Scale Integration Research Articles

The Impact of Social Media Use on Body Appreciation and Eating Behaviors in Youth

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of social media use on body appreciation and eating attitudes in youth. The research is of a descriptive nature. The sample of the study consists of 684 young participants attending university. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Social Media Use Integration Scale (SMIS), Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN), and Body Appreciation Scale (BAS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, along with Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis to compare certain quantitative characteristics. The average age of the participants is 18.56 ± 4.40, with 61.7% being female. The participants' total score averages for SMIS, ASHN, and BAS are 48.52±10.64; 76.42±10.40; and 28.46±6.28, respectively. A strong positive correlation was found between social media use and attitudes towards healthy eating, and a strong negative correlation between social media use and body appreciation. It was determined that female participants were less satisfied with their bodies compared to males, and those who defined their income as 'high' used social media less and had higher healthy eating attitudes compared to those who defined their income as 'low.' Participants with daily social media usage duration of ≥ 7 hours were found have lower healthy eating attitudes, and be less satisfied with their bodies. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between participants' age and SMIS total score average, and a statistically significant positive correlation was found between ASHN and BAS score averages. Based on the data obtained, it was determined that participants had above-average levels of social media use, high levels of attitudes towards healthy eating, and below-average levels of body appreciation.

Impacts of inflow turbulence on the flow past a permeable disk

A permeable disk serves as a simplified model for the conversion of wind energy by a horizontal axis wind turbine. In this study, we investigate how inflow turbulence intensity (TI), $I_\infty$ , and inflow turbulence integral length scale, $L_\infty$ , influence the flow recovery in the wake, the capability of a permeable disk in extracting turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) of the incoming flow, and the statistics of wake-added turbulence using large-eddy simulation. The simulated inflows include various TIs (i.e. $I_\infty =2.5\,\%$ – $25\,\%$ ) and integral length scales (i.e. $L_\infty / D =0.5$ – $2.0$ ) for two thrust coefficients. Simulation results show that both inflow TI and integral length scale influence flow recovery via enhanced ejections and sweeps across the wake boundary, with the former strongly affecting the position where the wake starts to recover and the latter mainly on the recovery rate. Moreover, it is shown that increasing $I_\infty$ and $L_\infty$ increases the TKE extraction by the disk, occurring mainly at scales ( $s$ ) greater than $0.5D$ and frequencies depending on the inflow integral length scale. As for the wake-added TKE, the inflow TI mainly affects its intensity, while the inflow integral length scale affects both its intensity and the sensitive frequencies, with the spectral distributions in scale space ( $s$ ) being similar and the peak located around $s/D=1.0$ for the considered inflows.

Penetration of a spherical vortex into turbulence

The penetration of a spherical vortex into turbulence is studied theoretically and experimentally. The characteristics of the vortex are first analysed from an integral perspective that reconciles the far-field dipolar flow with the near-field source flow. The influence of entrainment on the vortex drag force is elucidated, extending the Maxworthy (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 81, 1977, pp. 465–495) model to account for turbulent entrainment into the vortex movement and vortex penetration into an evolving turbulent field. The physics are explored numerically using a spherical vortex (initial radius $R_0$ , speed $U_{v0}$ ), characterised by a Reynolds number $Re_0(=2R_0U_{v0}/\nu$ , where $\nu$ is the kinematic viscosity) of 2000, moving into decaying homogeneous turbulence (root-mean-square $u_0$ , integral scale $L$ ) with turbulent intensity $I_t=u_0/U_{v0}$ . When the turbulence is absent ( $I_t=0$ ), a wake volume flux leads to a reduction of vortex impulse that causes the vortex to slow down. In the presence of turbulence ( $I_t> 0$ ), the loss of vortical material is enhanced and the vortex speed decreases until it is comparable to the local turbulent intensity and quickly fragments, penetrating a distance that scales as $I_t^{-1}$ . In the experimental study, a vortex ( $Re_0\sim 1490\unicode{x2013}5660$ ) propagating into a statistically steady, spatially varying turbulent field ( $I_{ve}=0.02$ to 0.98). The penetration distance is observed to scale with the inverse of the turbulent intensity. Incorporating the spatially and temporally varying turbulent fields into the integral model gives a good agreement with the predicted trend of the vortex penetration distance with turbulent intensity and insight into its dependence on the structure of the turbulence.

Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric Cochlear Nerve Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) is commonly implicated in moderate-to-profound pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Although cochlear implantation (CI) was previously contraindicated in CND patients, recent studies have demonstrated the potential for auditory response to CI in a subset of CND patients, though clinical outcomes remain variable. This study aims to evaluate pre- and postoperative speech and auditory outcomes of CI in pediatric patients with bilateral SNHL and radiographically confirmed CND. Embase and Ovid MEDLINE. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies reporting pre- and postoperative outcomes of children with CND confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging who underwent CI. A random-effects model was used to account for within- and between-study variance in speech and auditory outcomes. After abstract screening of 818 distinct articles, 16 studies were selected for final inclusion, consisting of 248 patients with cochlear nerve hypoplasia or aplasia who underwent CI. Various speech perception and language development tests were investigated across studies (Speech Intelligibility Rating, Speech Perception Category, Speech Awareness Thresholds, Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, Meaningful Use of Speech Scale, Categories of Auditory Performance, and Auditory Level). Pooled outcomes demonstrated improvement in speech perception after CI in pediatric patients with CND (SMD 2.18, 95% CI 1.68-2.69). Indications for CI are expanding as research demonstrates benefit in populations previously thought inappropriate. Our study demonstrates global postoperative improvement in speech and auditory outcomes in children with bilateral SNHL and CND after CI. NA Laryngoscope, 2024.

Near wake evolution of a tidal stream turbine due to asymmetric sheared turbulent inflow with different integral length scales

Tidal stream turbines deployed at highly energetic open water sites are subjected to sheared inflow in the rotor plane. The inflow shear is expected to cause asymmetric loading on the rotor blades and affect the downstream wake. In the current study, two different turbulent inflow conditions, static-high shear and dynamic shear, were generated via an active-grid turbulence generator. A 1:20 scaled three-bladed horizontal axis tidal turbine model was tested in those conditions. The results were compared to a quasi-laminar case with no imposed turbulence or shear. The results show that the high shear reduces the average performance, with a drop of up to 16% in the optimal power coefficient. Besides, the shear profiles increase torque fluctuations and induce significant differences in wake hydrodynamics between the high-speed (upper) and low-speed (lower) regions. The large integral length scales further enhance the load fluctuations perceived by the rotor but have a negligible effect on the mean wake field quantities and the wake recovery. The lower half region featured a faster breakdown of tip vortex structure and a rapid drop of swirl number, a phenomenon conjectured to be a consequence of the strong turbulence intensities and Reynolds stresses in the lower half region. The sheared turbulent inflow also results in a very intensive energy redistribution process towards large-scale, low-frequency motions, which is important to the downstream turbines.

Burnout among special education teachers: exploring the interplay between individual and contextual factors

ABSTRACT Special education teachers are among the professional figures in the educational sector who risk high levels of burnout. This study explores which variables among individual factors (i.e. socio-demographics, personal self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy) and contextual factors (i.e. collective self-efficacy and work organisation) can predict burnout among special education teachers. Participants included 3171 Italian special education teachers in primary, middle and high schools. They filled out the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Perceived Personal and Collective Self-efficacy in the School Context Scale, the Intrapersonal Technology Integration Scale, and a questionnaire developed specifically to investigate socio-biographical characteristics and teaching organisation. A multivariate LASSO regression model was used to select the most significant predictors. The results identified multiple variables associated with burnout, both among individual factors (e.g. gender, self-efficacy) and contextual ones (e.g. lack of shared involvement in the Individualized Education Program). These results provide new perspectives for planning interventions for special education teachers taking into consideration both their individual characteristics and the context they work in. Limitations of the study and possible further research are discussed.

Transitions Into Freezing Environments Linked With Shifts in Phylogenetic Integration Between Vitaceae Leaf Traits.

