Expertise Of Scholars Research Articles

Russian

The problem of the essence, functions and margins of applicability of the inductive method in science is in the focus of attention of S.A. Lebedev's book analyzing this issue in the perspective of scientific knowledge development. Within the broad panorama of cultural tradition, the book under the review traces back the main stages of philosophical approach to inductive reasoning as a tool of scientific thought from Antiquity up to the contemporary stage of its evolution. The author reveals in detail the mainstream of competition of inductive and deductive methodology in classical modernity science prior the advent of non-classical science that proved the limits of induction on the empirical level of research, as well as its inability to serve as a strategy of theoretical discovery. Discussing the debate between the neo-inductivist methodological platform and its opponents, the author further moves to his own evaluation of induction application limits and prospects on the current stage of science development. Upon discussing different versions of induction philosophical justification, he offers his own praxiological approach to this issue. Combining the depth of scholarly insight into the problem and popular style of coverage of complicated questions, S.A. Lebedev's book may attract the attention of scholarly experts, students, as well as a wider audience interested in science methodology.

Polska literatura Zagłady. Odsłona pierwsza: 1939-1968

The text is a critical attempt discussing the compendium Literatura polska wobec Zaglady, (“Polish Literature in the Face of the Holocaust”) edited and published by three prominent scholarly experts on the subject: Slawomir Buryla, Dorota Krawczynska and Jacek Leociak. This is the first of the three volumes of the series Reprezentacje Zaglady w kulturze polskiej (“Representations of the Holocaust in Polish Culture”) – an endeavour which is imposing already in its first instalment concerning the years 1939-1968. The time frame of the abovementioned volume is marked by the date of the beginning of World War II (1939), resulting in the Holocaust of the Jews of Europe, and a “dry pogrom”, that is was the anti-Semitic campaign in Poland in 1968 (the campaign itself and its writings shall be examined in the following volume). A comprehensive and very carefully prepared monograph has been divided into two fundamental parts: concerning the literature reacting to the Holocaust conducted by Nazi Germany during the war (1939-1945) and discussing the literary echoes of that genocide in the years 1945-1968. The study and invaluable interpretational effort have been focused on personal document literature (Marta Janczewska, Jacek Leociak), the prose (Slawomir Buryla, Dorota Krawczynska), the poetry (Piotr Matywiecki) and the press (Ewa Koźminska-Frejlak). A separate chapter has been devoted to a the “global text”, i.e., Archiwum Ringelbluma (“Ringelblum’s Archives”). Highly appreciating the entire volume as well as its individual fragments, recalling fundamental considerations and the ones concerning details, finally, proposing small corrections and pointing to minor shortcomings, the author of the critical review suggests the use of the formula “Polish literature of the Holocaust” (analogous to the formula coined by Grzegorz Niziolek “Polish theatre of the Holocaust”) as the one principally necessary to be contrasted with the formula “Polish literature of war and occupation”.

Academics for International Criminal Justice: The Role of Legal Scholars in Creating and Sustaining a New Legal Field

The article is a sociological investigation into the crucial role of legal academics in the professional mobilization that characterized the creation and development of international criminal justice. Analyzing the different stages in the evolution of international criminal law culminating with the striking proliferation of the new ad hoc tribunals since the 1990s and the creation of the first permanent international criminal court (ICC) in 2002, the article highlights the pivotal role of legal academics in defining and championing this form of law by placing themselves in a double role as both legal consultants and scholarly experts in the nascent field of international criminal justice. Investing professionally in the creation and development of international criminal justice, this role as double agents allowed groups of academics to have a significant impact on the genesis and evolution of international criminal justice as a scientific discipline as well as an innovative legal practice that has remained a controversial element in global governance.

