Sampling Formula Research Articles

Analisis Korelasi Disiplin Belajar dan Iklim Belajar dengan Prestasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran Keterampilan Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka Siswa SD Swasta Naungan Yayasan Buddhis di Kabupaten Tangerang

Problems in schools are many and quite complex, including a boring learning atmosphere for students, this causesobstacles in efforts to achieve good performance. In addition to efforts to get high academic scores, means for personality development are needed through various activities in the classroom, including extracurricular activities. To find out the problems in Buddhist Foundation Private Elementary Schools, data collection was carried out through questionnaires to elementary school teachers, parents of students with the results showing that the variables that most influenced learning achievement were learning discipline and learning climate. So, this research set the research title Quantitative Analysis of Correlation of Learning Discipline and Learning Climate on Student Achievement of Private Elementary Schools with Buddhist Foundations in Increasing Pramuka’s Extracurricular Skills in Tangerang Regency. The purpose of this study was to find out how the correlation of discipline and learning climate on learning achievement in extracurricular skills improvement. The population of this study were students of private elementaryschools who are auspices of Buddhist foundations in the city and district of Tangerang. The sample was taken based on the Yamane and Isaac and Michael sample formula, namely 133 samples. Inferential analysis is used to test the hypothesis using simple regression and correlation analysis techniques. The results showed that there was a simultaneous and partial influence between learning discipline and learning climate on the learning achievement of extracurricular skills subjects of private elementary school students under the auspices of the Buddhist Foundation in Tangerang Regency, with a coefficient of determination score X1 to Y of r2 = y1 0,218 with a correlation coefficient score generated by ry1 = 0,467 and the X2 to Y determination coefficient scoregenerated by r2 = 0,367 with a correlation coefficient score generated by r = 0,606 and the X1 to X2 determination y2 coefficient score generated by r2 = 0,377 with a correlation coefficient score generated by r = 0,614 the correlation y3 coefficient generated by r2 = 0,377, a contribution or influence of 37.7%, the remaining 62.3% is contributed by other y3 variables that have a relationship with increasing student achievement.

Assessment of HSEE Management System and Resilience Engineering of Cement Industry

Introduction: Irreparable accidents, occupational diseases, and damage to the environment occur annually in the cement industry. Therefore, to minimize the risks, pay attention to the health of employees, and protect the environment, this study was conducted with the aim of “investigating the status of HSEE management system and resilience engineering in the cement industry".
 Method: This was a descriptive study with the participation of 182 employees from a cement industry in Iran. They were selected according to random sampling and Cochran's formula. For this purpose, resilience engineering and HSEE questionnaire were reviewed and localized according to the studies and opinions of HSE and cement industry experts. Then, the status of HSEE management system and resilience engineering was reviewed. All analyzes were performed by one-sample t-test method using SPSS version 18 software.
 Results: The results of this study indicated that the average of dimensions of resilience engineering and the dimensions of health, safety, environment, and ergonomics management system are lower than the standard score. Moreover, reporting has the highest average (4.72) among the dimensions of resilience engineering and the environment has the highest average (4.76) among the dimensions of the HSEE management system. 
 Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that by examining the status of resilience engineering and HSEE management system, authorities can improve the performance of HSE management system using the concept of resilience engineering .This is done with proper planning of resilience engineering indicators to strengthen the performance of HSE management system. To improve the level of resilience, every effort should be made to change the horizons of senior management in order to value HSE issues and accept them as a value in the organization.

Positron Interactions with Some Human Body Organs Using Monte Carlo Probability Method

In this study, mean free path and positron elastic-inelastic scattering are modeled for the elements hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K) and iodine (I). Despite the enormous amounts of data required, the Monte Carlo (MC) method was applied, allowing for a very accurate simulation of positron interaction collisions in live cells. Here, the MC simulation of the interaction of positrons was reported with breast, liver, and thyroid at normal incidence angles, with energies ranging from 45 eV to 0.2 MeV. The model provides a straightforward analytic formula for the random sampling of positron scattering. ICRU44 was used to compile the elemental composition data. In this work, elastic cross sections (ECS) and inelastic cross-sections (ICS) for positron interaction in human tissues were studied. The elastic scattering is obtained from the Rutherford differential cross-section. Gryzinski's excitation function is used within the first-born approximation to determine the core and valence of ICS. The results are presented graphically. The ECS increases rapidly as the scattering energy approaches zero and becomes dependent on the atomic number of elements in organs. The ICS has reached a maximum value of around 100 eV. Increasing positron energy leads to an increase in the elastic and inelastic mean free paths. The simulations agree with many other studies dealing with the same parameters and conditions.

