Santa Fe De Research Articles

Real-world data of a cohort of patients with EGFR mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), follow up of 52 months in Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota.

e19287 Background: In Colombia, clinical information about EGFR mutated metastatic NSCLC is deficient. The goal of this study is to describe the characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of patients as a real-world evidence from a single institution from Colombia. Methods: This is an observational study of a cohort of patients with EGFR mutated metastatic NSCLC. We did follow up for 52 months and analyzed molecular, clinical and epidemiological characteristics, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OSm) and treatment related complications. Results: Sixteen patients were included. 81.2% were female and 18.2% male patients. All patients with ECOG 0-2. Previous smoking history was reported in 31.2%. 25% of the patients had brain metastasis and 18.7% had high volume disease (three or more sites of metastasis). The mutations reported were: 62.5% exon 19 deletion, 31.2% L858R mutation, 0.06% exon 19 insertion, 12.5% truncal T790M mutation. The PFS and the OSm for the whole cohort were 14.6 months and 25 months respectively. As a first line of treatment 25% of the patients received erlotinib (PFS 11.7m and OSm 26.6m), 37.5% gefitinib (PFS 12m and OSm 14.6m), 25% afatinib (PFS 16.6m and OSm has not been reached) and 12.5% osimertinib without progression, during 10.5m of follow up. After 52 months, 50% of the patients had progressed. After the progression, rebiopsy was performed in all patients, T790M mutation was detected in 50%, and 50% of these patients died with OSm of 3m with a fast clinical worsening. In relation with grade 3-4 toxicity it was one case of hepatotoxicity with afatinib, with gefitinib 2/6 patients had diarrhea, with erlotinib one case of hematotoxicity and with osimertinib 1/6 patients developed hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of our cohort was similar to previous reports in the literature. Additionally, molecular behavior was concordant with other reports in Latin America, with a higher incidence of exon 19 deletion. Gefitinib was the most frequent treatment used, probably due to non-availability of other therapies such as afatinib or osimertinib in our country until 2018 and 2019 respectively. There were no differences in PFS or OSm according to anti-EGFR treatment and molecular behavior. The OS was lower than reported in clinical trials in gefitinib treatment group, this finding requires validation in bigger cohort of patients, but is real world data that can partially explain these results.

<p><strong>A new species of Capparidastrum (Capparaceae Juss.) from the Cauca inter Andean valley of Colombia</strong></p>

We describe and illustrate a new species of Capparidastrum subgen. Pulviniglans (Capparaceae). Capparidastrum dugandii occurs in tropical dry forest fragments of the Colombian inter-Andean valley of the Dagua River, near the municipality of Santa Fe de Antioquia. Capparidastrum dugandii is distinguished from other species of subgen. Pulviniglans molecularly and by the lowest number of stamens (18–20). In addition, the species is endemic to the Cauca biogeographic province.

Percepciones de dignidad y respeto en Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo

ObjectiveIntensive Care Units (ICU) have been described as spaces of dehumanization in health, in part, because of the strong presence of technoscience in the doctor-patient meeting. These scenarios can give way to hospital experiences in the ICU as unworthy and disrespectful. This study, therefore, aims to know dignity and respect perceptions of patients hospitalized in the ICU and their families, through their narratives. DesignThe study, mixed with a dominant qualitative design, collected information through the Associations Network and a semi-structured interview derived from it, in 15 subjects (6 relatives and 9 patients) hospitalized in the ICU of the Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota. ResultsThe results of the analysis can be concluded by 2 points: first, the gap created by the technified language implies a semantic distance in the horizon of senses that the patient has versus that of the doctor himself; and second, technology dehumanizes medical exercise, but because it has created a change in the doctor-patient relationship, now: doctor-machine-patient, where the machine seems to legitimize the patient's discourse.