The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War

Consisting of 34 essays by an equal number of scholarly experts from around the globe, The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War should prove an invaluable resource for specialists and students alike. The essays explore a wide range of topics. Eschewing a standard chronological approach, editors Richard H. Immerman and Petra Goedde have organized the volume around geographical and thematic topics. Every major region of the world is covered, as is almost every conceivable topic—from the standard ones (geopolitics, economics, the nuclear revolution) to those that have become fashionable more recently (race, gender and women's rights, the environment, transnationalism, globalization, and the religious Cold War, among them).One of the book's many strengths is that the contributors do not speak with a single voice. Rather, they represent a diversity of viewpoints and perspectives, including an opening essay by Akira Iriye that takes a contrarian stance, arguing for the relative unimportance of the Cold War compared to other global developments during the twentieth century's second half—such as globalization and the emergence of a human rights regime. The authors have positioned the volume, in their words, “at the intersection of boundaries that divide many cold war histories and historians” (p. 3). Yet three guiding precepts run through the various chapters. First, many of the individual authors stress the global dimensions of the Cold War, emphasizing the agency of small states as well as non-state actors, thus moving well beyond the traditional concentration on superpower relations. Second, the essays taken together help overcome the tendency to separate the political, economic, ideological, and cultural spheres as distinct; the inextricable links between those spheres emerge clearly here. Third, many of the essayists highlight the tight connections between domestic and international developments, showing how the Cold War was influenced by and in turn influenced domestic forces.As with any edited collection, some essays stand out for their freshness and analytical rigor. Naoko Shibusawa's essay on “Ideology, Culture, and the Cold War,” for example, provides the most concise and sophisticated explication I have yet seen of that important subject. She regards ideologies of race, gender, and maturity as mutually reinforcing “notions of modernity” that shaped U.S. and Soviet attitudes and policies, and portrays the Cold War as a struggle between “competing exceptionalist claims” emanating from Moscow as well as Washington (pp. 39, 41). Cary Fraser, in his contribution on “Decolonization and the Cold War,” offers an equally provocative and persuasive explication of that critical historical phenomenon. “Decolonization,” he writes, “was thus project, process, and outcome of the search for a replacement for the quest for North Atlantic hegemony that had shaped the imperialism that preceded 1945 and the bipolar vision of the leaders of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact that emerged after 1945” (pp. 471472). John Prados's outstanding synthesis of “Cold War Intelligence History” and Vladislav Zubok's explication of the intersection between power and culture in Soviet strategy also deserve to be singled out for commendation. Among the regional essays, the contributions on the Middle East, by Salim Yaqub; South Asia, by Andrew J. Rotter; and Japan, by Antony Best, are especially noteworthy. Campbell Craig's masterful, succinct essay on the role of nuclear weapons in the Cold War also stands out.Other essays prove more descriptive than analytical, and a few border on the superficial, including the entries on geopolitics, on Africa, on international institutions, and on economics.Yet the volume contains far more strong essays than weak ones. Overall, the collection stands as a magnificent achievement. Its breadth and its helpful bibliographical aids alone make this a must-have volume. The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War belongs on the bookshelf of every serious scholar of the Cold War.

Valoración no monetaria de unidades de paisaje en la zona maya de Quintana Roo, México

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el valor local del paisaje en ejidos de la zona maya de Quintana Roo. Se utilizó un método de valoración no-monetaria, el cual se basa tanto en la opinión de grupos comunitarios como de expertos académicos. Además, se apoyó en la observación participante, entrevistas a fondo y talleres comunitarios. Los resultados muestran que, en opinión de los entrevistados, el monte alto fue la unidad de paisaje más valorada y la sabana la menos valorada. Lo anterior coincide con el potencial que tienen las unidades para satisfacer las necesidades de subsistencia de las comunidades mayas estudiadas.

The Antiquities Market: It's All in a Price

Antiquities have cultural and economic value. Scholarly experts create cultural value, and by creating cultural value they also unintentionally establish economic value. So although antiquities are collected as culturally-important objects, they have also been bought for investment purposes as tangible assets, though with mixed results. Collectors and investors must face the problem of how to assess accurately the cultural and economic value of an antiquity, though again the intervention of scholarly experts is crucial. Scholars themselves benefit financially from even indirect involvement with the antiquities market, and their work can be appropriated and exploited financially as intellectual property. Antiquities trading is often illicit, and in such conditions profits made from the antiquities market are proceeds of crime, though that fact is generally overlooked.