Identifying dimensions and components of organizational agility based on the development of human resources to provide a model of organizational agility in the Islamic Azad University of Tehran province

Background and purpose: This problem of how organizations can succeed in a dynamic and unpredictable environment is an issue that is known as the most important challenge in today's world. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of organizational agility based on human resources development to provide a model of organizational agility in the Islamic Azad University of Tehran province. Methodology: In this regard, the statistical population of the research included all employees of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran province, which was about 6735. Among these, using Morgan's table, Cochran's formula, and multi-stage and proportional cluster sampling methods, 386 university employees were considered the sample size. The data collection method was based on a researcher-made questionnaire, research literature, and semi-structured interviews. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the research tool was calculated as 0.919. After distributing and collecting the questionnaires, the information was checked, and the hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling method and with the help of SPSS and LISREL software. Results: Finally, the research findings confirmed the five dimensions, strategic, information technology, human, organizational and cultural, as the dimensions affecting organizational agility based on the development of human resources. Conclusion: The research results showed that the strategic dimension has the highest average, and dimensions of information technology, human, organizational and cultural are placed in the next ranks. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis showed that dimensions of organizational agility based on human resources development explain up to 71.282% of the variance of existing indicators of organizational agility based on human resources development.

Analisis Perbedaan Kelengkapan Formulir Catatan Perkembangan Pasien Terintegrasi (CPPT) Berbasis Elektronik Dengan Berbasis Kertas Pada Diagnosis Skizofrenia Paranoid Di RSJD Surakarta

Based on a preliminary survey at RSJD Surakarta, the completeness of filling out the electronic-based and paper-based Integrated Patient Development Record (CPPT) form with a total of 10 samples taken at random has 40% completeness on the electronic-based and 60% paper-based CPPT form. This type of research is comparative. The population in this study were all medical record documents of inpatients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia at the Surakarta Hospital in the first quarter of 2019 totaling 59 electronic patient medical record documents and 63 paper patient medical record documents in the first quarter of 2020. The sample size was obtained by the sample formula. a minimum of unpaired numerical comparative research and with a simple random sampling technique, the results obtained were 31 electronic medical record documents and 31 paper medical record documents. The results of the research on electronic-based CPPT forms on identification reviews are 100%, 100% authentication reviews, and 88% important report reviews. Meanwhile, in the paper-based CPPT form, the identification review is 97%, the authentication review is 90.5% and the important report review is 100%. In this study, the Mann-Whitney test was used as an alternative to the independent t-test which did not meet the requirements. Mann Whitney test results p-value <0.05 so ha is accepted which means there is a difference in the completeness of the electronic-based and paper-based CPPT forms.
 Keywords: Electronic and paper CPPT forms, identification review, authentication review, important report review

Relationship between Material Categorization and Operational Performance of Stores Function in Commercial State Corporations in Kenya

Inventory management practices play a major role in the operation of many organizations. These practices help to improve the firm's production scheduling and delivery lead times and ultimately increase its operational performance. With the reported 46.4% of state corporations making losses, achieving Vision 2030 would be impossible without a critical look into some practices, including material categorization. This study intended to fill this knowledge gap by examining the influence of material categorization practices on the operational performance of store function in commercial state corporations in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Pareto (ABC) Model. The target population for the study was 906 Senior Management, Procurement Managers, and Inventory Management Officers in the 54 Commercial State Corporations in Kenya. The researcher used the sampling formula recommended by Nassiuma to arrive at a 99 sample size. Data collection was done through a structured open and closed-ended questionnaire. Before embarking on data collection, the instruments were piloted to ensure they were valid and reliable. The study established the significant influence of material categorization practice on the operation performance of store functions (β=0.318, p=0.001<0.05). The study recommends that the policymakers in the commercial state corporations in Kenya need to formulate policies that will entrench the adoption of the best inventory management practices. As a matter of policy, all the commercial state corporations in Kenya should adopt inventory management practices supported by the Public Procurement and Disposal Act 2015.