P764 Phenotypic analysis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: 23 year data of a centre in a South American country

Abstract Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) includes Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn Disease (CD). In the last decade, there have been introduced therapeutic changes that have revolutionised the pharmacologic and surgical management of patients with IBD. The incidence of UC and CD has been increasing in Latin America but the exact prevalence is unknown. Our objective is to describe the demographic characteristics, clinical and therapeutic aspects of the IBD in patients that have presented in the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (UH-FSFB), Colombia. Methods Retrospective Descriptive Cohort Study. Clinical histories, pathology reports, and endoscopic results from data base HI-ISIS of the UH-FSFB and medical data between January 1996 and February 2019 were recollected, stored in Excel and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Visor. Patients with diagnosis of IBD were included. Patients with incomplete clinical histories were excluded. Results From 398 patients included in this study, 72.1% had UC, 25.6% CD and 2.3% Indeterminate Colitis. The average age of diagnosis was 43.54 years (range: 12–91). In both patients with UC and CD there were smaller proportions of men than women (0.9:1 for UC and 0.7:1 for CD). Of the patients with UC, 46.3% had been hospitalised. 37.2% presented with proctitis, 23.8% left colitis and 39% with pancolitis. 13.5% had an asymptomatic clinical disease, 22.4% mild, 15.3% moderate, and 48.8% severe. 12.9% received biological therapy (BT). 24.3% of patients received a second line BT. Fifteen per cent required surgical interventions (SI), of which there were no mortalities. 27% who were receiving BT required SI. Of the patients with CD, 82.4% required hospitalisation. 43.1% had an ileal, 9.8% colonic, 39.2% ileal- colonic, 0% isolated upper digestive and 21.6% perianal compromise. 34.3% had non-stenosing behaviour, 49% stenosing and 16.7% penetrating. 44.1% of patients with CD received BT of which 40% required a second line BT. 55.9% required SI, of which 1 mortality was reported. 71.1% who were receiving BT required a SI. Conclusion Our study contributes to the epidemiology and integral management required by patients with IBD in our environment. More studies are recommended that replicate our methodology in the population with IBD in both Colombia and Latin America.

Theatre and Cartographies of Power: Repositioning the Latina/o Americas ed. by Jimmy A. Noriega, Analola Santana

Reviewed by: Theatre and Cartographies of Power: Repositioning the Latina/o Americas ed. by Jimmy A. Noriega, Analola Santana Paola Hernandez Theatre and Cartographies of Power: Repositioning the Latina/o Americas. Edited by Jimmy A. Noriega and Analola Santana. Theater in the Americas series. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2018; pp. 320. As their title indicates, in this book, Jimmy Noriega and Analola Santana explore new ways of understanding Latin American and Latino/a theatre by taking a wide and inclusive approach to theatrical practices and practitioners. Utilizing a clever strategy of mapping “cartographies of power,” the introduction to this book strives “to complicate and (re) envision the spaces and significances of Latin American and Latina/o performance practices” (1). It disrupts a hierarchical way of understanding the Americas as North/South or West/East binomials, recognizing that the theatre of the Americas benefits from a new “approach [that] argues for a scholarly shift from the United States as America to the United States as part of the Americas” (5; emphasis in original). Their inclusive and fluid study of theatre in the Latino/a Americas results in a compilation of quite distinct voices from scholars, artists, and practitioners whose points of view and relations to the theatre vary, sometimes drastically. The book offers this plethora of voices in order to expand the notion of what and how theatre and performance practices from this hemisphere are produced and studied. The volume is divided into five parts, each of which offers examples of how key scholars and artists in the field define, understand, and even complicate their own theatrical cartographies. In the first part, “Crafting Theoretical Frameworks from beyond the US Borders,” Violeta Luna, whose powerful photograph graces the cover of the book, is the first of many artists in the volume to focus on images of bodies as political spaces and territorial constructions. With introspection on her performance piece Vírgenes y Diosas, she explores the “cultural in-betweenness” (27) of popular culture, Mexican Catholic, and Aztec iconographies. Ileana Diéguez writes about the current violence in Mexico through the lens of how pain can be experienced in performance (46). Focusing on different performative practices that call attention to the forty-three students disappeared form Ayotzinapa, she argues that it is impossible to imagine ourselves separate from the victims. Jorge Dubatti demonstrates how the concepts of teatro-matriz and liminality help us to think beyond what is usually categorized as “theatre” to consider theatre as part of a larger network that explores the human condition. In the second part, “Rethinking Histories of Geography,” artists and scholars revisit how conquest and colonialism restructured the geopolitical understanding of the Americas. Gad Guterman and Brian Eugenio Herrera study the encounters between colonizers and colonized. Herrera’s historical essay argues that conquistador Oñote’s auto (1598), performed in what is now New Mexico, was the first of such brutal spectacles of dominance that would allow subsequent “enactments of encounter” as didactic Spanish performances of conquest (84). Guterman shows how Fernando de Orbea’s late-seventeenth/early eighteenth-century piece La conquista de Santa Fe de Bogotá (Colombia) is a resistance play that, through invention and imagination, conceives of new ways to be a criollo. Diana Taylor offers an excellent analysis of Earth by renowned Guatemalan performance artist Regina José Galindo, in which the artist uses her body to expose violence that relates to her and her country: genocide, violence against women, and colonialism. Artists Migdalia Cruz and Virginia Grise offer their own personal journeys as migrating bodies that occupy different spaces, cultures, and languages. One of this volume’s major contributions is its examination of race and ethnicity from Brazil, Panama, and Indigenous communities in Mexico. In part 3, “The Historical Body: Race and Ethnicity,” Katherine Zien offers an excellent study of the representations of race, class, nation, and empire in minstrel acts in the Canal Zone in the early twentieth century. Similarly, Carlos Cortez Minchillo studies race relations in Brazil through an analysis of black theatre groups such as Teatro Experimental do Negro (1944) and Bando de Teatro Olodum (1987) that have created new spaces for black actors and audiences. Debra Castillo looks...

