Sarcoptes Scabiei Research Articles

Incidence of Mange Infestation in Rabbits

Background: Farmers raise rabbits in abundance in Iraq. Scabies infestation is one of the most prevalent diseases in rabbits. The current study investigates the rabbits’ infestation with scabies that cause severe complications such as itchy alopecia, hyperkeratosis, anorexia, self-trauma, and weight loss. In short, the disease has high morbidity and mortality and creates heavy economic losses for farmers. Objectives: This study was designed to detect mange infestation in rabbits using microscopic examination of skin scraping. This study is the first to investigate mange infestation in rabbits in Mosul City, Iraq. Methods: A total of 130 rabbits were examined, and their skin lesions were scraped. Results: Of 130 rabbits, 56(43.1%) were infested with mange, including Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi (n=50, 38.5%), Psoroptes cuniculi (n=32, 25%), Notoedres cati var. cuniculi (n=26, 20%), Demodex cuniculi (n=12, 9%), and Cheyletiella spp. (n=4, 3%), with the high infestation rate for S. scabiei var. cuniculi and the lowest rate for Cheyletiella spp. The significant lesions were hyperkeratosis followed by alopecia, then pruritus on many body areas (head, ears, abdomen, back, legs, tail, and perineal area). The highest infestation rate was found on the abdomen and back, while the lowest was on the tail and perineal area. There are significant differences according to age, while no significant differences between the males and females and among three types of infestation (single, double, and mixed). Conclusion: The rabbits were infested with several species with different percentages. There was no significant difference in infestation rates between males and females, although there was a difference between younger and older animals. Lastly, a significant difference was clear among the three types of infestation, and the double one was the dominant infestation rate with 50%.

Frequent Misdiagnosis of Scabies as Eczema in China: A Descriptive Study of 23 Cases.

To outline the clinical manifestations observed in patients with scabies misdiagnosed as generalized eczema, analyse the factors contributing to these misdiagnoses and explore potential reasons for the resurgence of scabies. A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the patients with scabies misdiagnosed as generalized eczema. We included 23 patients, with twelve (52.17%) being male and eleven (47.83%) female. The illness duration ranged from 0.5 to 7 months. Among all patients, 12 (52.17%) were residents of nursing homes, 5 (21.74%) were staff members of these facilities, 4 (17.39%) were caregivers of long-term hospitalized relatives, 1 (4.35%) was a construction worker, and 1 (4.35%) had a history of tourism. The rash predominantly affected the trunk and extremities, 12 patients (52.17%) are each involved the perineum and fingers webbings. The presentations included erythema, papules, and nodules. The main complaint of all patients was nocturnal itch. Under direct microscopy, 5 patients (21.74%) tested positive for scabies mites, and 3 (13.04%) showed histopathological features consistent with scabies. All patients were initially misdiagnosed with generalized eczema. Over half of all patients diagnosed with scabies either resided or worked in long-term care facilities. The lack of awareness of scabies among medical staff in long-term care facilities readily led to frequent misdiagnosis. Comprehensive measures should be implemented urgently to strengthen disease management.

Small but Mighty Enemies of the Skin: Scabies Mites and Bedbugs

This review offers an overview of scabies and bedbug infestations, covering their characteristics, life cycles, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods. These parasitic conditions are significant dermatological concerns caused by Sarcoptes scabiei and bedbug species such as Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus, respectively. Scabies mites burrow into the skin, causing intense itching and various skin lesions, while bedbugs are nocturnal insects that feed on human blood, leading to itchy, red lesions. These infestations involve multiple stages, with scabies mites being active at temperatures above 20℃ and bedbugs capable of surviving for extended periods without feeding under optimal conditions. Diagnosis often relies on clinical examination, dermoscopy, microscopic analysis of the skin for mites, eggs, or feces in the case of scabies, and detailed inspections for bedbugs. Treatment for scabies involves applying permethrin cream, while bedbug bites generally resolve within a few weeks with symptomatic treatment to prevent secondary infections. The increasing incidence of these infestations calls for heightened awareness and understanding among healthcare providers and the public to effectively manage and control their spread.