Effect of Customs Documentation and Procedures on Kenya’s Agricultural and Manufactured Commodity Exports to Uganda

Aim: The study sought to examine the effect of customs documentation and procedures on Kenya’s agricultural and manufactured commodity exports to Uganda.
 Place and duration of Study: The study was conducted at Busia and Malaba borders, on Kenyan side. The study took place between March and July, 2021.
 Research Design: The study used transversal descriptive research design. 
 Methodology: From the total population of 1860 Kenyan exporters to Uganda, a sample size of 329 respondents was chosen using Yamane’s sampling formula. Data was collected using questionnaires. Validity and reliability of research instruments was verified through the pilot study. The research adopted descriptive statistics analysis and inferential statistical analysis. For inferential statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis were used. Descriptive statistics analysis was done using means, standard deviation, percentages and frequencies. Data presentation was done in graphs, tables and diagrams. The study conducted diagnostic tests for normality and multicollinearity. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used for data analysis.
 Results: 280 questionnaires were completed, giving a response rate of 85.1%. The results indicated that time for customs documentation and procedures was (β2 = -0.352, P = .000<0.05). This meant that a one-unit rise in time for customs documentation and procedures would result in a 0.352-unit decrease in the agricultural and manufactured commodity export.
 Conclusion: Time for customs documentation and procedures had a negative and significant effect on agricultural and manufactured commodity export. The study recommended on the governments of the two countries to harmonize standards expected on traded commodity and coordinate acquisition of commodity export documents.

The Effect Of Brand Image And Price on Purchase Decision At A&W Fast Food Restaurant Karawang

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of brand image and price on purchasing decisions for fast food restaurants A&W KarawanG. The research was conducted using descriptive and verification methods, namely: collecting, presenting, analyzing and testing hypotheses and making conclusions and suggestions. Samples were collected using the Slovin formula and probability sampling technique using simple random sampling which then resulted in 347 samples from 2,612 populations. The analytical technique used is the technique of scale range analysis and path analysis with the help of the Method of Successive Interval (MSI), Microsoft Excel 2010 computer program and SPSS version 25 application. 1,266 with agreed criteria. The price shows an average value of 1,258 with agreed criteria. Purchasing Decision shows an average value of 1,241 with the criteria for agreeing. The correlation coefficient between the Brand Image and Price variables obtained a value of 0.530 which means it has a moderate, positive and significant correlation level between Brand Image and Price. The partial effect of Price on Purchase Decisions is 0.133, which is greater than Brand Image, which has a value of 0.059. So it can be stated that the price contributes more to the Purchase Decision compared to the Brand Image. The simultaneous influence of Brand Image and Price on Purchasing Decisions is 19.2% while the remaining 80.8% is another variable not examined.

Terahertz Spectroscopic Analysis of Lactose in Infant Formula: Implications for Detection and Quantification.

Lactose plays a significant role in daily lives as a constituent of various food and pharmaceutical products. Yet, lactose intolerance conditions demand low-lactose and lactose-free products in the market. These increasing nutritional claims and labels on food products entail simple and reliable methods of analysis that can be used for meeting quality standards, nutritional claims and legal requirements. In this study, terahertz time–domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) was employed to analyse α-lactose monohydrate qualitatively and quantitatively in food products. Both absorption spectra and absorption coefficient spectra were investigated for their prediction performance. Regression models for lactose quantification using peak area and height of the absorption peaks 0.53 and 1.37 THz were developed and assessed in infant formula samples. Satisfactory prediction results were achieved in ideal conditions with pure standards, but not in all predictions of infant formula samples. Reasons and further implications are discussed.

