Schematic Processing Research Articles

Influences of mood on information processing styles in high and low symptom reporters

<b>Background</b><br /> Negative mood, which has been strongly linked to the presence of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), is also suggested to modulate the way information is processed (analytic vs. schematic processing style). The present study investigated whether negative mood influences the information processing style differentially in people reporting frequent MUS in daily life.<br /> <br /> <b>Participants and procedure</b><br /> Forty female participants (22 low, 18 high habitual symptom reporters) completed a semantic priming task, as an index of schematic processing, after positive and after negative mood induction in a counterbalanced order. The priming task consisted of neutral or unpleasant body-related and body-unrelated words to assess the specificity of processing style shifts.<br /> <br /> <b>Results</b><br /> The analyses indicated a non-significant tendency for negative mood to increase priming effects compared to positive mood for the high habitual symptom reporters, while the opposite pattern was found for the low symptom reporters. This differential effect of mood was only seen for neutral body-related words.<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions</b><br /> The current findings suggest that negative mood can trigger schematic processes assumed to be crucial for the emergence of MUS, which may explain the profound link between unpleasantness and elevated symptom reporting in high symptom reporters.

THE IMPACT OF EVERYDAY EXPERIENCES ON PLANNED ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: APPLYING SCHEMATIC CHANGE THEORY TO THE STUDY OF NARRATIVES IN COMMUNITY‐BASED ORGANIZATIONS

This case study examines change experiences of two community‐based organizations participating in a planned organizational change (POC) project. Research on POC in community psychology has emphasized teleological change processes (e.g., strategic planning). This paper aims to broaden the discourse through a qualitative study focused on the role of cognition and sensemaking in organizational change. A schematic change process model is proposed and used to explore how members' narratives related to everyday change shape the way they make sense of and engage in a formalized, change process. Analysis revealed two types of change narratives: romantic and tragic. The findings suggest that romantic narratives reinforce existing paradigms of practice, but can also serve as positive resources for members during POC. In contrast, tragic narratives may serve as an impetus for POC, however, when related to negative internal organizational dynamics can undermine and impede the POC process. Implications for change readiness are discussed.

Emotional change process in resolving self-criticism during experiential treatment of depression

Objective: This study tested emotion-focused therapy (EFT) theory assumptions concerning optimal emotion schematic processing during experiential psychotherapies. Emotion schematic change was investigated in the particular problem context of resolving self-criticism, an emotion schematic vulnerability to depression identified across all major psychotherapy theories. Method: The sample was nine highly self-critical depressed clients who received experiential treatment (n = 5 resolved while n = 4 did not resolve their self-criticism by termination). Emotion episodes (EEs) were exhaustively sampled from five sessions across three therapy phases (early, working phase, and termination) for each client. All their EEs across therapy were coded using a process measure called the Classification of Affective-Meaning States. Three complementary analytic procedures were used to examine emotion schematic changes within and across phases of therapy: graphical/descriptive, linear mixed modelling, and THEME sequential pattern analysis. Results: Convergent evidence from these analyses supported EFT theory. Good resolvers of self-criticism decreased expression of secondary emotions and increased expression of primary adaptive emotions. Good resolvers also exhibited more sequences of EEs consistent with transformation of secondary and maladaptive emotions to adaptive emotions. Future directions of this research are discussed.

M-shaper: 음악적 형태 생성을 위한 스케치 드로잉 시스템

본 논문은 음악적 형태 생성을 위한 스케치 드로잉 시스템, 엠쉐이퍼 (이하 m-shaper)를 제안한다. 간단한 스케치 드로잉을 통해 사용자들은 컴퓨터로 바로 연주가 가능한 음악적 형태를 구성할 수 있다. m-shaper는 드로잉 특징을 규정하는 변수를 획득하고 이를 이용하여 음표와 형태를 제작한다. 타블렛을 이용하여 4가지 스케치 움직임 정보, 압력, 회전각도, 기울기 각도, 속도 정보를 감지한다. 형태를 구성하는 각각의 점은 악기 종류, 음길이, 음높낮이, 옥타브를 표현하는 특정음표에 매핑된다. 현재 m-shaper 시스템은 디자인 초기단계를 지원하는 컴퓨터 연산도구로 개발되었다. 디자이너는 음악적 영감을 받으며 기하학적인 스케치를 그리고 개념 형태를 탐색할 수 있다. 디자이너들은 관련 제어값을 조절하면서 결과물을 조절하고 스케치 드로잉을 변형할 수 있다. This paper proposes a sketch drawing system called m-shaper for musical shape generation. Through simple sketch drawing, users can generate musical shape configuration which can be played by a computer. One key ingredient of the process is a unique concept for the interactive musical shape generation that combines shape and sound based on the designers' manual inputs. m-shaper captures the numerical values of drawing characteristics and determines how the musical notes and shapes can be generated. Using a tablet, four sketch movements are captured such as pressure, tilt, rotation and speed. Each point of a shape corresponds to a certain musical note that represents a type of instrument, duration, pitch, and octave. The current m-shaper has been developed as a computational tool for supporting the schematic design process. Designers in m-shaper draw geometric sketches with a musical inspiration and explore possible conceptual forms. They also can control the parameters for results and transform their sketch drawing.