Medición de la injusticia ambiental sobre poblaciones vulnerables y carenciadas por anegamientos pluviales: Un análisis en Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz (Argentina) basado en SIG

Los anegamientos producidos por lluvias intensas, recurrentes en muchas ciudades emplazadas dentro de planicies aluviales y con deficiente escorrentía, suelen ocasionar dispares grados de afección en la población, susceptibles de valorar desde la emergente perspectiva de la justicia ambiental. En esta aportación se pretende evaluar la exposición diferencial a dos eventos de anegamiento hídrico-pluvial por parte de varios grupos sociales vulnerables y con privaciones en la ciudad de Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz (Argentina) para desvelar posibles injusticias. Metodológicamente se delimitó el área urbana poblada (AUP), como ámbito relevante, y se seleccionó un conjunto de indicadores sociodemográficos expresando vulnerabilidad y privaciones humanas. El análisis recurrió intensamente a la tecnología SIG y a la técnica estadística de la χ², para estimar, como resultados relevantes, qué grupos sociodemográficos y qué partes de la ciudad han sufrido una sobre-afección calificable de injusta. La confrontación con los hallazgos de otros autores permitió reivindicar una mejor exactitud de nuestros resultados para el caso estudiado y postular la idoneidad y utilidad de la metodología adoptada en la planificación y gestión urbana, al considerar unas injusticias ambientales largamente soslayadas.

Ant assemblage composition and structure in different land uses in Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia

The Agrarian Station Cotove is located in Santa Fe de Antioquia, an area of tropical dry forest in which agricultural activities have been carried out for more than 40 years, which have transformed their original ecosystems and modifi ed the environmental conditions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the composition and structure of ants in five sites with different land uses: fruit trees, silvopasture, secondary forest, grass for cutting, and pastures with low density of trees. In each land use, three transects of 100m each were located, inside, inside-edge, and edge, taking a sample every 20m to a depth of 10cm. In each site, the ants were identified to morphospecies, and classified by trophic guilds and by functional groups. The diversity index for each land uses were determined. We collected 5239 ants, grouped in 253 colonies, belonging to 23 genera and 37 morphospecies of subfamilies Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Formicinae y Ecitoninae. Species diversity was highest in secondary forest and fruit trees, while the dominance was higher in silvopasture and pastures with low density of trees. Secondary forest and fruit trees showed the highest value of shared morphospecies. The omnivorous and predator’s trophic guilds were the best represented, and regarding functional groups, we found a high proportion of tropical climate specialists and Myrmicinae generalists.

