Sampling Formula Research Articles

Improving Employee Performance Through Motivation and Work Discipline

This study looked at the relationship between performance and motivation and discipline at Radjak Hospital Salemba. This study used quantitative data collected through a Likert scale with the SPSS version 23 program. Data were collected from 221 patients at Radjak Hospital Salemba. This hospital is located in the northwestern part of Indonesia and is staffed by local residents. This research uses quantitative descriptive research. A population of 221 people was tested using the Slovin sample formula, and at least 69 people were included in the sample. The results are positive, with a Sig Value of 0.259 and a T-Test Result of 0.040. Additionally, 3. Based on the results of multiple linear regression, work motivation and work discipline have a positive effect on employee performance. This influence can be seen in the constant values ​​of 0.797 and 0.259 for positive work motivation and work discipline, respectively. In addition, the Sig T test shows that the two characteristics of work ethics have a significant effect on employee performance with values ​​of 0.040 and 0.000 respectively. Work motivation and discipline also affect employee performance by 69.4% which is explained from the results of the R square test. The remaining 30.6% due to this influence is caused by other factors not examined in this study.

The Effect of Work Discipline and Employee Competence on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable (Study on Employees of the Pratama Pati Tax Office)

This study analyzes the effect of work discipline and competence on employee performance with organizational commitment as an intervening variable. The research data uses primary data in the form of a questionnaire. The population in this study were 156 employees with the method of determining the sample using the haier sampling formula and obtained a sample of 120 respondents. The data analysis used in this study is a structural equation model. The results of this study state that work discipline and competence have a positive effect on organizational commitment. The results of this study also state that work discipline, competence and organizational commitment have a positive effect on employee performance.

Recurrent mutation in the ancestry of a rare variant.

Recurrent mutation produces multiple copies of the same allele which may be co-segregating in a population. Yet, most analyses of allele-frequency or site-frequency spectra assume that all observed copies of an allele trace back to a single mutation. We develop a sampling theory for the number of latent mutations in the ancestry of a rare variant, specifically a variant observed in relatively small count in a large sample. Our results follow from the statistical independence of low-count mutations, which we show to hold for the standard neutral coalescent or diffusion model of population genetics as well as for more general coalescent trees. For populations of constant size, these counts are distributed like the number of alleles in the Ewens sampling formula. We develop a Poisson sampling model for populations of varying size and illustrate it using new results for site-frequency spectra in an exponentially growing population. We apply our model to a large data set of human SNPs and use it to explain dramatic differences in site-frequency spectra across the range of mutation rates in the human genome.

Shannon information entropy, soliton clusters and Bose-Einstein condensation in log gravity

We give a probabilistic interpretation of the configurational partition function of the logarithmic sector of critical cosmological topologically massive gravity, in which the Hurwitz numbers considered in our previous works assume the role of probabilities in a distribution on cycles of permutations. In particular, it is shown that the permutations are distributed according to the Ewens sampling formula which plays a major role in the theory of partition structures and their applications to diffusive processes of fragmentation, and in random trees. This new probabilistic result together with the previously established evidence of solitons in the theory provide new insights on the instability originally observed in the theory. We argue that the unstable propagation of a seed soliton at single particle level induces the generation of fragments of defect soliton clusters with rooted tree configuration at multiparticle level, providing a disordered landscape. The Shannon information entropy of the probability distribution is then introduced as a measure of the evolution of the unstable soliton clusters generated. Finally, based on Feynman’s path integral formalism on permutation symmetry in the λ-transition of liquid helium, we argue that the existence of permutation cycles in the configurational log partition function indicates the presence of Bose-Einstein condensates in log gravity.

Evaluation of the Necessity of CT Scan Requests in Hospitals Affiliated With Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, in 2019

Background: A computed tomography (CT) scan is one of the medical imaging methods that is currently used to diagnose and treat numerous diseases in a timely manner. Therefore, the widespread use of ionizing radiation in recent years has raised concerns about cancer. Given that individuals are exposed to ionizing radiation during a CT scan, they might be at a higher risk of developing cancer.
 Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of CT scan requests in hospitals affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, in 2019.
 Methods: The statistical population consisted of 1,034 patients, selected by purposive sampling and relevant statistical formula. Patients’ information included gender, age, electronic code, and the imaged area. All the data were extracted by considering all ethical principles and recorded in prepared checklists. Additionally, the normality or abnormality of each CT scan was determined based on a radiologist’s report. The obtained information was analyzed by SPSS software (version 22).
 Results: Out of 1,034 patients, 547 (52.9%) and 487 (47.1%) subjects were female and male, respectively. The CT scans consisted of 687 (66.44%), 296 (28.62%), and 51 (4.93%) of the brain, abdomen-pelvis, and neck, respectively. The lowest and highest percentages of unnecessary cases belonged to the CT scans of the neck (31.37%) and brain (64.48%).
 Conclusions: In all tests, 58.6% of CT scans performed on patients were unnecessary. In addition to high doses of radiation endangering the patient’s health, these unnecessary procedures impose additional costs on the hospital and the patient.

