School Sports Activities Research Articles

Effect of a Specific Training Programme on Development of Soccer Playing Ability of 14 Year Old Young Soccer Players

The game soccer is the world’s most popular team game. High level of conditioning programme is required for better performance. Today sports performance is complex in nature. High level of performance depends not only on fitness but also on individual skill along with technique and tactics. To assess the impact of specific training programme on development of physical fitness and soccer playing ability 18 players were selected from inter district school championship to form experimental group. Similarly 18 players were selected from inter school championship to form control group. Experimental group was given some specific treatment for six weeks but control group had no specific training programme but they used to take part in regular school sports activities. After analyzing pre and post test data of experimental and control group, it was found that the experimental group sigficantly improved their fitness level and soccer playing ability whereas the control group failed to show any improvement than the pre test data. Specific fitness training programme had pronounced influence on soccer playing ability over and above fitness development.

Incidence of fractures among children and adolescents in rural and urban communities - analysis based on 9,965 fracture events.

BackgroundPrevious work has explored the significance of residence on injuries. A number of articles reported higher rates of injury in rural as compared to urban settings. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of residency on the occurrence of fractures among children and adolescents within a region in northern Sweden.MethodsIn a population based study with data from an injury surveillance registry at a regional hospital, we have investigated the importance of sex, age and place of residency for the incidence of fractures among children and adolescents 0-19 years of age using a Poisson logistic regression analysis. Data was collected between 1998 and 2011.ResultsThe dataset included 9,965 cases. Children and adolescents growing up in the most rural communities appeared to sustain fewer fractures than their peers in an urban municipality, risk ratio 0.81 (0.76-0.86). Further comparisons of fracture rates in the urban and rural municipalities revealed that differences were most pronounced for sports related fractures and activities in school in the second decade of life.ConclusionResults indicate that fracture incidence among children and adolescents is affected by place of residency. Differences were associated with activity at injury and therefore we have discussed the possibility that this effect was due to the influence of place on activity patterns.The results suggest it is of interest to explore how geographic and demographic variables affect the injury pattern further.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2197-1714-1-14) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Barriers to Delivering Extracurricular School Sport and Physical Activity in Wales: A Qualitative Study of 5x60 Officers’ Views and Perspectives

In light of recent reports, schools must be realistic in that physical activity recommendations cannot be met through curriculum PE alone. However, extracurricular PE and school sport has the potential to further promote physical activity in adolescents. Consequently, the Welsh Government, UK, proposed through its Climbing Higher strategy (2006) for secondary school children to achieve 60 minutes of physical activity a day. This was implemented through Sport Wales and the 5×60 scheme. This study aimed to examine the experiences of the 5×60 officers responsible for implementing the program, with a view to gain an understanding of the barriers associated with increasing participation in physical activity. Officers from 14 unitary authorities across Wales were interviewed using a socioecological approach that considered the impact of: personal behaviors, physical environment, social environment, and policy. Participants reported a number of challenges affecting the delivery of the program, including: availability of facilities, lack of support from senior management, time, and conflict with PE staff. This study suggests that current methods used by personnel to facilitate extracurricular school sport may not be the most appropriate, and future direction should consider the place and contribution of physical activity to young people's lives.

部活動と総合型地域スポーツクラブの関係構築動向をめぐる批判的検討：「失敗事例」からみえてきた教員文化の諸相をもとに

With the enforcement of various sport policies with a focus on strategic and comprehensive community sport clubs promotion, debate over the management form of extracurricular activities in Japan has been more focused on the trend of relationship-building both inside and outside of school. In this study, we discuss the validity of the club management form that is centered on activities inside the school, in an attempt to critically consider relationship-building trends. For this, we examine cases where a relationship has been initially formed, but then dissolved, by means of an interview survey with some teachers involved. The relationships formed in comprehensive community sport clubs and extracurricular activities were achieved through the aggressive behavior of a single health and physical education teacher. Many school teachers in Japan feel responsible for the day-to-day club guidance. Therefore, cooperation with school sport activities outside the school is also open to other teachers. However, with regard to relationships with out-of-school activities, the consciousness of teachers began to change. In this study I confirmed the occupational culture of teachers, which involved “complicated efforts to build up relationships with local residents”, “a sense of extracurricular activities in school education,” and “indifference to out-of-school activities”. In fact, building relationships between comprehensive community sport clubs and extracurricular activities ended in failure. Thus study has highlighted a drawback of current sports policy content in Japan. Current sport aims at the creation of a sports environment in all regions, including schools. However, no consideration seems to be given to the viewpoint of teachers who have supported sport in school. As long as there is no form of club management where teachers are indispensable, the situation in Japan would appear to be difficult.