Does our brain use the same policy for interacting with people and manipulating different objects?

Our first impression of other people is greatly affected by our previous experiences. Schematic processing, proposed in social psychology, explains our behavior in interacting with other people. It suggests existence of different schemas in our brain for different groups of people, e.g., extroverts, introverts, shy, women, men, etc. and also schemas related to special people like our parents, close friends, supervisor, and even ourselves. Each schema is recalled when we meet the corresponding person/personality (Atkinson, 1996). On the other hand there is a relatively well accepted theory–model based theory- in motor control and learning studies (Daw and Dayan, 2014; Dayan and Berridge, 2014). It suggests existence of some internal models (forward and/or inverse) in the brain which help us for planning and execution of the actions. Although these two viewpoints may seem very distinct, there are some interesting similarities between them, which are explained in the following section. I hypothesize that these correspondences may suggest that the brain employs same algorithms in dealing with both situations. Understanding the brain function is a great challenge for many scientists. Further evaluation of the proposed hypothesis may be helpful to achieve better understanding of the brain function, as advances in each field may encourage new ideas in the other one. In the following sections each of the two viewpoints and then their similarities are explained.

Multi-mode Control in a Two-stage Piezoelectric Transducer for an Application of Physical Therapy

A novel as well as unique piezoelectric-driven system constructed with two sets of ceramic actuators connected in a series is able to produce both mechanical vibration and electric power at the output end. With power input to the first ceramic actuator to oscillate, the connected second one makes use of the transmitted mechanical vibration energy to generate electricity via piezoelectric direct effect. An application example of physical therapy including ultrasonic diathermy and electrotherapy is selected for further investigation in this article. Different from the traditional ultrasonic diathermy and electrotherapy systems that are built with their own specific method and independent structure, the developed two-stage piezoelectric transducer can achieve the same application purpose alone. Multi-mode control scheme is proposed by using Frequency- Hopping method to oscillate the first ceramic actuator with different vibration amplitude at various resonance frequencies under schematic switching process. Hence, the second ceramic actuator receives the transmitted energy and generates equivalent electricity with modulation amplitude signal for electrotherapy. The residual energy in the first ceramic actuator is also collected at the output end for ultrasonic diathermy. From the satisfactory experimental outcome, it indicates such a two-stage system not only can generate vibration and electricity but produce composite effect for desired application purpose under well-defined input control signal.

Influence of calcination temperature on the structure, morphology and composition of micro α-Sb2O4 crystals

Micro α-Sb2O4 crystals have been successfully prepared using wet chemical precipitation method. The influence of calcination temperature on the structure, morphology and composition of samples was investigated by means of thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Results indicated that the precipitated precursor is pure Sb2O3 with an orthorhombic structure. Most of the Sb2O3 transformed into α-Sb2O4 below 400°C, but the complete disappearance of all traces of Sb2O3 occurred after 800°C. The product obtained at 600°C possessed a layered surface morphology and relatively higher diffraction intensity ratio of (113)/(020). The O/Sb atomic ratios of microcrystals showed a monotonous decrease from 1.88 to 1.4 with an increase of calcination temperature, which indicated the increased oxygen-deficient tendency. Finally, the schematic formation process of micro α-Sb2O4 crystals has been proposed.

Interaction between activated carbon and microorganisms in PACT process

A laboratory‐scale powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT) process was conducted to treat the synthetic dye wastewater containing reactive brilliant blue KN‐R (RBB). The pore structures of the PAC and molecular structure of the RBB were analysed. The influences of the biomass concentration and the PAC dosage on RBB removal were investigated in an activated sludge system. In addition, kinetic studies based on four fundamental models were investigated. Furthermore, theories about the microscopic dynamic interaction process of PACT were studied. A schematic process of the interaction between activated carbon and microorganisms in a PACT process was proposed. It was concluded that the enhanced treatment of dye wastewater by the PAC in activated sludge process was due to the immobilized microorganisms on the PAC and the bio‐regeneration process.