ARTHUR F. KINNEY (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare

IF I search Amazon.com for the words ‘Shakespeare’ and ‘handbook’ on 1 December 2013 I get 512 results. Of course a number of these are the recycling of very old material with the intention of making money off the unsuspecting reader, but several are very good indeed, and so the book under review here has some stiff competition. It is certainly one of the larger entries in the field with 845 pages of text of various kinds produced by 42 scholarly experts in various fields. And the idea of a companion or handbook to Shakespeare comprised of such essays is a venerable tradition dating back at least to the Companion to Shakespeare Studies first published by Cambridge University Press in 1934 and edited by Harley Granville-Barker and G. B. Harrison. The Handbook is divided into five ‘parts’, the first called ‘Texts’, the second ‘Conditions’, third ‘Works’, fourth ‘Performances’, and the fifth the curiously titled ‘Speculations’. Each one of these parts contain a series of essays generally linked to the title of the part, but there appears to have been no editorial control or programme to cover all the expected areas of a subject; rather, there is an assemblage of a series of essays touching, sometimes from afar, the subject as it could be most generally conceived. For instance, ‘Texts’, no matter what one might have expected to find here, begins with Hugh Craig’s essay called ‘Authorship’ (15–30) which discusses what authorship means and skirts the whole silly question of who wrote the plays; and this is followed by MacDonald P. Jackson’s ‘Collaboration’ (31–52) which concerns itself largely with the matter of the collaborative authorship for Cardenio and The Two Noble Kinsmen, as well as the findings of Hugh Craig and Arthur Kinney in their Shakespeare, Computers, and the Mystery of Authorship (Cambridge, 2009); and then there is Ann Thompson’s ‘Quarto and Folio’ (71–84) which covers very lightly the handling of Shakespeare’s texts since the 1980s. I will not extend this list but would observe that anyone coming to this handbook looking for a systematic survey and explanation of Shakespeare’s texts and how they have been handled from the 1590s to the present will be either disappointed or confused.

The Oxymoron of American Pastoralism

The Oxymoron of American Pastoralism Gordon M. Sayre (bio) Pastoralism has been variously defined in American literary studies. In European literature the pastoral persisted as a distinct genre and self-conscious literary tradition from Theocritus and Virgil through the eighteenth century. Major eighteenth-and nineteenth-century American authors alluded to this tradition, but they could not really lay claim to it, for as this essay will argue, the European pastoral was inapplicable to the American setting, both socially and ecologically: socially because although early Anglo-America was by no means a classless society, the distinction between landowners and shepherds was scarcely relevant in the young United States; and ecologically because the pastoral way of life, defined as a subsistence based upon herds of livestock, was not indigenous to America. Leo Marx's landmark The Machine in the Garden employed the concept of pastoral to explain the primitivist and agrarian strain in American thought in the face of modern industrial technologies. In his introduction Marx wrote of how "the shepherd . . . seeks a resolution of the conflict between the opposed worlds of nature and art" (22). But the shepherd, who "is often the poet in disguise," does not, at least in America, herd sheep. In Marx's formulation American pastoralism is an ideology that has mediated conflicting desires for technological progress and bucolic retreat, "a desire, in the face of the growing power and complexity of organized society, to disengage from the dominant culture and to seek out the basis for a simpler, more satisfying mode of life in a realm 'closer,' as we say, to nature" ("Pastoralism" 54). Those lines from a 1986 article updating his renowned 1964 book, as well as a new afterword to a 2000 reprint of it, emphasized the political valence [End Page 1] of pastoralism, now also defined as "a left-leaning ideology not based on a progressive world view" ("Pastoralism" 66). Other influential Americanists and eco-critics have revised Leo Marx's work. Lawrence Buell affirmed that pastoralism "portrays a less complex state of existence than the writer's own" (4) and tried to refute assumptions that the pastoral has been a reactionary or hegemonic force in American cultural politics. In an important early contribution to ecological literary studies, Glen Love argued that "wild nature has replaced the traditional middle state of the garden," and that "wilderness has radicalized the pastoral experience" (203). In opening his 1996 book What Is Pastoral? Paul Alpers wrote that he was moved to undertake his project by irritation with two tendencies in the previous scholarship: "the first is the view that pastoral is motivated by naive idyllicism; the second is the way modern studies tend to use 'pastoral' with ungoverned inclusiveness" (ix). His response was to argue that "we will have a far truer idea of pastoral if we take its representative anecdote [invoking Kenneth Burke's term] to be herdsmen and their lives, rather than landscape or idealized nature" (22). Alpers insisted that shepherds and the shepherding history of the Mediterranean world were essential to the genre. Marx, Buell, and Love, as well as scholars of the European pastoral tradition, have all committed the indiscretions that irritated Alpers. Leo Marx acknowledged that "in its root meaning 'pastoralism' refers to the ways of herdsmen, and today anthropologists and historians invoke that literary sense of the word to describe the way of life of peoples who usually do not practice agriculture, who tend to be nomadic, and whose basic economic activity is animal husbandry. But that straightforward descriptive usage is rarely invoked by anyone except the scholarly experts who study premodern cultures." To update this archaic definition he extended the pastoralist label to anyone "with a similar, as it were, shepherdlike view of life" ("Pastoralism" 42). Other scholars such as David Halperin and Louise Westling, however, have traced the origins of pastoral back to the earliest extant writings concerning the conflict between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturalists, the Sumerian and Akkadian literature set down in clay tablets 4000-5000 years ago. As Halperin declared, "The quest for pastoral origins can now legitimately be pushed back in time as far as the invention of literature itself " (87). These origins are quite...