MANAGEMENT OF SCABIOSIS WITH ANCYLOSTOMIOSIS IN LOCAL BREED PUPPY

Parasitic disease is the most common problem found in dogs, caused by endoparasites and ectoparasites. Sarcoptes scabiei is one of the ectoparasites that can infect dogs and is zoonotic. Hookworm infection in dogs is one of the endoparasites and also zoonotic. The purpose of this case report is to find out the effectiveness of the treatment used in treating scabiosis and ancylostomyosis in puppies. A case dog named Selen with a local breed, female, itching with a level of pruritus 8/10, hair loss around the eyes, ears, neck, dorsal, cranial and caudal extremities, tail, and caudal parts. Crusts on the ears, several spots on the front and back extremities, and erythema on the neck and back. Observed blood spots in the stool which had a mushy consistency fecal scoring 5/7. The physical examination was continued with a skin examination which was carried out using the skin scraping method which showed Sarcoptes scabiei agents, stool examination using the floating method showed the presence of Ancylostoma sp.’s egg and a Complete Blood Count showed that the dog had hypochromic normocytic anemia, lymphocytosis, granulocytosis, thrombocytosis, and eosinophilia. Treatment is carried out with causative treatment, anthelmintic pyrantel pamoate (Cazitel®) and antiparasitic sarolaner (Simparica®), symptomatic treatment of antihistamine Chlorpheniramine Maleate, metronidazole antibiotics, and vitamin B complex as supportive therapy (Livron®). On evaluation day 14, the rate of pruritus decreased to 2/10. In the previously alopecia, crusting, and erythema began to show improvement. Stool no longer contains blood spots with a solid consistency fecal scoring 2/7.

Parasites burden in peri-urban free-roaming pigs in Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

Parasite infections, unlike regulated animal diseases, do not often receive attention. In fact, parasites are major sources of financial losses in pig enterprises, particularly in subsistence and small-scale pig production systems. To identify and quantify the prevalence of ecto- and endo-parasites among peri-urban free-roaming pigs (FRP) in Gert Sibande District Municipality (GSDM), Mpumalanga. Pig owners were identified using the snowball sampling method since no sampling frame for FRP farmers exists. Stratified sampling was used to select pigs for sampling for ecto- and endo-parasites. A form was used to record the observations. Pairwise correlation analysis was performed using Stata 15.0. The SPSS V28.0 statistical package was used to perform the chi-square test (X2) to assess the distribution of parasites in different age groups. The prevalence of parasites was assessed in different age groups of pigs using multi-response crosstabs. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to estimate the marginal mean of parasites according to municipality. Statistical significance was assessed at α ≤ 0.05. Over 90% (91.2%) of the pigs examined were infested with at least one parasite, including Haematopinus suis, Sarcoptes scabiei, Ascaris suum, Fasciola hepatica, Trichuris suis, Strongylids, Coccidia spp, Moniezia expansa, and Siphonaptera spp. The correlation between Ascaris suum and body condition was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.24; p < 0.05). Policy makers, animal researchers and veterinary services must focus on developing policies, risk communication and community engagement materials, which target pig farmers in peri-urban areas such as Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga Province.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan tentang Pengelolaan Scabies pada Santriwati Pondok Pesantren Modern

Scabies is a skin disease caused by an infestation of the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which creates tunnels that cause clinical manifestations of itching at night. Health promotion through health hygiene literacy for scabies prevention is essential in various literature. Education is the delivery of health information and an effort to increase motivation/enthusiasm, skills, and confidence in carrying out health actions related to scabies management. According to the author, this comprehensive solution, besides increasing the literacy of individual students and teachers, also increases sustainability in a more comprehensive management of scabies in the future. A total of 60 people, consisting of 56 female students and 4 ustadzah, voluntarily participated in this activity to completion. An indicator of the effectiveness of implementing this activity is improving management knowledge as measured by the participants' pre vs post-test scores. There is a significant average increase in knowledge of scabies management. If we look at the proportion of participants who experienced an increase in their knowledge of scabies management, it was found that 95 percent of the participants had an increase in their knowledge, indicating the effectiveness and sustainability of this educational program. Education that aims to increase knowledge of scabies management as a whole runs effectively and shows the sustainability of this program in the future. These results are expected to increase independence in managing scabies effectively in modern Islamic boarding schools.