RTR 공정에 의한 PLC 광통신 소자 구현 기술

The roll to roll (RTR) imprint process is an integrated imprinting process where steps ranging from assignment of a function to a flexible rolled substrate to rewinding of the same substrate in a roll are performed. RTR imprint is a green, low-cost technology without limitations. In RTR imprint, it is important to manufacture the mold precisely and maintain uniform process condition. To this, process conditions have to include precision tension control, optimization of process parameters. We introduced RTR imprint to fabricate planar lightwave circuit (PLC) device for communication, by new schematic design and process optimization, we fabricated successfully optical device. The fabricated optical device showed the optical performance which was satisfied to meet international standard.

Contact Resistance Measurement of Electrode on Silicon Prepared By Autocatalytic Electroless Metallization Using Metal Nanoparticles

We reported the adhesive metal-film formation by autocatalytic electroless metallization on silicon (Si) by using gold (Au) nanoparticles1). Autocatalytic electroless deposition, which is a conventional method to metalize nonmetallic substrates, has several advantages including simplicity of process, uniformity of films, and the covering of complicated structures. So, the process is expected to replace sputtering of back metal of power devices and screen-printing of thick film electrodes of solar cells. In this study, we determined contact resistance (Rc) between electrolessly deposited metal electrode and Si semiconductor by using TLM (transfer length model) method shown in Fig.1.Figure 2 shows photo and dimension of test sample, and Fig.3 shows schematic process flow of preparing two test samples; 1. Photoresist pattern formation: 2. Au nanoparticles formation by displacement reaction using a mixture solution of HAuCl4 and HF: 3. Autocatalytic electroless deposition of nickel-phosphorus alloy (Ni-P) film for sample (A), and: 4. Electron-beam silver (Ag) deposition on electrolessly deposited Ni-P film for sample (B). The thickness of Ni-P films was 0.25 mm and Ag thickness on Ni-P film was 1.15 mm.We measured Rt of samples and determined ρc. Rt and ρc are given byRt = 2Rm + 2Rc+ Rs ρc = Rm + Rc.Figure 4 shows TLM result of samples (A) and (B). The values of ρc were 140 mΩ cm2 in (A) and 13 mΩ cm2 in (B). These results indicate that the ρc is mainly determined by resistance of bulk metal (Rm) and the contact resistance (Rc) of these samples is lower than 13 mΩ cm2. The Rc of screen-printed-and-fired Ag electrodes of crystalline Si solar cells was reported as 2~3 mΩ cm2 lower than ρc of sample (B)2). Contact resistance (Rc) is important for devices rather than ρc 3). The Rc of electrode prepared by the autocatalytic electroless metallization using Au nanoparticles is approaching the value of conventional electrodes without any heat treatment. We also review interface structure and contacting mechanism between Au nanoparticles and Si semiconductor4).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe present work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (23560875) and A-STEP from JST.REFERENCE1) S.Yae, et al., ECS Trans., 53(6), 99 (2013).2) Yi Yang, et al., Energy Proc., 8, 607 (2011).3) P.L.Hower, et al., Semicon. Semimet., 7A, 147 (1971).4) H. Atsushiba, et al., Abst. 225th ECS meeting (D2), (2014).

Electrical Properties of Complex of Nanoparticles and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube

Figure 1.Schematic process of PCI-AFM For the future development of molecular electronics, nanoscale molecular devices should be constructed using nanometer-sized electrical wiring. To obtain high-quality devices composed of a few molecules, the nanoscale wiring and the device should have a constant interface. For this purpose, single-walled nanotube (SWNT) has been synthesized with several nanoparticles like 5,15-Bispentyl-porphyrinato Zinc(II) (BPP-Zn), N,N’-bisalkyl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (Cx-NDI, where x is number of methylene units in the alkyl side-chain) and 1:12 phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12). Then, the electrical property of the complex was measured by using point-contact current imaging atomic force microscopy (PCI-AFM).[1,2] Figure 2. (a)AFM image of SWNT/BPP-Zn complex. Almost of all surface of SWNT was covered by the nanoparticles. Inset is I-V curves obtained on SWNT and porphyrin aggregations. (b) AFM image of C3-NDI nanoparticles adsorbed on the side-wall of SWNT. Insertion: molecular structure of C3-NDI. First of all, we prepared BPP-Zn which has two pentyl groups to increase a solubility of SWNT/porphyrin complex [2]. SWNT (0.5 mg) was added to a DMF solution of BPP-Zn (0.1 mM, 5 mL), and then sonicated for 30 min. The solution was centrifuged at 1000 G and the top was collected. SWNT/BPP-Zn complex was collected by a filter (0.5 mm, MILIPORE) and excess BPP-Zn was removed by rinsing by with CHCl3 (100 mL). The SWNT/BPP-Zn was added to DMF (2 mL) and complex was sonicated for 30 min. The DMF solution of SWNT/BPP-Zn complex was casted to a mica substrate and the surface was observed by the tapping-mode AFM (Fig. 2(a)). On the half of the substrate, Au was deposited as electrode with 30 nm thick. Figure 3. Current obtained from PMo12/SWNT network. The complex having 2.5-4.5 nm heights was observed. Since a diameter of SWNT is about 1.1-1.5 nm, height of porphyrin-aggregate on SWNT is about 1-3 nm, corresponding 2-6 porphyrin monomers. We measured the conduction property of the complex using PCI-AFM successfully. The results reveal the conduction property of SWNT/porphyrin complex. I-V curve was symmetric where porphyrin aggregate was not absorbed on SWNT, while it was asymmetric where porphyrin was absorbed. This means porphyrin nanoparticles work as rectification devices on the SWNT wiring.Figure 2(b) shows an AFM image of SWNT/C3-NDI complex. It shows nanoparticles about 3-5 nm diameter of NDI adsorbed on the sidewall of SWNT. By changing the number of methylene unit of NDI, the shape of I-V curve changed. The results show that the majority of SWNT was metallic using C3-NDI to make a complex, while semiconducting when C9-NDI. Besides, the rectification ratio increased and band gap decreased as the size of the molecular nanoparticles increased. The rectification properties of SWNT/PMo12 complex were strongly determined by the property of nanotubes. Rectification ratio decreased and band gap increased as particle size was larger if SWNT is semiconducting, while opposite in the case of metallic SWNT. PMo12 also has interesting electric properties. I-V curve obtained by PCI-AFM always show peaks. The peak called negative differential resistance (NDR). Because NDR is one of the components of noise generator, a network of SWNT/PMo12was fabricated and bias was applied. Amplitude of current, noise strength, was increased as bias increased from 0V to 125V (Fig. 3). Further, current became unstable when 150 V was applied to the same device and then generated pulse current. The pulses are obtained as special case of the instability. The phenomena are expected to be utilized as neuron devices used in neuro-computing. In conclusion, all BPP-Zn, NDI and PMo12 molecules can behave as rectification device on SWNT. PCI-AFM is a useful technique to detect the electrical properties of such kinds of systems described above. It is important to control rectification properties of the complex to realize electronic nanodevices. PMo12/SWNT network generated pulse when 150V was applied. It is expected to be used in neuro-computing.

Altered body schema processing in frontotemporal dementia with C9ORF72 mutations

BackgroundMutations in C9ORF72 are an important cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and motor neuron disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that FTD associated with C9ORF72 mutations (C9ORF72-FTD) is distinguished clinically by early...

Misreporting signs of child abuse: The role of decision‐making and outcome information

Two studies provided evidence that a decision to report an ambiguous case of child abuse affected subsequent memory of the case information, such that participants falsely recognized details that were not presented in the original information, but that are schematically associated with child abuse. Moreover, post-decision information that the child had later died from abuse influenced the memory reports of participants who had chosen not to report the case, increasing their reports of false schema-consistent details. This suggests that false decision-consistent memories are primarily due to sense-making, schematic processing rather than the motivation to justify the decision. The present findings points to an important mechanism by which decision information can become distorted in retrospect, and emphasize the difficulties of improving future decision-making by contemplating past decisions. The results also indicate that decisions may generate false memories in the apparent absence of external suggestion or misleading information. Implications for decision-making theory, and applied practices are discussed.

Study of second phase in bioabsorbable magnesium alloys: Phase stability evaluation via Dmol3 calculation

Thermodynamical stabilities of four conventional second phases as well as magnesium matrix in bioabsorbable magnesium alloys were investigated theoretically via computer calculation method. Model of individual phase and systems including phase and four water molecular (phase-4H2O) were established to simulate the in vitro and in vivo environment. Local orbital density functional theory approach was applied to calculate the total energy for the individual phase and phase-4H2O system. The results demonstrated that all the second phases possessed higher phase stability compared with magnesium matrix, but the phase stability was quite different for different types of second phases or second phase-4H2O systems. Furthermore, a schematic process of inflammation reaction caused by magnesium alloy implants was proposed for the further evaluation on biocompatibility of different second phases.