Cochlear implant in patients with single sided deafness: hearing results and communicative benefits

Objective: Evaluate auditory results and communicative benefits in adult patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) treated with cochlear implantation.Study Design: Observational descriptive case series.Setting: Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá.Patients: Ten patients with profound post-lingual SSD were treated with cochlear implantation between January 2011 and March 2016. Two patients were excluded because of incomplete follow-up.Interventions: Medical records included demographic information, pre and post-operative audiometric results, and binaural and monoaural speech discrimination tests in three sound-in-noise configurationswith the cochlear implant turned on and off, respectively. Subjective improvement was evaluated using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) and Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ-B).Main Outcome Measures: Pre and post-operative audiometric and speech discrimination results, post-operative binaural and monoaural speech discrimination in noise results, and APHAB and SSQ-B questionnaire results.Results: Significant improvement in speech discrimination in a noisy environment was found when the noise and signal were presented from the front, and when the signal was presented to the implanted ear and the noise to the healthy ear. SSQ-B questionnaire showed improvement in all subscales, while APHAB showed improvement in all subscales except sound aversion.Conclusion: Patients with SSD showed improvement regarding communication skills and sound discrimination in a noisy environment.

La industria ósea de Los Millares. De Luis Siret a hoy

Gracias a su formación tanto científica como artística los estudios de Luis Siret concedieron una gran importancia a aspectos no contemplados por sus contemporáneos. Aunque se ha considerado que su interés por los materiales óseos era menor que el concedido a otros conjuntos, en el caso de Los Millares (Santa Fe de Mondújar, Almería) sus observaciones, experimentaciones y analíticas anticiparían un modo de trabajo que hoy es inherente al conjunto de la investigación arqueológica. Partiendo de estos estudios y teniendo en cuenta las aportaciones de recientes descubrimientos, revisaremos los materiales de origen animal procedentes de la necrópolis que de este yacimiento conserva el Museo Arqueológico Nacional, presentando un estudio preliminar. La industria ósea de nuestra colección está formada por más de tres mil piezas realizadas sobre distintos soportes de origen animal y caracterizada por un gran número de objetos simbólicos y ornamentales, siendo escaso el grupo de apuntados.

Comités de ética en investigación con seres humanos: relevancia actual en Colombia

En este artículo se revisan los antecedentes históricos que propiciaron la aparición de los Comités de Ética de Investigación con Seres Humanos en el mundo, su fundamentación ética, la principal reglamentación a nivel internacional y la existente en Colombia. Enmarcado en ese contexto y por la relevancia que tienen en la actualidad, se hace un recuento de la creación, el desarrollo y las actividades del Comité de Ética en la Investigación de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Este comité, creado en 1983, ha ejercido sus funciones durante 25 años con la búsqueda permanente de la excelencia en todas sus actividades dirigidas a la protección de la dignidad, los derechos y el bienestar de los sujetos que participan en investigaciones biomédicas y sociales

Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Colombia.

Despite the wide literature describing the features of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in different populations worldwide, Colombian data are very scarce. We aim to characterize patients with GBS in a general hospital setting in Colombia. We conducted a retrospective chart review of GBS cases managed at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, from 2011 to 2016. Twenty-three patients were included. The most commonly reported symptoms were paresthesias (65%), pain (61%), proximal (22%) and distal (74%) limb weakness, and facial palsy (30%). 9% of patients had Fisher syndrome and 21% had other variants: Bickerstaff, pharyngeal-cervical-brachial pattern, and facial diplegia. There was a predominance of the demyelinating form (70%), with only 22% of patients presenting with the axonal variants. Our results are concordant with previous studies in Colombia.