Participation of Muslim Female Students in Sporting Activities in Australian Public High Schools: The Impact of Religion

This paper looks at the participation of Muslim female students in sporting activities in Australian public high schools. Specifically, the study examines how Muslim female students interpret their participation in school sporting activities and how their Islamic background influences the way they perceive their engagement within the school environment. This paper also argues that Muslim girls' participation in school sporting activities is influenced by the struggle between their identity as Muslims, Islamic dress codes and the sporting requirements. Initially, the paper will examine the importance of sporting activities in the general development of adolescent students, as well as shows how Muslim students view their Islamic identity and what implication this view may have on their engagement in sports. Furthermore, the paper will discuss the struggle between the Islamic identity of female Muslim students and Australian school sporting requirements in light of two important Islamic teachings: (i) dress code and (ii) mixing or interaction with the opposite sex.

Reduction of exercise capacity in children from summer to winter is associated with lower sporting activity: a serial study

Declining activity in children over the past decades is thought to be one of the main risk factors for an early development of exercise intolerance and obesity. Taking this background into account, this prospective study investigated the seasonal change of children's physical activity and its association with objective measures of exercise capacity. A total of 96 children from two schools in Munich (42 girls, age 12.4 ± 0.8 y) underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and an assessment of their daily activities (school sport, club sport, leisure sport) twice. Baseline testing was conducted in summer 2011. Follow-up examination was performed during winter 2012. From summer to winter, self-reported sporting activity decreased from 10.6 ± 4.1 to 8.5 ± 4.3 h/wk (P < 0.001) as school sport (P < 0.001) and leisure sport activities (P = 0.002) decreased, but the activity associated with club sport did not (P = 0.700). In parallel, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) declined from 102.0 ± 17.5 to 96.9 ± 17.9 % of predicted (P < 0.001). This decline in VO2 was associated with a reduction in overall sporting activity (r = 0.234; P < 0.032). Enhancing sporting activity in children during winter might be important to maintaining their exercise capacity.

Educação física escolar, atividade desportiva e atividade física total em adolescentes

Less than half of adolescents reach the recommended300 minutes per week of physical activity (PA). Physical educationclasses and sports participation provideopportunities for adolescents to accumulate moretime for PA practice; however, littleis known about the influence of these variables onthe level of total physical activity ofadolescents. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the association between the practiceof physical education (PE) in schools and sportsactivities (SA) with the practice oftotal PA of adolescents. The study wascross-sectional and involved 467 adolescents ofhigh school (15.8 ± 0.9 years-old) from the city ofRio Claro, in the State of São Paulo. Participants completed the Physical ActivityQuestionnaire to Older Children (PAQ-C)and questions related to the practice of PE and SAin schools. We performed a logisticregression with p&lt;0.05 using SPSS. Girls hadlower prevalence of PA than boys, 9.4% and26.8%, respectively. Boys who did not participateof PE classes (OR=0.25, CI95%=0.09-0.66) and SA in schools (OR=0.34, CI95%=0.12-0.95)were less likely to be active in PAthan boys who practiced these activities. Theparticipation in PE classes or engagementin some SA were positively associated with thepractice of total PA in boys.

Peer-assisted learning in school physical education, sport and physical activity programmes: a systematic review

Background: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a teaching strategy utilised in both the general classroom and physical education. Through the interaction with same-age or cross-age peers, learning can occur across various domains.Purpose: This review aimed to identify school-based PAL interventions and assess the tutor training provided, as well as the capacity of interventions to influence skill performance, physical activity and physical education participation, health and nutrition behaviours and anthropometric outcomes.Data collection: A systematic review of databases yielded 19 papers reporting PAL in school physical education, sport or physical activity programmes.Results: Only four randomised controlled trials were identified in this review and only two other studies had control groups. Nine of the 19 studies reported significant findings; the implementation of PAL in a range of different physical education and physical activity contexts led to a diverse range of outcomes. Tutor training varied considerably; 13 of the 19 studies provided some training.Conclusions: Despite support for and success of PAL in other subject areas within schools, there have been few interventions implemented and vigorously evaluated within school physical education, sport or physical activity programmes. There is a need for future research to consider the duration and quality of tutor training in addition to measuring outcomes for both the tutee and tutor. Importantly, the adaptability of PAL across a range of settings provides scope for future research to assess its ability to impact on children and adolescents within a range of healthy lifestyle interventions both inside and outside the school environment.