Understanding how the intrinsic ability of populations and species to meet shifting selective demands shapes evolutionary patterns over both short and long timescales is a major question in biology. One major axis of evolutionary flexibility can be measured by phenotypic integration and modularity. The strength, scale, and structure of integration may constrain or catalyze evolution in the face of new selective pressures. We analyze a dataset of seven leaf measurements across Vitaceae to examine how correlations in trait divergence are linked to transitions between freezing and nonfreezing habitats. We assess this by applying a custom algorithm to compare the timing of habitat shifts to changes in the structure of evolutionary trait correlation at discrete points along a phylogeny. We also explore these patterns in relation to lineage diversification rates to understand how and whether patterns in the evolvability of complex multivariate phenotypes are linked to higher-level macroevolutionary dynamics. We found that shifts in the structure, but not the overall strength, of phylogenetic integration of leaves precipitate colonization of freezing climates. Lineages that underwent associated shifts in leaf trait integration and subsequent movement into freezing habitats also displayed lower turnover and higher net diversification, suggesting a link among shifting vectors of selection, internal constraint, and lineage persistence in the face of changing environments.

Wake dynamics of side-by-side hydrokinetic turbines in open channel flows

Lateral placement of hydrokinetic turbines is an interesting topic, as the blockage effect can increase the flow speed and increase the power coefficient (CP) for neighboring turbines. This study investigates wake dynamics in hydrokinetic turbine arrays with single- (1T), double- (2T), and triple-turbine (3T) configurations under various tip speed ratios (λ = 3.5, 5.8, and 7.1) using large eddy simulation coupled with the actuator line (AL) model. Results indicate that CP increases as lateral spacing decreases, which highlights the advantages of tighter lateral placement. The CP of the 3T-S turbine (the side turbine in the 3T configuration) is larger than those of the other configurations, following the trend CP,3T−S>CP,3T−M>CP,2T>CP,1T, which reflects a growing blockage effect with more turbines. Wake dynamics are analyzed using time-averaged and instantaneous methods. In 3T scenarios, blockage enhances turbulence kinetic energy, facilitating faster wake recovery, aided by turbine interference. Mean kinetic energy budget analysis shows that 3T-S wakes recover fastest due to increased turbulent convection. For instantaneous analysis, pre-multiplied power spectral density reveals vertical meandering begins at approximately 3D (D is the rotor diameter) and horizontal meandering starts near 4D, with a dominant frequency of St=0.28. Integral length scales show an initial increase followed by a downstream decrease, with minima marking the onset of wake meandering. Dynamic mode decomposition analysis reveals that high-frequency disturbance amplitudes increase with the number of turbines. At the optimal λ, wake effects dominate over inflow effects.

Effects of oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity on wind characteristics of a simplified hill and ridge

Supertall buildings and long-span bridges are significantly affected by wind-induced vibrations, and the wind fields in mountainous areas are highly complex and influenced by the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity. To accurately determine the variation patterns of wind characteristics in mountainous areas under different oncoming wind speeds and turbulence intensities, large eddy simulation (LES) was employed to analyze wind fields over simplified hill and ridge models. By setting different basic wind speeds (5, 10, 15, and 20 m/s) and turbulence intensities (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%) at the inlet, the variation patterns of wind characteristics over the simplified hill and ridge under atmospheric boundary layer inflow were studied, revealing wind field flow mechanisms. The results indicate that the wind characteristics on the leeward side of the simplified hill and ridge are significantly influenced by the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity. Increasing the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity leads to decreased wind profile deceleration, reduced changes in wind direction and attack angles, and increased wind speed amplification factor. In addition, the turbulence fluctuations, power spectra, and coherence function between two points on the leeward side increase with the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity. The turbulent integral scale decreases with an increase in the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity. As the wind speed and turbulence increase, the size of the recirculation bubble gradually decreases, with its center moving closer to the wall surface. In the vorticity field, the number of smaller-scale three-dimensional turbulent vortices near the hill and ridge increases. These differences in flow characteristics are the fundamental causes of the changes in wind characteristics. High wind speeds and turbulence intensities typically result in higher kurtosis and skewness, with significant non-Gaussian characteristics in the fluctuating wind. Traditional wind load design specifications for building architecture based on a Gaussian distribution may not be applicable to mountainous terrain. In practical engineering, the influences of the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity on wind characteristics should be fully considered.