Spirited Away: Conceptualizing a Film-Based Case Study through Comparative Narratives of Japanese Ecological and Environmental Discourses

This article discusses interpretations of environmental themes in the film Spirited Away (2011) directed by Miyazaki Hayao, including views that do not agree with any environment-related reading of the film’s contents. In analyzing this diversity of views obtained through fieldwork and secondary sources, the discussions involve interpretations of the characters and symbolisms related to the physical settings found in the animated feature. This includes: correlations with the Japanese economic fast-growth period in the Showa period from the 1960s onwards; contrasts between characters that are representations of pollution versus traditional symbols of nature; the inter-related ideas of consumption and waste; the delicate co-existence between nature and humans; traditional conceptions of nature; spirituality and interpretations of the environment; human–nature interactions; ideas about state and non-state stakeholders in Japanese society; the impact of economic production; changes in community bonds with development, etc. The methodology is based on textual analysis and interpretive work of scholarly arguments about ideas related to the environment in Japan. A second methodology is based on oral interviews with instructors and scholarly experts within the intellectual community who have experience in teaching or writing materials related to this topical matter. The concluding section discusses reception of the film and the way audiences cognitively react to and interact with the film’s contents to arrive at their own understanding (or rejection) of its environmental themes.

Reply

I am grateful to Edward Mendelson for drawing attention to W. H. Auden in connection with my essay. There is in cultural-literary history an inherent risk that, caught up in the larger stories we are trying to tell, we may overlook the subtle insights of individual works of literature. To my own work in this area, I also try to bring the strengths of author-centered close reading. In this regard, the expertise of scholars like Mendelson is invaluable.

SCHOLARSHIP, MORALS AND GOVERNMENT: JEAN-HENRI-SAMUEL FORMEY'S AND JOHANN GOTTFRIED HERDER'S RESPONSES TO ROUSSEAU'SFIRST DISCOURSE

This article analyses how Rousseau'sFirst Discourseand the questions it posed about human progress and the reform of society were debated in the institutional context of the Berlin Academy by Formey and Herder. Despite some important disagreements, Formey and Herder fundamentally shared Rousseau's assumption that erudition could be detrimental both to society and to the individual. In order to limit the socially corrosive effects of the arts and the sciences, and in an attempt to realize their full beneficent potential, they called for their reform through institutional regulation and management by a meritocracy of scholarly experts. Drawing on Hume, Herder in particular developed a positive role for the modern state as an active agent of enlightenment, provided it not only promoted the arts and sciences but also guaranteed freedom and the rule of law to ensure their flourishing.

Using Critical Race Theory to Analyze How Disney Constructs Diversity: A Construct for the Baccalaureate Human Behavior in the Social Environment Curriculum

Utilizing the basic tenets of critical race theory, the authors draw upon the expertise of multicultural scholars to raise consciousness and facilitate BSW classroom dialogue about microagressions perpetrated in Disney animations. Microaggressions pervade our media partly because they typically operate outside the threshold of the dominant culture's conscious awareness. Our main consciousness-raising method is to expose social work students to microagressions depicted in Disney animations and then use the classroom as a counterspace to process the experience. We note that utilizing critical race theory to become conscious of microaggressions within Disney animations is the first step toward eradicating them.