Program content of teaching physical education in order to prevent violence in educational institutions

The primary goal of this paper is to show the capacity of the program content of physical education in the implementation of the third specific objective of the Framework Action Plan for the Prevention of Violence in Educational Institutions. Ministry of Education brought this plan in January 2009. The third specific objective of the Framework Action Plan: Provide preventive and protective role of school sport and sporting activities of students. This paper examines the extent to which this goal is achieved, trough regular classes, after-school and extracurricular activities of physical education; indicates the capacity of the teaching field in the creation and development of a safe and supportive environment in the institution; sees level of participation by experts, council and teams in the design and implementation of sports activities in school and the extent to which these activities are implemented in the institution documents, plans and programs of experts, and larger teams; it is the sustainability of these activities achieved in school practices and also to strengthen the competence of teachers in supporting the development of students personality, communication and collaboration. In order to complete document association of council, experts and teams in the institution, there has been an insight into the school curriculum, the development plan, annual plan of the institution, protection program community of students, the curriculum of a school parliament, council of parents, higher vocational and physical education teachers and report on the implementation of the protection program. In order to document by empirical data the capacity of the teaching areas in the function of preventing violence, a sample of 46 primary schools in Sumadija area, evaluation of the implementation of sports and sports activities students in programming classes of physical education, was executed. By these results, it can be concluded that in teaching methods is not fully brought to life to use programs of physical education in the development of a safe and supportive environment in the institution. School program as a background document does not contain possible extra-curricular and after-school activities in the programming of physical education, which realization would explicitly encouraged the construction of a safe and secure environment in the institution. Annual plans of the institution does not include the activities of The Framework Action Plan for the Prevention of Violence in Educational Institutions. Plans and Programs of the Students' Parliament and the Parents Council does not consider and suggest sports activities that are directed toward creating a safe environment in the institution. Team for students safety in their prevention activities did not recognize the importance and contribution to school sport and recreational activities in creating a tolerant atmosphere. Expert council of physical education teachers is failing to implement school sport and sporting activities and effectively integrate and link them with a team of student safety within a school in order to prevent violence at the facility and at sport events. Sustainability of these activities in practice is not achieved.

Abstract 19536: Primary and Secondary Prevention of Athletic Sudden Cardiac Death in Suffolk County Public High Schools, New York

Optimal strategies to prevent and treat SCD (Sudden Cardiac Death) in student athletes remain debatable. To identify students at risk of SCD, American Heart Association (AHA) has recommended a 12-point pre-participation evaluation (PPE) tool. NY State laws require the presence of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) during high school sports activities. Aim: To examine (1) adherence to AHA’s 12 element PPE (2) presence, training and implementation of AEDs in Suffolk County public schools. Methods: In 2010, voluntary surveys were sent out to 53 public school districts in Suffolk County. Each district’s PPE forms were requested to evaluate adherence to AHA recommendations. AED survey included its presence, training and use. Results: A total of 52 districts responded to PPE request (response rate 98.1%). No districts used all 12 elements in their forms; 11 districts (21.5%) used no elements; majority (35 districts, 67.31%) used ≤ 4 elements. Maximum number of elements used was 8 in 19 districts (15.38%). Most frequently used element was syncope (57.9%). Each elements frequency is tabulated. 27 districts completed AED survey (response rate 50.9%). Each school had at least 2 AEDs (range 2-34, mean 19.2); students per AED was 70.9. Coaches (92.6%) were mostly to be trained in AED formally followed by 85.2% of school nurses, 51.9% of security staff, 32.14% of teachers, and 17.85% of students. A total 25 districts (89.29%) had emergency response plan, 26 (92.85%) had access to early defibrillation, 21 (75%) had practiced emergency response plan. There was no significant correlation between number of AEDs in a school and number of AHA elements used in PPE forms (ρ = -0.3251, P &lt; 0.2567). CONCLUSION: In the absence of legislation mandating implementation of the AHA PPE tool, suboptimal adherence persists. In contrast, implementation of AEDs appears more promising. Future management guidelines should focus on broader AED training of students and teachers.