Aspek parasitologi Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis

Sarcoptes scabiei (Dee Geer) adalah tungau penyebab penyakit skabies atau kudis. Tungau hidup di lapisan kulit manusia dan hewan mamalia. Saat ini taksonomi spesies S. scabiei dibedakan berdasarkan hospes/inang sehingga S. scabiei yang hidup di manusia disebut S. scabiei var. hominis. Upaya pengendalian dan pemberantasan skabies di manusia terutama ditingkat komunitas memerlukan pemahaman mengenai S. scabiei sebagai agen penyebab penyakit dan interaksi dengan manusia sebagai tempat hidupnya. Artikel ini membahas S. scabiei var. hominis ditinjau dari biologi tungau dan interaksi antara tungau dengan manusia.

In vitro Evaluation of Nerium oleander Leaf Extract against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi Mite Isolated from Naturally Infested Rabbits

Background: Infestation of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi is one of the most frequent skin diseases in rabbits all over the world. Disease is characterized by intense pruritus, alopecia, erythema, scales and crusts around the head, neck, trunk, feet, ears, nose and genitals, resulting in hypertensive reactions, considerable losses in body weight and productivity causing significant economic losses in rabbit production. Methods: This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nerium oleander extract against S. scabiei var. cuniculi mite in vitro. Acaricidal bioassay,a dipping method was conducted on mites isolated from naturally infested rabbits. PBS and ivermectin were used as the negative and positive controls, respectively. In addition, three different concentrations of extract (100, 200 and 400 ìg/ml) weretested at different periods and changes over time in the viability of mites were registered for (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours). A chemical assay was performed via GC-MS to investigate the presence of several anticipated active chemical compounds in Nerium oleander leaf extract. Result: The results showed that the extract had high efficacy in killing mites at 100%, 78% and 49% and ivermectin 91%, respectively, for 8 hours. The results indicate that Nerium oleander possesses effective compounds as a valuable therapeutic method for treating scabies. Further studies are needed to determine the precise active chemicals present in Nerium oleander leaf extract and their modes of action and application in vivo.

Nutritional composition of plants and preliminary assessment of nutrition in free-ranging bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus)

Nutrition is essential for not only survival but also successful growth and reproduction. Dietary demands are increased in a diseased state due to the increased energy and nutritional requirements associated with immune response, inflammation and convalescence. The herbivorous bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) is notably susceptible to sarcoptic mange, a disease caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, which causes debilitating pruritic skin disease and leads to secondary bacterial infections and increased wombat morbidity and mortality, as well as regionally variable population declines. It is unknown why wombats are so susceptible to sarcoptic mange and if nutrition may play a role in disease expression, particularly relating to seasonality. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in the nutritive value, over four seasons, of plants (mostly grasses and sedges) that are available as food items for bare-nosed wombats. We collected plants over four seasons from five wombat habitats that were known to have wombats affected by sarcoptic mange. We found seasonal and site differences for macro and micronutrients in the plants analysed. Monitoring the diet quality of wombats in the wild is useful for managing their populations and understanding population dynamics in relation to food resource quality.