Occurrence of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (MCPDE) in infant formula products on the Canadian market between 2015 and 2019

2- and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (MCPDEs) are most commonly formed as process-induced contaminants during the refinement of vegetable oils used for food production. ‘In vivo’ hydrolysis of 3-MCPDEs releases the potential carcinogen 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD). Levels of MCPDEs in infant formula are of particular concern, as refined oils are commonly used as main fat ingredients. For this study, infant formula samples (powders, liquid concentrates and ready-to-feed infant formula samples) from the Canadian market were purchased and analysed in 2015 (35 samples) and 2019 (33 samples). MCPDE concentrations (expressed as free MCPD equivalents) were examined through an indirect analytical approach, applying acid-catalysed ester cleavage and using cyclohexanone as derivatising agent. Labelled diesters were used as internal standards. 2015 Survey data were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). 2019 Survey data were analysed with an updated method using GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring modes (MRM). In 2015, levels in reconstituted formula ranging from 3.7 ng/g to 111 ng/g for 3-MCPD and 2.2 ng/g to 56.2 ng/g for 2-MCPD were found. In 2019, levels ranging from 3.9 ng/g to 74.8 ng/g for 3-MCPD and 1.0 ng/g to 33.9 ng/g for 2-MCPD were found. A significantly reduced mean of combined MCPDEs was observed between 2015 and 2019 data (64.5 ng/g, standard deviation (SD) 8.6 ng/g in 2015 to 31.8 ng/g, SD 5.6 ng/g in 2019, p-value = 0.024). For the majority of manufacturers, the data comparison among brand products over time shows decreased levels of MCPDEs. Occurrence data of MCPDEs, including data from previously published surveys (2012/2013), were also compared and a temporal trend was established.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI GEL EKSTRAK PINING BAWANG (Hornstedtia alliacea) PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN 1%

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of onion pining extract gel which has anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced male mice. Pining onion (Horstedtia alliacea) is a member of the ginger plant (Zingiberaceae) that grows in tropical areas including Halmanera. Pining onion is usually used as an energy supplier for hunting in the forest, treating wounds and infections, the seeds are consumed by children and adults. The benefit of this research is that this research can provide scientific and truthful information to the public regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of the pining onion plant, so that it can be used as an alternative inflammatory treatment. Pining onions contain flavonoid compounds, essential oils and several other compounds that are useful as anti-inflammatory. This study made three sample formulas with the active ingredient of pining onion extract with composition 0 (negative control), formula I 5%, formula II 10%, formula III 15% and diclofenac sodium (positive control) using the maceration method, with an interval of 30 minutes. for 8 repetitions of each suspension. Inhibition of edema in the FIII group (15% pining onion extract) had the same tendency as the K+ group (Na-Diclofenac). Meanwhile, at the lowest test dose the inhibition of edema was in the FI group (5% onion pining extract). The conclusion of this study is that administration of pining onion extract gel can show anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced mice. Pining onion extract gel at a concentration of 15% is the concentration that has the best anti-inflammatory activity compared to concentrations of 10% and 5%.

The Relationship Between Learning Anxiety And Students' Mathematics Learning Difficulties During The Covid-19 Pandemic

This quantitative study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety in learning mathematics and learning difficulties in mathematics for class XI students at SMAN 5 Kendari during the covid-19 pandemic using correlational research methods. Data was collected through online questionnaires using google forms. This study uses a gradual sampling technique. The first stage uses stratified random sampling by considering classes XI MIPA, XI IPS, and XI BB as strata. Then each stratum is calculated using the proportional stratified random sampling formula. Furthermore, in class XI MIPA, cluster random sampling was conducted to select four classes from the six available classes. Again, each selected class will be selected at simple random sampling. This study indicates a significant relationship between students' mathematics learning anxiety and students' mathematics learning difficulties in Class XI SMA Negeri 5 Kendari during the Covid-19 pandemic. The relationship between students' mathematics learning anxiety variables and mathematics learning difficulties is low, and the magnitude of the relationship between mathematics learning anxiety and mathematics learning difficulties in class XI SMAN 5 Kendari using Spearman-rank correlation analysis is 0.329.