Examination of the psychometric properties of the Ethnic Identity Scale (EIS) and Multicultural Identity Integration Scale (MULTIIS) in a multiracial population in the United States.

Ethnic identity is theorized to be a critical aspect of human development and is shown to be associated with health and well-being. The Ethnic Identity Scale is a widely used measure that assesses key aspects of ethnic identity development (Umaña-Taylor et al., 2004). The Multicultural Identity Integration Scale (MULTIIS) is a measure that has been more recently developed to assess key aspects of identity integration for individuals with multicultural identities (Yampolsky et al., 2016). Despite the ongoing utilization of these instruments, a comprehensive psychometric evaluation within Multiracial populations has yet to be established in extant literature. Addressing this gap, the present study aims to examine the internal consistency, factor structure, and other psychometric characteristics of the Ethnic Identity Scale and MULTIIS within a sample of 1,012 Multiracial adults in the United States. The majority of the sample identified as female (67.5%, n = 683), straight (80.1%, n = 798), having attained less than a college degree (62.3%, n = 627), and having a household income less than $60,000 (57.4%, n = 552). The majority of participants (55%, n = 557) were classified as having White and non-White racial/ethnic backgrounds, 45.0% (n = 455) as non-White. Findings suggest the Ethnic Identity Scale fits the data poorly by all measures, despite supporting the three-factor structure recommended in the original study; the MULTIIS fits the data acceptably by all measures and supports both a three-factor first-order and eight-factor second-order structure recommended in the original study. Analyses of the MULTIIS three-factor first-order model's measurement invariance across race, gender, educational attainment, and household income identified variance for specific latent factors. Overall, the MULTIIS performed acceptably; however, studies relying on the MULTIIS should account for differential measurement. Implications for clinical, scientific, and public health practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Influence of large-scale free-stream turbulence on bypass transition in air and organic vapour flows

The free-stream turbulence (FST) induced transition in perfect and non-ideal gas zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate boundary layers is investigated by means of large-eddy simulations. The study focuses on the influence of large incoming disturbances over the laminar-to-turbulent transition, by comparing two different integral length scales $L_f$ , which differ by a factor of seven, at different FST intensities $T_u$ . High-subsonic dense-gas boundary layers of the organic vapour Novec649, representative of organic Rankine cycle applications, are compared with air flows at Mach numbers 0.1 and 0.9. Compressibility and non-ideal gas effects are shown to be of minor importance in comparison to the influence of the FST integral length scale $L_f$ . An increase of the inlet turbulent intensity always promotes transition, whereas an increase of $L_f$ has a double effect on the transition onset. At $T_u=2.5\,\%$ , increasing $L_f$ promotes the transition, while it tends to delay transition for an FST intensity of 4 %. Larger FST integral scales tend to increase the spanwise distance between laminar streaks generated in the boundary layer. Two competing transition scenarios are observed. When the incoming turbulence intensity and length scale are moderate, the classical bypass route consists in the linear non-modal growth of streaks, which then experience secondary instabilities (sinuous or varicose) and lead to the generation of turbulent spots. The second scenario is characterized by the appearance of $\Lambda$ -shaped structures near the inlet, which are further stretched to hairpin vortices before breaking down to turbulence. Spot inceptions can therefore occur at earlier locations than the streak growth. We are then faced with a competition between the classical bypass transition and nonlinear response mechanisms that ‘bypass’ this route. The present case at high $L_f$ and low $T_u$ is an example of a competing scenario, but even for the higher $T_u$ and $L_f$ conditions, only approximately one-third of turbulent spots are due to the $\Lambda$ -shaped events. The nonlinear alternative route has strong similarities with scenarios described previously in the literature in the presence of leading edge effects or due to passing wakes. Such a path is governed by the turbulence intensity, but also by the integral length scale, with both parameters playing a critical role in the generation of the $\Lambda$ -shaped structures near the inlet. This alternative mechanism is found to be robust under varying flow and thermodynamic conditions.