Considering animals: contemporary studies in human-animal relations

Considering Animals draws on the expertise of scholars trained in the biological sciences, humanities, and social sciences to investigate the complex and contradictory relationships humans have with nonhuman animals. Taking their cue from the specific moments that punctuate these interactions, the essays engage with contemporary issues and debates central to human-animal studies: the representation of animals, the practical and ethical issues inseparable from human interactions with other species, and, perhaps most challengingly, the compelling evidence that animals are themselves considering beings. Case studies focus on issues such as animal emotion and human sentimentality; the representation of animals in contemporary art and in recent films such as March of the Penguins, Happy Feet, and Grizzly Man; animals' experiences in catastrophic events such as Hurricane Katrina and the SARS outbreak; and the danger of overvaluing the role humans play in the earth's ecosystems. From Marc Bekoff's moving preface through to the last essay, Considering Animals foregrounds the frequent, sometimes uncanny, exchanges with other species that disturb our self-contained existences and bring into focus our troubled relationships with them. Written in an accessible and jargon-free style, this collection demonstrates that, in the face of species extinction and environmental destruction, the roles and fates of animals are too important to be left to any one academic discipline.

Jiddisch: Geschichte und Kultur einer Weltsprache (review)

Jiddisch: Geschichte und Kultur einer Weltsprache, by Marion Aptroot and Roland Gruschka. Beck'sche Reihe 1621. Munich: CH. Beck, 2010. 192 pp. $15.90. While Yiddish may have endured more than its share of popularizing by nonexperts like Leo Rosten a generation ago (Joys of Yiddish, 1968) and Neal Karlen (The Story of Yiddish, 2008) more recently, the interested Anglophone reader is nonetheless well supplied with a variety of types of expert and competent introductions to the character, history and structure of the Yiddish language, ranging from Max Weinreich's masterful multivolume History of the Yiddish Language (Yidd., 1973; Engl. 2008), to Solomon Birnbaums Yiddish: A Survey and a Grammar (1979), to Neil Jacobs' meticulous Yiddish: A Linguistic Introduction (2005) - all three for linguists - and Dovid Katz's more popularly accessible Words on Fire: The Unfinished Story of Yiddish (2004), all written by scholarly experts who are thoroughly conversant with both the language itself and the broad range of scholarship in the vat ious relevant fields of research. While rhere may be fewer book-length surveys of Yiddish in other languages, there are nonetheless some very useful ones, such as Jean Baumgartens Le yiddish (1990) and Eva Geller s Jidyszijczyk Zydow polskich (1994). German, like English, has had its share of popularizing books that often make experts cringe. The book under review here, by Marion Aptroot (Professor of Yiddish at the Universitat Dusseldorf) and Roland Gruschka, immediately and clearly sets itself apart from all that ilk and provides German readers with a thorough and expert general introduction to the history and character of the Yiddish language. While aiming for a lay audience, the authors construct their subject neither as a prompt for quasi-vaudeville-esque jesting nor nostalgic mame-loshn sentimentality, but rather as an object of scholarly research to be made accessible to a general readership. They make copious use of literary examples throughout the book (transcribed using an idiosyncratic, Germanized system, and ttanslated into idiomatic German), but indicate already at the outset that their purpose is a survey of Yiddish language - not literary - history. In nine brief chapters (each with a very short and idiosyncratic list of further readings at the end of the book), organized generally chronologically, the linguistic and cultural history of Yiddish is unfolded from its beginnings a thousand years ago in Central Europe to the scattered Hasidic communities of the twenty-first century, where - alone - the language still thrives as a community language. …

Politics, Pedagogy and Practice in School Health Policy

This special issue of Policy Futures in Education draws on the expertise of scholars exploring the intersections between schools, health, politics an d social policy in New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. For a variety of purposes – political, economic and ideological – schools have long been positioned as a critical social institution to help sustain, improve and promote the health of students through their form al and informal curricula, policies and practices...

Ensuring Communication Research Makes a Difference

Rephrasing the forum question to “How can we ensure communication research has a positive effect on communication practice?” focuses on the present, points to a specific purpose for communication research, emphasizes the scope and type of difference to be made, and places accountability and responsibility on researchers. In general, the public has not found the expertise of communication scholars. The essay addresses ways to overcome this research to practice dilemma: establishing a common framework, complementing the top-down research approach with a practice-driven, bottom-up approach, and adjusting research and practice assumptions.