Double-balloon enteroscopy: Experience with an innovative endoscopic technique at the Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá

Introduction and aimsDouble-balloon enteroscopy is a recently introduced endoscopic method that enables complete visualization of the small bowel, as well as biopsy sampling and therapeutic interventions in that part of the intestine. The aim of the present study was to describe the experience acquired at our hospital to determine the characteristics of the patients that underwent the procedure. Materials and methodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients above 18 years of age admitted to the Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá for double-balloon enteroscopy, within the time frame of January 2013 to December 2017. ResultsThe study sample included 93 procedures in 73 patients. Mean patient age was 57.91 years, with a similar number of men and women. There were no severe complications. The most frequent indication for the enteroscopy was gastrointestinal bleeding (overt or occult), presenting in 49.46% of the patients, followed by chronic diarrhea (16.13%). Video capsule endoscopy was the previous study most frequently performed (53.76%). Anterograde double-balloon enteroscopy was carried out in 49 patients and 44 patients underwent the retrograde procedure. A total of 86.02% of the enteroscopies were diagnostic procedures and 13.98% were therapeutic. Normal enteroscopy was the most frequent finding (59.68%), followed by the presence of ulcers (15.05%). ConclusionsOur results were similar to those reported worldwide, with respect to indications, insertion route, and insertion depth, and there were no severe complications.

Aspectos de la Biología de Psarocolius decumanus y Turdus grayi en la Estación Agraria Cotové, Santa Fé de Antioquia, Colombia

Se estudiaron aspectos de la biología de la oropendola crestada Psarocolius decumanus y la mirla parda Turdus grayi en la Estación Agraria Cotové de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. La estación está ubicada en el municipio de Santa Fe de Antioquia, área geográfica del bosque seco tropical. La Estación funciona con un sistema silvopastoral, que integra el uso de árboles y pastizales en la producción ganadera, conservando así hábitats para especies silvestres. Se realizaron seis muestreos de campo entre diciembre de 2009 y octubre de 2010, cada dos meses. Se realizaron registros de la presencia de estas dos especies en los diferentes hábitats disponibles. De esta manera se hizo evidente el papel que los fragmentos de bosque y los sistemas de silvopastoreo desempeñan en favor de la conservación de la diversidad de aves, y en particular de la oropéndola crestada y la mirla parda. Psarocolius decumanus y Turdus grayi utilizan la Estación Agraria como lugar de forrajeo y predominan en bordes boscosos. Las dos especies son muy susceptibles a la perdida y fragmentación del bosque natural y a la transformación de estos ecosistemas en tierras dedicadas a la agricultura y ganadería, principalmente la oropéndola crestada especie que no registró actividad reproductiva durante el estudio. Por su parte, Turdus grayi registró actividad reproductiva en los meses de abril y junio de 2010.

Real-world evidence in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in a single institution of Colombia in the period August 2015 to August 2018.

e18204 Background: In Colombia, lung cancer is the first cause of mortality. However, there is a large gap in terms of the information available regarding the characteristics and survival of these patients in the country. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive study of a cohort of patients with stage IV non-small cell lung carcinoma who initiated medical treatment at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, a high complexity hospital. We analyzed clinical characteristics, oncogenic addiction expression, PDL1 expression, treatments, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OSm) and treatment related complications. Results: Twenty-six patients were included during the 3 years. The OSm for all the cohort was 19.6 months(m). In the group without PDL-1 expression and negative for oncogenic addiction that received treatment with chemotherapy the OSm was 16.9m and the PFS 9.6m. The OSm for the group with EGFR mutation that received target therapy was 24,7m and the PFS 13.11m. The patients with ALK rearrangement treated with target therapy had an OSm 17m and PFS 5m. The group with expression greater than 50% for PDL-1 that received only immunotherapy OSm was 9.5m and PFS 9m, and in the group with expression for PDL-1 between 1-49% the median OSm and PFS has not been reached. In relation with grade 3 toxicity, 7% of patients that received chemotherapy had kidney failure, 7% emesis and 15% hyporexia. Patients that received target therapy 9% had diarrhea and 9% hepatotoxicity. 9% of patients with bevacizumab presented bleeding and 8% of patients with immunotherapy had autoimmune colitis, in all these cases the medication was suspended. Hypothyroidism was the most frequent complication with the immunotherapy, and it was resolved with substitution therapy. Conclusions: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of this cohort were similar to other lung cancer patients series. Factors like cigarette, nutritional status and ECOG were no significant in the survival. 34,6% of patients had EGFR mutation and 7% had ALK rearrangements. Related to PDL1 we found 26% expresser patients. The highest OS and PFS was for the group with the EGFR mutation and for the group with PDL-1 expression between 1-49%.