Perceive Influence of the Use of Social Media on Information Seeking Behaviour of Undergraduates in Nigeria Universities

Social media has become prominent major source of information in our world today. Although the unique popularity of social media has infiltrated into undergraduates’ daily trajectories and become a vital part of their communication, yet surprisingly many undergraduates do not use social media for information relating to their academics little did they know that virtually all the information they need about their academics and practical can be gotten on social media. In order to address such research gap, the main objective of this research is to examine the perceive influence of the use of social media on information seeking behaviour of undergraduates in Nigeria universities. The study implored descriptive survey design, using Slovin’s formula and simple random sampling technique; three hundred ninety-eight (398) participants were conveniently sampled out of a population of 64,447 students. Findings revealed that undergraduates in make use of social media for information search often and it has been a reliable source of information for them. It is recommended that undergraduates should sharpen and improve their information literacy skills so as to overcome the challenges of unregulated nature of social media content. Social media has greatly impacted the information seeking behaviour of undergraduates in Nigeria universities

The role of livestock farming groups in developing the empowerment of beef cattle fattening business in the Cirebon Regency

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The research is as follows: (1) The role of the farmer group in its function as a place of learning, a place of production, and a place for cooperation and member business, (2) the empowerment of beef cattle farmers, and (3) the relationship between the role of the group and the empowerment of beef cattle farmers in Cirebon Regency.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>I conducted this research from July to August 2021. The research method was survey and field observation—data analysis using SPSS 26 Spearman rank correlation test. The number of respondents using the Snowball sampling formula is 60 respondents from 5 livestock farmer groups in Cirebon Regency.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The empowerment of farmers in this study measures two aspects: farmers' ability to maintain and have high-value entrepreneurship. The correlation coefficient of the relationship between the part of the group and the empowerment of beef cattle farmers is 0.674. In conclusion, the relationship is quite strong between the two variables. The role of the group is not optimal either as a place of learning, a place of business, or a place to work together, which requires the involvement of the Cirebon Regency agriculture office, educational institutions, and private institutions to be involved in developing the role of groups in Cirebon Regency.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The empowerment of farmers in this study measures aspects, namely, 1) the role of the group is not optimal, while 2) the ability of farmers to maintain entrepreneurship is of high value. The correlation coefficient of the relationship between the role of the group and the empowerment of beef cattle farmers is 0.674. It indicated that the relationship is quite strong between the two variables.</p>

ANALISIS FITUR LAYANAN DAN KEAMANAN TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN DOMPET DIGITAL (SHOPEE PAY)

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service and security features on the use of digital wallets (Shopee Pay) on SMEs in Tangerang City. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study is SMEs in Tangerang City that use Digital Wallets, the number of which is not known with certainty. The sampling formula used was the Lemeshow formula and obtained a sample size of 96. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that (1) Service Features have a positive and significant effect on Digital Wallet Usage, as evidenced by the value of tCount > tTable (4.178 > 1.661) with a significance (0.000 <0.05). (2) Security has a positive and significant effect on the use of Digital Wallets, as evidenced by the value of tCount > tTable (2.331 > 1.661) with a significance (0.000 <0.05). Service and Security Features affect the Use of Digital Wallets by 47.3%, the remaining 52.7% is influenced by other variables.Keywords: Use of Digital Wallets, Service Features, and Security.

Contamination characteristics and preliminaery exposure risk assessment of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formula sold in Beijing in 2021

To explore the contamination characteristics of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas sold in Beijing in 2021, and to evaluate the exposure risk of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters for infants and toldders aged 0-36 months old. The contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formula samples were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standards. Combined with the recommended consumption of infant formulas, the exposure level of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months was calculated. The detection rate of 3-chloropropane-1, 2-diol esters(3-MCPDE), 2-chloropropane-1, 3-diol esters(2-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters in infant formulas were 98.6%, 97.1% and 95.7%, respectively. The average contents of 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and glycidyl esters were 44.54, 15.65 and 12.65 μg/kg. For infant of each age groups, the daily intakes of 3-MCPDE via infant formulas by each infant groups were 0.28-0.90 μg/(kg BW), which were all lower than the tolerable daily intake(TDI, 2 μg/(kg BW));the daily intakes of 2-MCPDE via infant formulas by each infant groups were 0.10-0.29 μg/(kg BW);the exposure levels of glycidyl were 0.08-0.22 μg/(kg BW), and the margin of exposure(MOE) values were all higher than 25 000. Chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas sold in Beijing from 2021 were less polluted and their intake was within the safe range.

