizes on sports program and skilled staff, according to sports budget may be appointed to polish the skills of sports girls.

관산 조철호 선생의 민족교육과 체육활동

이 연구의 목적은 관산 조철호 선생의 업적을 통해 일제강점기 민족애몽운동과 학교체육교육 발전에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지 살펴보는 것이다. 이에 관산 조철호 선생의 기고문, 사진자료, 기타 관련 자료를 활용했다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다 첫째, 관산 선생은 독립운동가이자 소년운동가이다. 1919년 3·1운동과 1926년 6·10학생 만세운동을 주도했으며, 조선소년군 창설을 통해 우리나라 스카우트 역사의 시초가 됐다. 둘째, 관산 선생은 학교체육 발전에 이바지한 교육자이자 체육인이다. 체육수업에서 병식체조(兵式體操)를 강조한 관산 선생은 독립운동을 위해 강건한 신체와 건장한 정신을 강조한다. 그리고 중앙학교 체육교사로 재직 당시, 초기 시행된 전국체전 야구와 축구 종목에 학교대표로 출전한 학생들을 지도·인솔한 체육교사였으며, 우리나라 최초로 조정부를 창단하여 수상스포츠의 초기 기반을 형성했다. 따라서 본 연구는 스포츠 인물사 연구 영역을 확대시키고, 체육사에서 묻혀질 수 있었던 한 인물의 업적을 기리고 규명하는데 가치가 있다.