Norwegian scabies in a patient with Down syndrome – case report

Scabies is a highly infectious dermatosis. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. The available estimates indicate more than 400 million cases of scabies annually. The main route of infection is direct skin contact. The main symptoms such as pruritus appear 3–6 weeks after infection. Additionally, papules, erythema, erosions, excoriations, and crusts may be visible. One of the rarest forms of scabies is Norwegian scabies. This is the most severe variant. Its clinical picture may resemble psoriasis. In the article, we present the case of a 21-year-old patient with Down syndrome who was admitted to the department of dermatology with a diagnosis of psoriasis. During hospitalization, due to clinical doubts, it was decided to extend the diagnostics. Basing on the microscopic examination, Norwegian scabies was diagnosed. The treatment involved oral ivermectin and topical 5% permethrin, which resulted in a remission of the skin lesions and the resolution of itching. Key words: Sarcoptes scabiei, Scabies, Crusted scabies, Permethrin, Ivermectin

Инсектоакарицидная эффективность современного отечественного антипаразитарного препарата OKVET® EXPRESSTABS®

Currently, there is an urgent issue about import substitution with highly effective domestic drugs used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of diseases of parasitic etiology: ixodidosis, aphonipterosis, trichodectosis, otodectosis, sarcoptic mange and others. The article presents data on the study of the insectoacaricidal effectiveness of the modern domestic antiparasitic drug OKVET® EXPRESSTABS ® tablets on dogs spontaneously infested with Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ctenocephalides canis, Trichodectes canis, Otodectos cynotis and Sarcoptes spp. As a result of the studies, it was found that the acaricidal effectiveness of the drug OKVET® antiparasitic tablets for ixodidosis lasts 35 days, the insecticidal effect against Ctenocephalides canis and Trichodectes canis in dogs was observed already 2 days after use and lasts 42–45 days, and an acaricidal effect was also established against scabies mites Otodectos cynotis and Sarcoptes spp., since scabies mites were not diagnosed in dogs on the 28th day after application. These studies indicate high effectiveness OKVET® antiparasitic tablets, which are not inferior to imported analogues.

PERSONAL HYGIENE AND THE INCIDENT OF SCABIES: COMPREHENSIVE CASE MANAGEMENT AT PHC SURABAYA HOSPITAL

Introduction: One of the risk factors for scabies is poor hygiene. Scabies is a skin condition caused by infestation and sensitization to the Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis mite. While scabies can be treated, it is often diagnosed late, leading to delayed treatment and easy spread within groups. Objective: This paper aims to present a case of scabies in a patient who contracted the infection within the school environment, emphasizing the importance of hygiene and health awareness, particularly regarding skin health, to prevent disease transmission. Case Report: The patient presented to the Skin and Venereology Clinic at PHC Hospital with complaints of generalized itching persisting for 3 months, similar to symptoms experienced by classmates. The itching was accompanied by the presence of small ulcers. Treatment involved the application of Sulfur precipitatum Cream 10%, Krotamiton Cream 10%, and Permethrin Cream 5% once, to be left on for 8-10 hours (with a repeat application after 1 week), along with Cetirizine 10 mg. Conclusion: After weekly evaluations over 3 months, coupled with pharmacological therapy and adherence to hygiene practices, the patient returned symptom-free and without complications.

МИЦЕЛЛЯРНАЯ ВОДНАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ N-ДЕЦИЛПИРИДИНИЙ ХЛОРИДА ДЛЯ СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ 5-НИТРО-4,6-ДИХЛОРБЕНЗОФУРОКСАНА