Surveying European Women's History since the Millenium: A Comparative Review

Surveying European Women's History since the Millenium:A Comparative Review Karen Offen (bio) Barbara Caine and Glenda Sluga. Gendering European History, 1780–1920. London and New York: Leicester University Press, 2000. 230 pp. ISBN 0-7185-0131-4 (cl); 0-7815-0132-2 (pb). Lynn Abrams . The Making of Modern Woman: Europe 1789–1918. London: Longman, an imprint of Pearson Education, 2002. x + 382 pp. ISBN 0-582-41410-5 (pb). Fiona Montgomery and Christine Collette, eds. The European Women's History Reader. London and New York: Routledge, 2002. x + 380 pp. ISBN 0-415-22081-5 (cl); 0-415-22082-3 (pb). Gisela Bock . Women in European History. Translated by Allison Brown. The Making of Europe Series. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002. x + 304 pp. ISBN 0-631-23191-9 (cl); 0-631-19145-3 (pb). [End Page 154] Mary S. Hartman . The Household and the Making of History: A Subversive View of the Western Past. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. xi + 297 pp. ISBN 0-521-82972-0 (cl); 0-521-53669-3 (pb). Rachel G. Fuchs and Victoria E. Thompson. Women in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Gender and History. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. viii + 208 pp. ISBN 0-333-67605-X (cl); 0-333-67606-8 (pb). Mary Jo Maynes, Birgitte Søland, and Christina Benninghaus, eds. Secret Gardens, Satanic Mills: Placing Girls in European History, 1750–1960. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005. x + 312 pp. ISBN 0-253-34449-2 (cl); 0-253-21710-5 (pb). Deborah Simonton , ed. The Routledge History of Women in Europe since 1700. London: Routledge, 2006. xvii + 397 pp. ISBN 0-415-30103-3 (cl); 0-415-43813-6 (pb). Ann Taylor Allen . Women in Twentieth-Century Europe. Gender and History. New York and Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. ix + 208 pp. ISBN 1-403-94192-0 (cl); 1-403-94193-9 (pb). Attempts to survey modern European women's history have come a long way since the 1970s. From Becoming Visible: Women in European History, edited by Renate Bridenthal and Claudia Koonz (1977; 1987; 1997), to the remarkable five volume History of Women in the West, edited and overseen by Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot (English edition, 1992–94), via Patricia Branca's brief, role-centered Women in Europe since 1750 (1978), Priscilla Robertson's eccentric and entertaining An Experience of Women: Pattern and Change in Nineteenth-Century Europe (1984), and Marilyn J. Boxer's and Jean H. Quataert's innovative thematic approach in Connecting Spheres: Women in the Western World, 1500 to the Present (1987; 2000), we can now draw on a vastly broader scope of knowledge about women of every rank, religion, and situation (urban or rural).1 These edited essay collections, while chronologically comprehensive, never pretended to be synthetic or truly comparative as did Bonnie G. Smith's 560 page synthesis Changing Lives: Women in European History Since 1700 (1989).2 Undoubtedly the most ambitious synthetic effort to date is A History of Their Own: Women in Europe from Prehistory to the Present, by Bonnie S. Anderson and Judith P. Zinsser (1988; 2000).3 There is no doubt that women's history is infinitely richer, vastly more informed, nuanced, complex and comprehensive, reflecting the diversity of the women being studied as well as the mass of findings. But have we arrived at a truly comprehensive, comparative history of European women? We now know enough to launch studies that explore similarities and differences, along with change over time and space. Yet comparative work that bridges more than two countries remains at an early stage. The expertise of most Anglophone scholars, largely national and monolingual (or, at best, bilingual) limits their capacity to work in the primary sources of more than a few prominent European countries, a handicap that becomes increasingly apparent as women's history scholarship in Hungarian, Russian, various Slavic languages, and Greek advances. Reliance on secondary works, especially in English or French, becomes increasingly necessary and increasingly problematic. Scholars based in Europe, notably Anne Cova, now spearhead efforts to encourage comparative analysis among other European-based women's historians. With few exceptions, however, these [End Page 155] colleagues remain bounded, even more than we Anglophones, by the...

:Money, Power, and Print: Interdisciplinary Studies on the Financial Revolution in the British Isles

This collection gathers together the expertise of scholars in several disciplines in order to examine the manner in which financial and economic arguments were expressed in pamphlets, broadsides, and longer works of literature in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and to assess to what extent the political realities of the day were informed by these debates or, alternatively, shaped the rhetoric.The contributors to the volume draw upon an extensive variety of contemporary sources and modern analyses of the formative years of the financial revolution to reexamine many of the existing conventional ideas about the relationship between money, power, and print, and to suggest that the subject is far more complex and interrelated than most studies up to now have indicated. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the financial revolution did not occur in London in isolation from the various regions of the British Isles. Charles Ivar McGrath is lecturer in History at University College Dublin. Chris Fauske is associate dean in the School of Arts and Sciences at Salem State College.