The Effect of School Principal Leadership on Teacher Performance through Work Discipline and Teacher Achievement Motivation of State Elementary School in Batumandi District

Teacher performance is the determining factor for achieving educational goals. Several factors effect teacher performance, namely the principal’s leadership, teacher work discipline, and teacher achievement motivation. This study aims to describe and analyze the direct and indirect effect of the principal's leadership on teacher performance through work discipline and teacher achievement motivation. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with correlational techniques. The population of this study was 160 teachers in 22 schools. The sample of this study was 115 people. The number of samples is taken using the Slovin formula and proportional random sampling. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of the principal's leadership (28 items), work discipline (30 items), achievement motivation (30 items), and teacher’s performance (30 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability using moment product correlation. Data analysis of this study used Path Analysis. The results showed an effect of the principal's leadership on teacher performance through work discipline and motivation to excel, either directly or indirectly.

Relationship between Physical Activity and Coping Styles in the Face of Covid-19 Epidemic among Women in Ahvaz

Background & Objective: Decreased levels of physical activity during the COVID-19 epidemic can cause physical and psychological problems for the individual. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and control coping styles in the face of the Covid-19 epidemic in Ahvaz, Iran.
 Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study and the research population includes females in Hamidiyeh Ahvaz, Iran, who were studying in 2019-2020. In this regard, 208 females were selected based on Cochran’s formula and random sampling for participation in the study. Beck’s physical activity questionnaires and Coping Styles Questionnaire in the face of the COVID-19 epidemic were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to establish statistical relationships.
 Results: The results only showed a significant relationship between social support coping style and physical activity (physical activity related to leisure time) (r= 0.142, p= 0.044). There was no significant relationship between physical activity (related to work, sport, leisure time and total) and any of the other coping styles (Confrontation, Avoidance, Self-control, Responsibility, Escape and avoid, Problem solving, Positive estimation) (p≥0.05).
 Conclusion: During the COVID-19 epidemic, physical activity related to leisure time was positively associated with social support coping style but all other cases we did not observe a significant relationship between physical activity and coping styles with Covid-19.

Role of Principal Leadership Engagement, Organizational Climate, Job Satisfaction on Teacher Organizational Commitment

This research aimed to analyze the effect of principal leadership, organizational climate, and job satisfaction on teacher organizational commitment at the private high school level in Pematangsiantar City, Indonesia. This research used a research design oriented to an associative quantitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study used documentation instruments and online questionnaires. The number of samples was 110 respondents. The sampling technique used a non-probability sampling approach using the purposive sampling formula. This research explained that principal leadership, organizational climate, and job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on teacher organizational commitment. This study confirmed that the implementation of relational principal leadership and changing strategy into practice could increase work commitment of teachers at the school organizational level. In addition, the results of this research also confirmed that the organizational climate of each school had been going well and the job satisfaction of the majority of teachers had met the standards with what they expected with a reflection of satisfaction with the work they did and the satisfaction of co-workers had met expectations.

Influence of mother's emotional management training on verbal aggressive behavior of children aged 4-6 years old in Bogor City

Parents have a responsibility to keep their children's growth and development running optimally. Growth is more directed to physical changes according to age, while development refers to increasing the complexity of the functions and skills of children to adapt to their environment. The golden period of child development occurs at the age of under five years. At each stage of the child's age will experience changes that are very diverse and unique. One of the developments that must be achieved by children is emotional development. The factor that has the greatest influence on verbal aggressive behavior in children is the environment, namely family and school. Parents who are hard on their children can make their children harsh on others. Children have the nature of imitating what they get and feel. This study used aquasi-experimental method with a control group. By using the minimum sample formula for the two-group difference hypothesis test, the number of respondents was 27 people in the intervention group and 27 people in the control group. The results showed that in the intervention group, there was a significant difference in maternal violent behavior before and after the intervention with p value 0.034.