Biologically active compound 5-nitro-4,6-dichlorobenzofuroxane (5NDCBFO) has a pronounced acaricidal, fungicidal activity and is a part of veterinary preparations used in the treatment of fungal skin diseases of animals and demodecosis caused by scabies mites of Psoroptes cuniculi species. In this connection, the determination of 5NDCBFO content is relevant. To improve the analytical performance, the determination of the analyte was carried out in a micellar system of N-decylpyridinium chloride (DPC) + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + water. Optimum conditions for spectrophotometric analysis were obtained by applying response surface methodology and Box-Benken plans. The Box-Behnken design was used to obtain the systems with the highest light absorption of 5NDCBFO. The independent factors chosen for the experiment planning were the concentration of DPX (X1), pH of the medium (X2) and the volume fraction of DMSO in the binary solvent (DMSO) (X3), the intensity of the absorption band A382 served as the target function. The optimal matrix of the system DPC + DMSO + water we found has the composition X1 = 0.94; X2 = 1; X3 = 1, or in decoded values C (DPC) = 0.087 mol/L; pH = 7.6; DMSO = 0.2. The calibration graph under optimum conditions is as follows: Y = A382= 0.046 + 8760 C (5NDCBFO) mol/L, R2 = 0.999, l = 1 cm, t = 25 C. The influence of sample components on the results of analytical determinations was studied and it was found that the spectrophotometric determination of the analyte was not hindered by their presence within wide limits. The correctness of the analytical determinations was established by the results of applying the technique to the analysis of a model mixture including a known amount of the determined substances. The consistency of the analyte contents found in relation to the quantities introduced was shown. The use of response surface methodology for the determination of 5-nitro-4,6-dichlorobenzofuroxane in biologically active preparations allowed to develop a selective and accurate technique using micellar media and spectrophotometric method of analysis.

Prevalence of scabies and associated factors among Governmental Elementary School Students in Gondar town Northwest Ethiopia

Scabies is an infestation of the skin by the human itch female mite. Scabies infestation provides an important portal of entry for bacteria and complement inhibitors from scabies mites.

Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies

Background: Scabies is a highly contagious skin disease caused by scabies mite infestation, resulting in intense itching. In 2023, the Korean Dermatological Association is actively implementing the “Eradication of Scabies, National Health Project” as a key initiative. Under this project, educational programs for sanatoriums and other group residential facilities, as well as nationwide public awareness campaigns, are being conducted. An expert committee of dermatologists has developed standardized clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies.Current Concepts: The clinical presentation of scabies varies depending on the age and health status of the patient, the number of scabies mites, and the mode of transmission. Characteristic skin symptoms include intense itching that worsens at night and the presence of burrows and red, inflamed papules on typical areas such as finger webs, inner wrists, scrotum, and around the umbilicus. In older adults or immunocompromised infants, scabies may involve the scalp, face, palms, and soles. Atypical skin findings such as excessive hyperkeratosis, nodules, and other unusual manifestations may also occur.Discussion and Conclusion: Using the scabies diagnostic and treatment algorithm, healthcare professionals in Korean clinical settings can make rapid medical decisions when examining patients with scabies. This algorithm provides a systematic and straightforward approach to diagnosing and treating scabies effectively and improves patient care and management in real time.

Healthcare users' knowledge and experiences regarding the management of scabies in the Deder district, Ethiopia.

Scabies is an ectoparasitic, highly contagious skin disease caused by a human itch mite infestation of the skin, and it is the leading cause of morbidity and disease burden in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate healthcare users' current knowledge and experiences with scabies management provided at primary healthcare facilities. A qualitative research design was used to address the research objectives. Focus group interviews with 58 health care users were used to collect data. Thematic analysis was performed on the verbatim transcriptions using Tesch's approach. The findings showed that the knowledge of healthcare users who participated in the study on scabies, its management, prevention, and control was limited. Health care users experience different challenges regarding scabies and the management thereof. Five themes emerged after data analysis. These were knowledge regarding scabies, knowledge regarding the management of scabies, knowledge regarding the prevention of scabies, perceptions regarding receiving treatment for scabies, and recommendations regarding the availability of materials and medication. Healthcare users in the area had limited knowledge and experienced different challenges regarding scabies and their management. These challenges contribute to low-quality health services with undesirable health outcomes. To narrow this gap, consistent and programed health education was provided to the community through different modalities by using the existing health system to increase awareness regarding scabies. Following the implementation of community awareness, each community member was positioned to prevent and control scabies.