Artífices de la reforma exterior del monasterio toledano de Santa Fe a finales del siglo XVIII

Se presenta documentación inédita que permite conocer por primera vez cuándo se acometió la reforma de las dos portadas exteriores del monasterio de Santa Fe de Toledo –antaño perteneciente a las Comendadoras de Santiago y hoy incorporado al complejo del Museo de Santa Cruz? y saber quiénes intervinieron en la misma. Asimismo, se analizan ambas realizaciones (portadas de la iglesia y de la portería) en el contexto histórico-artístico de su tiempo, haciendo especial hincapié en la actividad de sus artífices. Entre ellos, destaca la participación de José Antonio Vina- cer, escultor de origen tirolés que trabajó en el ámbito tole- dano del último cuarto del siglo XVIII.

Determination of an estimate point of rupture for intracranial aneurysms using mathematical models applied to fluids dynamics

BackgroundIntracranial aneurysms represent a potential risk factor for various comorbidities, mainly associated with its rupture. Available information for aneurysms intervention is changing a paradigm and now, the decision of operating or not, varies in co‐dependence with the patient. We present the preliminary results of a potential tool that shows high rupture probability areas, predicting early rupture risk, also as an alternative for surgical planning.ObjectiveTo describe the mathematical models that best characterize the blood flow in an aneurysm and implement them through computational simulations to define the hemodynamic properties in terms of pressure, velocity and shear rate in artery walls.Materials/MethodsUsing the software ITK snap, an angioscanography of a patient from the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá was segmented. This program implements the methodology of snake evolution to obtain a 3D model by creating an estimated anatomical form and calculating internal forces of the image gradient inside of a closed curve. This gradient is determined by the pixel intensity on every point of the closed curve, which can be enhanced by contrast made previously to the volume. Secondly, with the purpose of having a non‐restriction model, the software Meshlab was used. This software edits and processes a model that is composed of triangular meshes. For this, a three Laplacian smooth was implemented in the final model. Finally, the blood flow within an aneurysm was modeled using the Comsol Multiphysics software assuming that blood behaves like Newtonian fluid with laminar flow, density of 1000 kg/m3 and a dynamic viscosity of 0.0035 Pa * s, governed by conservation of momentum and mass equations. For the simulation, a free tetrahedral mesh was used, with refinement at the edges of the geometry, whose size was defined by the previously established fluid dynamics.ResultsFor our first model, the highest stress levels were found at two points of an aneurysm: at the entrance and at the wall, where the highest velocity of blood flow was present. As for the velocity of the blood, it was reduced in the model, meaning that recirculation was present which is to be expected when dealing with aneurysms. Lastly, the shear rate was highest at the neck of the aneurysm and its lowest degree inside the aneurysm.DiscussionThe mathematical models describe the behavior of different variables. The simulation of blood flow within an aneurysm model obtained from diagnostic images of a real patient generates a good approximation to the behavior of blood flow in real life.ConclusionPressure, speed and shear stress on the arterial wall are the main factors involved in the development and possible rupture of an aneurysm. The mathematical models of this preliminary study will be implemented on a larger database. By doing so, a method capable of predicting the point in which there is a greater probability of rupture in an aneurysm can be developed, based on its hemodynamic properties.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Split-night polysomnography at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá

Introduction: The obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is usually established using polysomnography (PSG). Most patients diagnosed with this condition receive treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The conventional approach requires performing a full-night PSG and CPAP titration over a two-night stay in a sleep laboratory, which is costly and may present scheduling difficulties. However, the combined use of polysomnography and CPAP titration in a single night, procedure known as split-night polysomnography (SNPSG), is less-expensive and is a time saving strategy for diagnosis and treatment.Objectives: To characterize the SNPSG studies conducted in the sleep laboratory of the Hospital Universitario Santa Fe de Bogotá (HUFSFB) and assess their performance in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS.Materials and methods: Retrospective, observational and longitudinal study performed on a sample of 221 patients.Results: 208 (94.1%) SNPSG studies were compatible with OSAHS. Most cases (54.7%) had a hypopnea apnea index (AHI) ≥30. Adequate CPAP titration was achieved in 78% of patients who had severe AHI (p=0.00).Conclusions: OSAHS was diagnosed and an adequate CPAP titration was achieved in most of the SNPSG studies of the analyzed sample.