An Integral Assessment of Patient’s Condition in Postpartum Women with Critic Obstetric Complications

Introduction. Septic complications after critical obstetric conditions (COC) are a pressing problem in obstetrics. The aim of the study is to conduct an integral assessment of the severity of postpartum women with septic complications after COC.Materials and methods. We examined 39 postpartum women after COC (massive obstetric hemorrhage, severe preeclampsia). All patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group (n = 18) — with associated septic complications, the comparison group (n = 21) — without septic complications. The average age of the subjects was (29.80±6.48) years.Results. Obstetric bleeding was complicated by hemorrhagic shock in more than 75 % of patients in both groups. Premature detachment of a normally located placenta (PDNLP) was statistically significantly more often recorded in the main group (p = 0.04). All patients underwent total hysterectomy during childbirth or in the early postpartum period. Multiple organ failure syndrome (MODS) occurred in all women of the main group and in 17/21 (80.95 %) in the comparison group (p = 0.05). When assessing the condition of maternity hospitals using integral scales, a higher number of points were noted in the main group on the APACHE II scale (p = 0.02), SOFA (p = 0.001), NEWS2 (p < 0.001). In the main group, septic complications developed on the 9 [4; 9] day after delivery.Conclusion. Risk factors for septic complications after COC are: MODS, renal failure, acute kidney injury, heart failure, respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia. Maternity hospitals at risk of septic complications after COC initially show an increase in the number of points according to APACHE II, SOFA, NEWS2.

Experimental study of turbulence and flame characteristics on low swirl burner integrated with modified square fractal grids

To leverage the exceptional turbulence merits of the square fractal grid, including bespoke turbulence enhancement and dissipation variation, we investigated a modified square fractal grid(SFG) with a 70% blockage ratio within a low swirl injector framework for gas turbine systems. In the non-reactive flow field of pre-dump regions, we analysed turbulence characteristics such as velocity, intensity, and isotropy across various reduction ratios of bar thickness(RRBT). Results indicate that increasing RRBT enhances turbulence intensity, highlighting the SFG’s bespoke turbulence ability. This contrasts with findings from cross-fractal grid studies, highlighting the SFG’s unique properties. Turbulence dissipation, assessed through integral and Taylor micro scale lengths, revealed that RRBTs shift the dissipation coefficient from Richardson–Kolmogorov equilibrium to a non-equilibrium state, strongly correlating with the Reynolds number based on mesh size. In the reactive flow field, SFG-modulated turbulence resulted in distinct flame shapes, including bowl and W-shapes. The turbulence intensity at RRBT 1.0 notably impacted the reactive flow, with fluctuations 1.7 times higher than at RRBT 0.6. Despite these variations, all SFGs maintained self-similarity, which is crucial for stable low-swirl flame stabilisation. Three distinct turbulence-local displacement turbulent flame speed model—conventional, transitional, and magnified—were integrated into a single model that correlates well with turbulence fluctuations and grid parameters. Furthermore, SFGs significantly reduced NOx emissions across various equivalence ratios. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role of fractal grids in shaping both non-reactive and reactive flow fields, emphasising their potential to enhance bespoke turbulence control, reinforce the flame speed, and reduce emissions in low-swirl combustors.

An examination of ethical leadership in academia: a study of accounting faculty

ABSTRACT This study reports on accounting faculty perceptions of ethical tone-at-the-top (TATT) – indicative of ethical leadership – and explores the relationship of TATT to faculty job satisfaction. Both constructs have international applicability. A sample of 539 survey responses from United States accounting faculty provided data for the analyses. Job satisfaction and perceptions of TATT, proxy measured with the Ethical Leadership Scale and the Behavioral Integrity scale, were found significantly and positively related. Most accounting faculty perceived an ethical TATT, and most faculty were satisfied with their jobs. Nevertheless, about a third did not affirmatively indicate that their direct supervisor reflected an ethical TATT and about a fifth did not affirmatively indicate that they were satisfied with their jobs. Female faculty compared to male faculty, and tenured faculty compared to non-tenured faculty, had lower perceptions of the TATT of their direct supervisors and had less job satisfaction. By improving the TATT in accounting departments, academic leaders can perhaps retain more faculty, decrease unethical behaviors, and provide improved ethics training to future accountants.