<span xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" style="font-style:italic;">Faculty Career Paths: Multiple Routes to Academic Success and Satisfaction</span> (review)

Reviewed by: Faculty Career Paths: Multiple Routes to Academic Success and Satisfaction Roger G. Baldwin Faculty Career Paths: Multiple Routes to Academic Success and Satisfaction, by G. M. Bataille and B. E. Brown. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006. ISBN 0-275-98748-5. A recent article in the Chronicle of Higher Education (Gravois, 2006) reported that 65% of U.S. faculty members now work in positions off the tenure track. This statistic is symptomatic of the dramatic transformation in the academic [End Page 353] profession that is currently underway. This major transformation explains the recent spate of books examining the condition and future prospects of faculty in American colleges and universities. For example, The American Faculty: The Restructuring of Academic Work and Careers (Schuster & Finkelstein, 2006) and Rethinking Faculty Work: Higher Education's Strategic Imperative (Gappa, Austin, & Trice, 2007) each illuminates key changes in the work and lives of faculty and considers the implications of these developments for educational policy and practice. The reader who thumbs through either volume will quickly conclude that business as usual is no longer an option in postsecondary education. The days of the contemplative, pipe-smoking college professor are over. The challenge is to figure out where to go from here. How can we adapt faculty work to meet the needs of a complex, dynamic society? How do we shape a work environment that nourishes both the personal and professional lives of faculty members far more diverse than the professors for whom the traditional academic employment system was designed? Faculty Career Paths: Multiple Routes to Academic Success and Satisfaction by Gretchen Bataille and Betsy Brown provides a helpful response to these questions. This book is a valuable complement to The American Faculty and Rethinking Faculty Work. Bataille and Brown were motivated to write by the same transformational forces that stimulated Schuster, Gappa, and their coauthors. In making its case for action, Faculty Career Paths covers some of the same issues as these other recent books on faculty. The distinctive contribution of Bataille and Brown's book is the wide range of concrete examples and best practices that it provides to readers concerned about effective strategies for meeting the needs of an increasingly diverse faculty. The rich array of policies and practices that the book reviews are by themselves worth the price of this volume. The book shows how specific higher education institutions and multi-campus systems have addressed key challenges such as dual-career couples, partner accommodations, promoting early career faculty success, and helping faculty transition into retirement. In the process, the book provides the perspective both of scholarly experts and frontline administrators. This approach balances academic idealism with a healthy dose of realism, resulting in a book that is forward-thinking but also practical. Anyone looking for ideas to address the needs of a diverse faculty across the academic career cycle will find concrete suggestions in this book. In fact, each chapter concludes with a list of specific best practices that institutions can employ to support the type of faculty discussed in that chapter. This "to do list" makes the book's recommendations easily accessible and will enhance its value as a reference to which deans, department chairs, and professors can return repeatedly for inspiration and practical problem-solving tools. The book should be especially useful to academic leaders who have an obligation to look ahead, think creatively, and help their institutions adapt in a time of rapid change. The final chapter, "Leadership for a New Academic Environment: Developing Policy and Making Change," pinpoints many of the most vexing challenges that academic institutions confront today (e.g., the technology revolution, developing a culture of entrepreneurship, and internationalization) and provides concrete illustrations of strategies for addressing these issues. This chapter functions like an administrators' retreat where [End Page 354] supportive colleagues identify a list of current problems and go about the room sharing practical solutions that have worked on their campuses. Readers seeking a comprehensive overview of the faculty career and specific examples of alternative paths through academic life might be surprised by the segmented structure of Faculty Career Paths. Although the book discusses sequential phases of academic life (e.g., graduate students and postdoctoral scholars...

Is There Still a South?: And Does it Matter?

The transformation of the solid Democratic South to the predominantly Republican South after the passage of the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts of the mid-1960s is one of the most critical developments in American politics and only a handful of dyed-in-the-wool conservative Republicans have denied the important role that race played in triggering this process. But perhaps the pundits, the politicians, and the scholarly experts all have it wrong. Could it be that class or—to put it another way—economic self-interest drove the process of political transformation, with white backlash playing a distinctly secondary role in the process? What if Southern suburbanites are just members of America's rising GOP middle class on the make with a bit of a drawl? That, in a nutshell, is the central argument of two distinguished political scientists in The End of Southern Exceptionalism.