Reading the Contingencies of Print on the Borderlands

Abstract One of the most vivid accounts in the historical record of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was written by Antonio de Otermín, Spanish governor of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, who fled the uprising with his life intact, unlike four hundred of his countrymen. Due to a series of decisions by scholars, editors, and grant agencies in the twentieth century, this letter is today best known in an English translation and within the frame provided by the popular Heath Anthology of American Literature. The appropriation of Otermín’s letter by the discipline of American (US) literature, because its subject matter involves territory that more than two hundred years later became part of the United States, merits scrutiny. One approach, outlined here, is to follow the traces of the publication history of this document and to interrogate the unique story it tells about the contingencies of print on the borderlands.

Phytophagous insects in tamarind crop (Tamarindus indica L.), with emphasis on the greatest damage to the fruit, in five farms from the nearby Western of Antioquia

El tamarindo es un fruto importante para los pequeños productores del occidente cercano antioqueño, en cuanto a que se ofrece en diversas presentaciones a los turistas que visitan esta región. Sin embargo, algunos problemas de calidad, relacionados con la presencia de insectos en este fruto generan dificultades para su comercialización. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los insectos fitófagos de los árboles de tamarindo, con énfasis en los que causan mayor daño al fruto. En cinco fincas de Santa Fe de Antioquia y Sopetrán, se recolectaron los insectos asociados a cada órgano, de seis árboles por finca, se describió su daño y se identificaron hasta el nivel más detallado posible. Tres insectos causantes del mayor daño en el fruto tuvieron prioridad, determinándose su porcentaje de infestación (PI). Para ello, se diseñó una escala de daño y se evaluaron 30 frutos por árbol. Se encontraron once insectos fitófagos asociados al tamarindo, de los cuales cinco registros son nuevos para el tamarindo en Colombia: H. obscurus, Toxoptera aurantii, Trigona sp., Ectomyelois ceratoniae y Acromyrmex octospinosus. Cinco insectos atacan al fruto: Caryedon serratus, dos polillas Phycitinae, Sitophilus linearis e Hypothenemus obscurus. El PI promedio para C. serratus, las dos polillas Phycitinae y S. linearis fue de 19,5%, 8% y 2,5%, respectivamente. Los tres primeros afectan la pulpa y S. linearis ataca a la semilla. El daño más frecuente (43% - 52%) fue de grado 1 y los grados 4 y 5 se presentaron en menores porcentajes (0% - 4%).

In vitro culture of L3 larvae of nematodes obtained from the African giant snail Lissachatina fulica (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Santa Fe de Antioquia

Over 170 municipalities in Colombia have been invaded by Lissachatina fulica, an African snail that can carry larvae of nematodes of interest in human and veterinary health. Nematodes enter the host snail as larvae L1 and then change to L2 and L3, the infectious form for vertebrates. To standardize culture in vitro of L3 carried by L. fulica from Santa Fe de Antioquia. Between July and November, 2014, 10 snails were collected, killed, and conserved with HCl 0.7%. Larvae were recovered using the Baermann technique and cultured for 36 days in Schneider, DMEM and RPMI media, with and without SFB 20% and distilled water with SFB 20%. Replacements were made every 36 hours; larvae were measured with an ocular micrometer on a microscope. Summary statistics were estimated; box and whisker plots were made; the t Student test was performed in SPSS 18™. A p-value below 0.05 was assumed as significant. Fifty per cent of the larvae survived. The highest survival and growth was 85% in supplemented DMEM. The final average length of larvae in supplemented media exceeded the initial one. There were significant differences between the average length of larvae cultured in supplemented media and the initial length. The initial width of larvae did not change. The best medium for the culture of L3 larvae was supplemented DMEM. The length provided more information than the width for the larval growth evaluation. The larvae studied did not correspond to Angiostrongylus cantonensis, A. costaricensis or Aelurostrongylus abstrusus.