Scabbia: presentazione clinica e trattamento

Scabies is a skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei variant hominis, an obligate human parasite. The infestation, whose incidence is often underestimated, is widespread with a higher prevalence within the paediatric age, particularly in children under the age of 2. In young children diagnosis can be challenging because of the differences in appearance and location of skin lesions, especially in the neonatal forms. Neonatal scabies has no treatment approved by European guidelines, and the most widely used drug in infants such as permethrin is off-label under 2 months of age. This article describes a case of neonatal scabies. The patient presented with vesicle-crusted erythematous elongated lesions on the trunk and papular lesions in the axillary region, with minor involvement of the upper limbs. Clinical suspect was then confirmed through dermatoscopy. 5% permethrin cream was applied for three consecutive days with a 3-hour exposure time. The treatment was repeated one week after the latest application for two consecutive days and was extended to all family members.

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Tentang Skabies Dengan Metode Diskusi Pada Santri Putri Pondok Pesantren Al-Masyrifah Palimanan Kabupaten Cirebon

Scabies is a skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. Scabies is easily transmitted in densely populated areas such as Islamic boarding school dormitories. The aim of this community service activity is to provide health education about scabies to female students at the Al-Masyrifah Palimanan Islamic Boarding School, Cirebon. The method used is focus group discussion. A total of 40 female students were divided into 4 discussion groups. The results show an increase in students' knowledge and awareness about the symptoms, causes, modes of transmission, and efforts to prevent scabies. Interactive discussions also trigger critical questions and exchange of information between students. At the end of the session, an example of WHO's 6 steps of hand washing practice was given. It was concluded that health education through group discussions was effective in increasing female students' knowledge and awareness about scabies prevention in the Islamic boarding school environment.

Santri dan Gudig: Studi Analisis Pendidikan dan Kesehatan di Pondok Pesantren Kabupaten Tegal

Gudik or its Latin name Scabies is a skin disease characterized by intense itching and caused by a small tick called sarcoptes scabiei. These fleas/bacteria secrete saliva, eggs and feces. gudig or scabies infects most students/students who live in dormitories or boarding schools, this can be caused by several possibilities including lack of personal hygiene, starting from body hygiene to the clothes they wear every day. This research is field research with a case study, namely a study conducted at the Tarbiyatul Mubtadiin Danawarih Islamic Boarding School, Balapulang Subdistrict, a place chosen as a location to investigate objective symptoms that occur at that location. The approach taken is a qualitative approach and the data collection techniques of this research are observation, interview and documentation. The results of this study show that: 1. This secabies disease mostly attacks new students, but it does not rule out the possibility that old or senior students are also affected by sacabies 2. Scabies among the boarding school also does not affect these students to continue to study diligently because the students at the Tarbiyatul Mubtaidiin Islamic Boarding School believe that scabies or gudig disease is one of the tests that must be passed.

Camera traps reveal a high prevalence of sarcoptic mange in red foxes from northern Spain

The mite Sarcoptes scabiei affects numerous mammal species causing the sarcoptic mange, a widespread disease with relevance for wildlife conservation, welfare, and management. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) could become infested by direct and indirect routes leading to external skin lesions potentially recognizable by devices such as camera traps (CTs). In the present study, 86 randomly placed CTs were used to investigate the apparent prevalence and severity of S. scabiei in a red fox population from northern Spain. Their potential environmental and population-related drivers were also assessed. A total of 341 independent encounters were examined to visually identify mange-compatible lesions. The apparent prevalence was 19.16% (confidence interval (CI) 95%: 15.08–23.80) of which 82.81% (CI95%: 71.33–91.10) were severe. Our results revealed that habitat attributes such as lower altitudes, higher coverage of water-linked habitats and woodland predominance, were significant predictors of the apparent risk of mange. The models also suggested that the apparent prevalence of mange was associated with poor body condition and elevated frequencies of spatial coincidence among fox encounters, which facilitates indirect transmission. Interestingly, we did not observe mange-compatible lesions in other sympatric wild species (>15,000 encounters examined). This could be explained by the mite's host specificity and the low probability that these other potential hosts use sites where transmission among foxes usually occurs, such as dens. This study illustrates how camera trapping can be used as an interesting tool for the surveillance of wildlife diseases, thus overcoming the logistic constraints derived from direct sampling and allowing the early detection and better management of pathogens in the riskiest areas.