An Integrated Project on Sports Training in Preschool, Elementary and Secondary Education Institutions

To establish a healthier community structure, it is required to improve sports activities in schools. In Turkey the sport training in elementary and secondary schools is not effective in mastering any branch of sports. Furthermore, there are not enough sport facilities in these schools. Yet, there are city sports facilities deemed inefficient due to lack of clients. According to the proposed project to implement sports courses more beneficial and efficient is developed an integrated project on sports training in schools and city sports facilities. The case model is based on data coming from educational institutions in Konya-.Eregli district.

The relationship between out-of-school sport participation and positive youth development

Carreres-Ponsoda F, Escarti A, Cortell-Tormo JM, Fuster-Lloret V, Andreu-Cabrera E. The relationship between out-of-school sport participation and positive youth development. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 671-683, 2012. Despite growing evidence that participation in out-of-school activities and especially physical activity and sport programs facilitates positive development, little developmental research has been conducted on out-of-school sports programs compared with no participation in these activities or participation in other activities. Our study examined the participation of youth in out of school sport activities compared with participation in other out-of-school activities and the influences in self-efficacy, prosocial behaviour and personal and social responsibility. Results showed that youth participating in out-of-school sport programs have significant higher levels in self-efficacy, prosocial behavior and personal and social responsibility respect to those adolescents participating in other activities or among those who do not practice in any kind activity. Key words: OUT OF SCHOOL SPORT ACTIVITIES, POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, SELF-EFFICACY, PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.

Adolescents and school sport: the relationship between beliefs, social support and physical self-perception

Background: Physical activity declines during adolescence and strategies to combat this occurrence are both educational and public health priorities. Schools have been identified as central institutions for the promotion of physical activity among youth. While physical education is considered to be the major vehicle for physical activity promotion in the school setting, school sport provides another important opportunity to engage youth in physical activity. Little is known about students' beliefs about the value of school sport. Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to explore the relationship between students' beliefs about school sport, social support received during school sport and physical self-esteem in adolescents. Participants and setting: The sample included 249 adolescents (126 boys and 123 girls) from 10 secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. The mean age of students was 14.1 (± 1.6) years. Research design: Cross-sectional. Data collection and analysis: Participants completed a detailed questionnaire assessing participation in school sport, school sport beliefs, perceived social support for school sport and physical self-esteem using the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP). Independent samples t-tests were used to examine gender and age differences and hierarchical regression was used to determine the relationship between students' school sport beliefs, social support received during school sport and physical self-esteem. Separate analyses were conducted for boys and girls. Findings: Both boys and girls considered school sport an important opportunity to be physically active. Students believed ‘enjoyment’ and selecting activities with their friends were the most important reasons for selecting school sport activities. Boys reported significantly higher levels of perceived physical strength (F = 1.58, p < 0.05), sport competence (F = 0.28, p < 0.001), physical condition (F = 0.36, p < 0.01), body attractiveness (F = 1.76, p < 0.01), and physical self-worth (F = 3.32, p < 0.05). The model predicting boys' beliefs about school sport explained 17% of the variance (F = 4.08, p < 0.01) and the only statistically significant predictor was school sport social support (β = 0.25, p < 0.01). Similarly, school sport social support (β = 0.31, p < 0.01) was also the only significant predictor in the girls' model which accounted for 28% of the variance in school sport beliefs (F = 6.46, p < 0.001). Discussion: Students who recognised the value of school sport also reported higher levels of social support for school sport. School sport is an ideal opportunity for the promotion of physical activity and programs may be improved with increased diversity and choice for students. Furthermore, higher levels of teacher support and modelling may contribute to improved student outcomes for school sport programs.

School-related injuries: a retrospective 5-year evaluation.

Children and adolescents spend up to 50% of their time at school. The purpose of this study was to assess injury patterns of school accidents (along with their treatment) in the trauma center of a German university hospital, and to compare these data to those in the literature. All school accidents treated in a level 1 pediatric trauma center over a five-year period were statistically analyzed in a retrospective manner by chart review. There were 1,399 school accidents that were treated in our department. Average age of the injured person was 11.8 years, with a boy:girl ratio of 3:2. Almost 40% of the injuries occurred during school sports. The most frequently injured region was the upper extremity, including the hand (36.8%). Distortion and contusion was the most frequent diagnosis among all injuries. Sixteen percent of the cases had to be treated surgically and/or under general anesthesia, and 16% of the patients had to be admitted to the hospital. It can be concluded that special attention must be paid during school sporting activities and breaks because they account for most of the accidents. Traffic education may reduce severe injuries. Specific knowledge of the growing long bones of the upper extremity and the hand is important for the diagnosis and treatment of school accidents.

