This study aims to examine the cognitive structures of middle school 5th-grade students in terms of interdisciplinary concepts (conservation, direction and climate). This study is designed as a descriptive scanning model. The research data are collected using a word association test. The sample of the study consists of 212 5th-grade students from two different secondary schools (one public, the other private) in Gaziantep. As a result of the research, conclusions have been reached that responses related to weather are produced mostly for the concept of climate, that responses related to conserving water and electricity are produced mostly for the concept of conservation, and that responses related to the compass points are produced mostly for the concept of direction. In addition, the key concepts are determined to have been structured separately and to have no interconnections.