Effects of turbulence intensity and integral length scale on wind-induced vibrations of a three-dimensional aeroelastic square cylinder

Despite a wealth of prior research on the effects of free-stream turbulence (FST) on the aerodynamics of square cylinders, there is limited knowledge about their aeroelasticity such as characteristics of wind-induced vibrations that vary with the FST properties. This paper focuses on the investigation of the effects of FST properties including longitudinal turbulence intensity and integral length scale on the wind-induced vibrations of a three-dimensional (3D) aeroelastic square cylinder with an aspect ratio of 10 (a super-tall building model). Through wind tunnel testing, displacements of the aeroelastic model are measured in smooth flow and four turbulent flows to experimentally investigate its characteristics of fluid-solid interaction, including along- and across-wind vibrations, especially vortex-induced vibration and galloping. The effects of the turbulence intensity with a higher-level than previous studies are also investigated. The results show that the root-mean-square (RMS) displacements of the along-wind responses increase with the increase of turbulence intensity and are not affected by integral length scale. For the across-wind responses, in the non-lock-in region, the RMS displacements generally increase with the increase of turbulence intensity. In the lock-in region, the RMS displacements remain unchanged with the increase of turbulence intensity, while increase with the increase of integral length scale. This paper aims to improve the comprehension of the effects of FST on the wind-induced vibrations of 3D square cylinders and to furnish valuable insights for the wind-resistant design of slender structures, such as supertall buildings.

CNN for scalar-source distance estimation in grid-generated turbulence

Countermeasures against material leakage in industrial plants call for rapid leak source estimation techniques based on limited downstream information. Assuming that such scalar diffusion occurs in a turbulent environment, it is necessary to extract features from its instantaneous local concentration distribution and estimate the distance from the observation point to the source. To this end, we proposed an estimation method using a supervised deep learning of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and investigated its estimation performance in grid-generated turbulence fields. The grid turbulence fields were reproduced by direct numerical simulations at three Reynolds numbers (Re), and the CNN was trained using two-dimensional distribution images of passive scalars downstream. We confirmed that the images large enough to cover the spatial integral length scales of the scalar resulted in high estimation accuracy. For images with a coarsened brightness gradation, the small-scale feature of scalar fluctuations was lost, and the CNN attained a low estimation accuracy. By training the CNN with high-Re images, a high estimation accuracy was obtained, even for low-Re images. The opposite case (low-Re training and high-Re estimation) yielded low accuracy, where the CNN significantly underestimated the distance against the source. Based on these results, we discussed the generalizability and essential features to be learned by the CNN.

Does Mild and Moderate Hearing Loss Affect Verbal Working Memory and Language Skills in Children?

Introduction: For a comprehensive approach in children with hearing loss (HL), some cognitive and language skills should also be considered, along with auditory skills. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the working memory and language skills in children with mild to moderate HL. Methods: Forty children with mild to moderate HL between the ages of 4 and 9 years were included in this study. The children with mild and moderate HL were evaluated in two groups. The Meaningless Word Repetition test, Test of Language Development-Primary test, and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale were administered to assess working memory, language skills, and auditory perception, respectively. Also, the relationship between language and memory skills was evaluated. Results: The study found statistically significant correlations between language skills and working memory test scores. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found between children with mild and moderate HL in terms of language and memory skills (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The children with moderate HL demonstrated poorer performance compared to those with mild HL. Even if it is mild, the degree of HL affects children’s language and memory skills. It is emphasized that the relationship between language and working memory should be taken into consideration in auditory rehabilitation programs for these children.