Empfehlungen zur sportlichen Betätigung von Patienten mit idiopathischen Skoliosen

Presented is the recommendation of the "Arbeitskreis Skoliose" of the DGOT concerning the sporting activities for juvenile patients suffering from an idiopathic scoliosis. The main points of this concept are the desirable active participation in school sport activities and the ascertainment that restrictions are not necessary in scolioses up to 21 degrees. A special recommendation for operated patients predicates the begin of sport activities after ohne year postoperatively. The kind of sport must be recommended by the surgeon, high-performance sports cannot be tolerated in those patients. Precondition for these recommendations are regularly physical examinations by the orthopedic physician and standardized x-rays in standing position.

Participation in sports and physical activity of haemophilia patients

Modern therapy options offer haemophiliacs more and more possibilities for an active participation in sports. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the attitude of these patients towards sports, their participation in school and leisure time sports activities, and differences between juveniles and adults. We investigated 44 children and adolescents (aged from 4 to 16 years) and 27 adults (aged from 18 to 72 years) with haemophilia by means of a questionnaire. 79.6% of the juvenile patients participated always or almost always in school sports, while this percentage was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the former school time of the adults (37%). Sports play an important or very important role in leisure time activities for 75% of the adolescent and 55.5% of the adult haemophiliacs (P < 0.05). Bleeding complications occurred in 17.6% of all patients; there was no correlation with any particular type of sports. There were only slight differences between both groups, regarding their motivation to participate in sports activities. The main reasons involved social aspects and having fun. The results show that the modern therapy of haemophilia probably leads to a more positive attitude towards sports and to a wider spectrum of practised sports. This, however, may be associated with an increasing potential of health risks, which require a high level of sports medical care.

Ewha High School's Sports Activities in Modern Korea

Ewha High School's Sports Activities in Modern Korea

Hochauflösende Sonographie zur Erkennung von Fingerverletzungen beim Sportklettern: High frequency Sonography in the detection of finger injuries in Sport climbing

Sport climbing shows an increasing popularity, including even school sport activity on high climbing levels. Climbing related injuries are predominantly located in fingers/ hands ("climber's finger"), and can present as annular pulley rupture or more common as overuse injury. Beside clinical examination imaging modalities such as MRI and high frequency sonography have shown to allow for detection of climbing related injuries. High frequency sonography enables for exact differential diagnosis of climbing related finger/hand injuries and therefore plays a central role in adequate therapeutic management.

Differences in behavior, psychological factors, and environmental factors associated with participation in school sports and other activities in adolescence.

This study examined whether participation in school team sports, exclusively or in combination with other extracurricular activities, is associated with higher levels of psychosocial functioning and healthy behavior than participation in other extracurricular activities alone or nonparticipation. The study sample includes 50,168 ninth grade public school students who completed an anonymous, voluntary statewide survey in 2001. Students were classified into four groups based on their participation in sports and other activities (such as clubs, volunteer work, band, choir, or music lessons): neither, both, other activities only, and sports only. Odds ratios for the group involved in both types of activities were significantly higher than those for all the other groups for all healthy behaviors and measures of connectedness, and significantly lower for all but one of the unhealthy behaviors. Students involved in sports, alone or in combination with other activities, had significantly higher odds than the other two groups for exercise, milk consumption, and healthy self-image, and significantly lower odds for emotional distress, suicidal behavior, family substance abuse, and physical and sexual abuse victimization. Students involved in other activities, alone or in combination with sports, had significantly higher odds than the other two groups for doing homework and significantly lower odds for alcohol consumption, marijuana use, and vandalism. The finding that abuse victims appeared to avoid sports but not other group activities raises concern and merits further research. Considering the potential benefits of participation in sports and other activities, more research is needed to identify and overcome barriers or deterrents, particularly for youth from low-income families.

Risks of head injury in school sporting activities

Risks of head injury in school sporting activities