Personnages masculins, signes anthropomorphes et expression graphique schématique au Néolithique dans le sud de la France

To analyze human walled and rocked presentations is the opportunity to come back on the nature of the schematic process, this type of graphic expression, which plays at the same time on form and on contents of figures. The male figure represents one of the five great categories of figures of the iconographic Neolithic corpus and is also subjected to a large diversity of graphic versions, since identifiable presentations up to unintelligible signs. This diversity is taken into account by no taxonomy since it results at once, of a graphic bias, of mental schemata, of cultural competences and the context of elaboration of figures. The process of simplification of the male figure passes however by the bodily schema of this one. The signification of its line on the rock is perhaps to link up with the passage of his author on and by the site as part of transition rites.

A Gas Detection System Based on the Micro Light Splitting Principle

This paper presents a novel system for detecting concentration of the CH4 and CO gases, which exist widely in the coal industry. The system applies micro blazed grating to split the collimated light and may get the infrared absorption light with certain wavelength and bandwidth for the gases detection. The schematic diagram, calculation, signal processing, and setup were described in details. Experimental results indicate that the detection system has the ability to detect methane and carbon monoxide with maximum error of 0.169% and 58.3ppm, stability of 0.76% and 0.22%, respectively.

An integrated system combining chemical looping hydrogen generation process and solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine cycle for power production with CO2 capture

In this paper, the solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine (SOFC/GT) cycle is integrated with coal gasification and chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) for electric power production with CO2 capture. The CLHG-SOFC/GT plant is configurated and the schematic process is modeled using Aspen Plus® software. Syngas, produced by coal gasification, is converted to hydrogen with CO2 separation through a three-reactors CLHG process. Hydrogen is then fueled to SOFC for power generation. The unreacted hydrogen from SOFC burns in a combustor and drives gas turbine. The heat of the gas turbine exhaust stream is recovered in HRSG for steam bottoming cycle. At a system pressure of 20 bar and a cell temperature of 900 °C, the CLHG-SOFC/GT plant has a net power efficiency of 43.53% with no CO2 emissions. The hybrid power plant performance is attractive because of high energy conversion efficiency and zero-CO2-emission. Key parameters that influence the system performance are also discussed, including system operating pressure, cell temperature, fuel utilization factor, steam reactor temperature, CO2 expander exhaust pressure and inlet gas preheating.

Application of ICP Deep Trenches Etching in the Fabrication of FBAR Devices

It is presented a fabrication processing of a two step method in deep silicon etching for MEMS applications using an the UK company Surface Technology Systems plc (STS), inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) etch technique STS ICP deep dry etching system. A brief introduction of schematic process of etching deep trenches on silicon substrate is first given, then with two step method for etching deep trenches. The film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) devices have been fabricated using STS ICP deep dry etching system with maximum etch rate of 4.6μ m/min, depth more than 450μm and sidewall roughness no more than 0.14μm. At the end of the second step process, the etch selective ratio of silicon to silicon oxygen is enhanced to ensure the device yield. At the same time, the negative effects such as microloads effects, footing effects, lag effects and micrograss effects are suppressed effectively.

Reconstructing pedigrees: some identifiability questions for a recombination-mutation model

Pedigrees are directed acyclic graphs that represent ancestral relationships between individuals in a population. Based on a schematic recombination process, we describe two simple Markov models for sequences evolving on pedigrees--Model R (recombinations without mutations) and Model RM (recombinations with mutations). For these models, we ask an identifiability question: is it possible to construct a pedigree from the joint probability distribution of extant sequences? We present partial identifiability results for general pedigrees: we show that when the crossover probabilities are sufficiently small, certain spanning subgraph sequences can be counted from the joint distribution of extant sequences. We demonstrate how pedigrees that earlier seemed difficult to distinguish are distinguished by counting their spanning subgraph sequences.

다양한 경계조건을 가진 일차 반응 네트워크로 결합된 다종 오염물 거동 해석해

In this study, analytical solution of multip-species transport equations coupled with a first-order reaction network under constant concentration boundary condition or total flux boundary condition is obtained using similarity transformation approach of Clement et al. (2000). The study shows the schematic process about how multi-species transport equations with first-order sequential reaction network is transformed through the similarity transformation approach into independent and uncoupled single species transport equations with first-order reaction. The analytical solution was verified through the comparison with popular commercial programs such as 2DFATMIC and RT3D. The analytical solution can be utilized in nuclear waste sites where radioactive contaminants and their daughter products occur and in industrial complex cities where chlorinated solvent such as PCE, TCE, and its biodegradation products produces. In addition, it can help the verification of the developed numerical code.