Turbulence Revealed by Wavelet Transform: Power Spectrum and Intermittency for the Velocity Field of the Cosmic Baryonic Fluid

We use continuous wavelet transform techniques to construct the global and environment-dependent wavelet statistics, such as energy spectrum and kurtosis, to study the fluctuation and intermittency of the turbulent motion in the cosmic fluid velocity field with the IllustrisTNG simulation data. We find that the peak scale of the energy spectrum defines a characteristic scale, which can be regarded as the integral scale of turbulence, and the Nyquist wavenumber can be regarded as the dissipation scale. With these two characteristic scales, the energy spectrum can be divided into the energy-containing range, the inertial range, and the dissipation range of turbulence. The wavelet kurtosis is an increasing function of the wavenumber k, which first grows rapidly then slowly with k, indicating that the cosmic fluid becomes increasingly intermittent with k. In the energy-containing range, the energy spectrum increases significantly from z = 2 to 1, but remains almost unchanged from z = 1 to 0. We find that both the environment-dependent spectrum and kurtosis are similar to the global ones, and the magnitude of the spectrum is smallest in the lowest-density and largest in the highest-density environment, suggesting that the cosmic fluid is more turbulent in a high-density than in a low-density environment. In the inertial range, the energy spectrum’s exponent is steeper than both the Kolmogorov and Burgers exponents, indicating more efficient energy transfer compared to Kolmogorov or Burgers turbulence.

Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Simulations as a Testing Ground for PUNCH

The Polarimeter to UNify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) will image macroscopic features of the inner heliosphere and also admit sufficiently high spatial resolution to probe scales of turbulence within the upper end of the inertial range, close to the integral scale. As PUNCH is an imager, its measurements will relate differently to the underlying turbulent environment of the outer corona and inner heliosphere from more familiar in situ samples. We present a numerical study that combines magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulence together with FORWARD-modeling synthesis of white-light data via the FORWARD code. We show that (i) the “usual” turbulence scalings are modified by the integration along the LOS in an optically thin medium, and (ii) those scalings are still linked to the original properties of the turbulent field. This study is a first step in the process of analyzing and understanding the unprecedented information that PUNCH will provide.

Electrostatically Interacting Wannier Qubits in Curved Space

A derivation of a tight-binding model from Schrödinger formalism for various topologies of position-based semiconductor qubits is presented in the case of static and time-dependent electric fields. The simplistic tight-binding model enables the description of single-electron devices at a large integration scale. The case of two electrostatically Wannier qubits (also known as position-based qubits) in a Schrödinger model is presented with omission of spin degrees of freedom. The concept of programmable quantum matter can be implemented in the chain of coupled semiconductor quantum dots. Highly integrated and developed cryogenic CMOS nanostructures can be mapped to coupled quantum dots, the connectivity of which can be controlled by a voltage applied across the transistor gates as well as using an external magnetic field. Using the anti-correlation principle arising from the Coulomb repulsion interaction between electrons, one can implement classical and quantum inverters (Classical/Quantum Swap Gate) and many other logical gates. The anti-correlation will be weakened due to the fact that the quantumness of the physical process brings about the coexistence of correlation and anti-correlation at the same time. One of the central results presented in this work relies on the appearance of dissipation-like processes and effective potential renormalization building effective barriers in both semiconductors and in superconductors between not bended nanowire regions both in classical and in quantum regimes. The presence of non-straight wire regions is also expressed by the geometrical dissipative quantum Aharonov–Bohm effect in superconductors/semiconductors when one obtains a complex value vector potential-like field. The existence of a Coulomb interaction provides a base for the physical description of an electrostatic Q-Swap gate with any topology using open-loop nanowires, with programmable functionality. We observe strong localization of the wavepacket due to nanowire bending. Therefore, it is not always necessary to build a barrier between two nanowires to obtain two quantum dot systems. On the other hand, the results can be mapped to the problem of an electron in curved space, so they can be expressed with a programmable position-dependent metric embedded in Schrödinger’s equation. The semiconductor quantum dot system is capable of mimicking curved space, providing a bridge between fundamental and applied science in the implementation of single-electron devices.