THE EFFECT OF 4P MARKETING MIX ON SATISFACTION J&T EXPRESS SAENTIS SERVICE USERS, MEDAN BRANCH

Marketing Mix is ​​one of the main concepts in modern marketing, which has an important role in influencing customers to buy products and services offered by the market, therefore the marketing mix is ​​said to be a tool that will show the level of marketing success. To find out whether there is an effect of product, price, place, and promotion on the satisfaction of users of the J&T Express Saentis Delivery Service Medan branch. This type of research uses quantitative research methods with primary and secondary data sources. The number of samples in this study was 100 respondents who were determined using the Wibisono formula and purposive sampling technique, namely the technique of determining the sample based on certain considerations. This study uses SPSS 20.0 as a data processing tool. The results of this study indicate that the product has a positive and significant effect on J&T Express customer satisfaction, Price has a positive and significant effect on J&T Express customer satisfaction Place has a positive and significant effect on JN&Express customer satisfaction, and Promotion has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. J&T Express customers. Meanwhile, Product, Price, Place, and Promotion simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on J&T Express customer satisfaction.

PENGARUH PERILAKU DAN SIKAP KEUANGAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP LITERASI KEUANGAN PADA JURUSAN AKUNTANSI FEB UNIVERSITAS PALANGKARAYA

The role of student financial behavior and attitudes is important in implementing wise financial literacy. This study aims to determine the behavior and financial attitudes of students towards financial literacy using quantitative methods. The data obtained primary with the questionnaire data collection method and the intended respondents are accounting students in semesters 4 (2020/2021) FEB Palangkaraya University. Sampling was carried out using the Slovin formula and purposive sampling technique so as to get 68 students as samples. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression and the measurement scale of the sample questionnaire value uses a Likert scale. Based on the results of partial and simultaneous regression testing, it is known that student financial behavior has no effect on student financial literacy. Students' financial attitudes have a significant effect on financial literacy. Financial attitudes are needed so that financial literacy is getting better in order to face increasingly complex financial problems in the future. From this study also, students' financial behavior and attitudes have a simultaneous effect on financial literacy, this shows financial behavior followed by the way students respond to the resources they have, leading to a wise attitude in implementing their financial literacy

Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 Through Ingestion of Infant Formula in Türkiye

The objectives of the study were to determine the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) content in ınfant formula samples in Türkiye and to assess the risk of infants’ exposure to aflatoxins food contamination. A total number of 72 samples of infant formulas (premature, hipoallergenic, 0-6, 6-9,9-12 and 12-36 months) were analyzed for the presence of AFM1 using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. 49% of the samples (35 samples) were contaminated with AFM1 and the group most highly contaminated with AFM1 was infant formulas 12-36 (8 samples) months. In addition, this study aimed at evaluating AFM1 levels especially above international (European Commission) (0.025 µg/kg) and local (Türkiye Food Codex Regulation) (0.025 µg/kg) standards and cancer risks associated with the ingestion of infant formula sampled from Türkiye. Five samples of infant formula had AFM1 concentration above maximum allowable concentration according to the standards. Risk assessments of AFM1 for infants ranged between 0.002- 0.035 ng/kg bw/day and >100.000–5263.15 respectively for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), and Margin of Exposure (MOE). The riskiest group was determined in the 9-12 months samples. Results of our study indicate the high risk of infants’ exposure, who are at the early stage of development and vulnerable to toxic contaminants.

Taxpayer compliance factor related to technology: the influence of e-registration, e-spt, e-filling, and e-billing usage

In 2019 the level of taxpayer compliance was only 29% of the total number of taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Cirebon Satu; then in 2020, there was a decrease of around 6% to 23% of the total WPOP, then in 2021, it only increased 1% to 24% of the total number of taxpayers. Registered WPOP. Based on this, this research is here to see how Taxpayer Compliance in Cirebon is based on E-Registration, E-SPT, E-Filling, & E-Billing. This research method uses the verification method. This type of research is basic research or basic research. The questionnaires that were sent out to individual taxpayers who were registered with the Cirebon Satu Tax Service Office were the source of the primary data that was used in this research. The formula for convenience sampling was used to select the sample, which consisted of a total of 100 participants from the pool. Statistical analysis was carried out in this study using multiple linear regression analysis using IBM SPSS 25 software for windows. The results of this study indicate that E-SPT affects taxpayer compliance in the city of Cirebon. Meanwhile, E-Registration, E-Filling, and E-Billing do not affect Taxpayer Compliance in Cirebon, Indonesia. The contribution of this research can increase recommendations for the government, especially in increasing taxpayer reporting by increasing certainty of validation in tax payments

ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER INTEREST USING SOE BANK MOBILE BANKING WITH TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODELS

The development of banking services is no longer only with the slogan of safe and reliable services, but also being able to provide services tailored to the needs of customers who have developed in line with developments in technology and lifestyle. One form of service developed by banks is online banking services. Online banking is a banking transaction service that can be carried out by customers either from home, place of business or in other locations that are not in a real bank location (branch offices) by using communication media such as computers, cell phones and home phones. Sampling by technique sampling that is accidental sampling based on the formula Sampling proportion . For collection data includes observation, distribution of questionnaires and literature study. The purpose of this study was to determine the interest in using the Mobile Banking services of BUMN Banks with the Technology Acceptance Model. Approach study Which used in this study is a quantitative approach with a total sample of 100 respondents with the results of the analysis showing that the variable Perceived Usefulness has a significant effect on Attitude, Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis shows that Perceived Ease of Use variable has a significant effect on Attitude, Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis shows that Perceived Usefulness variable has a significant effect on Interest in using mobile banking

Pediatricians' Reports of Interaction with Infant Formula Companies.

Introduction: Seventy percent of countries follow the World Health Organization International Code of Marketing Breast Milk Substitutes that prohibits infant formula companies (IFC) from providing free products to health care facilities, providing gifts to health care staff, or sponsoring meetings. The United States rejects this code, which may impact breastfeeding rates in certain areas. Objective: We aimed at gathering exploratory data about interactions between IFC and pediatricians. Methods: We distributed an electronic survey to U.S. pediatricians asking about practice demographics, interactions with IFC, and breastfeeding practices. Using the zip code of the practice, we obtained additional information from the 2018 American Communities Survey, including median income, percent of mothers who had graduated college, percent of mothers working, and racial and ethnic identity. We compared demographic data for those pediatricians who had a formula company representative visit versus not and those who had a sponsored meal versus not. Results: Of 200 participants, the majority reported a formula company representative visit to their clinic (85.5%) and receiving free formula samples (90%). Representatives were more likely to visit areas with higher-income patients (median = $100K versus $60K, p < 0.001). They tended to visit and sponsor meals for pediatricians at private practices and in suburban areas. Most of the reported conferences attended (64%) were formula company-sponsored. Conclusion: Interactions between IFC and pediatricians are prevalent and occur in many forms. Future studies may reveal whether these interactions influence the advice of pediatricians or the behavior of mothers who had planned to exclusively breastfeed.

Exponential sampling with a multiplier

The exponential sampling formula has some limitations. By incorporating a Mellin bandlimited multiplier, we extend it to a wider class of functions with a series that converges faster. This series is a generalized exponential sampling series with some interesting properties. Moreover, under a side condition, any generalized exponential sampling series that is interpolating can be generated by a Mellin bandlimited multiplier. For an error analysis, we consider a truncated series with 2N+1 terms and look for a highest speed of convergence as Nrightarrow infty . We show by using a certain non-bandlimited multiplier, which introduces in addition an aliasing error, that we can achieve a higher rate of convergence to the function, namely mathcal {O}(e^{-alpha N}) with alpha >0, than with the truncated series of an exact formula. The results are illustrated by three examples.

Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing Uptake of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives among Reproductive Women in Kenya

Uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives has been low among many women in Kenya. This has seen a surge in the number of unplanned pregnancies, which leads to continued poverty due to large sizes of families. This study therefore sought to establish the socio-cultural factors influencing the uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in public hospitals in Kenya. The target population included the women of reproductive age of between 18 and 45 years. A sampling formula was used to identify the appropriate sample for the respondents. The 379 respondents identified were picked through simple random sampling. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics through SPSS version 26. The findings revealed that socio-cultural factors such as religious believe affected the uptake of long lasting reversible contraceptives among reproductive women in Kenya. The study concluded that through misconceived social cultural believes, the uptake of long lasting family planning methods/long-acting reversible contraceptives was minimal among reproductive women in Kenya. The study recommended the need for the government, the hospitals and other stakeholders to create awareness and education on the need for long-acting reversible contraceptives and other family planning methods among women. There is need for the communities to also embrace modern methods of family planning so as to stimulate their economic and social development.

Participation of Primary Care Nurses in the Prevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Chronic diseases are a huge threat to public health in Kazakhstan and around the world. Many deaths can be prevented by using evidence-based behavioral interventions. Nurses, as the most numerous health care workers, can perform behavioral therapy for the prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). This study was conducted in order to explore the behavioral interventions performed by nurses, to analyze current problems, barriers and the attitude of nurses to these activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 nurses in the city of Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2020. The sample was calculated using a formula and simple random sampling. The study was conducted using a specially compiled questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were chosen as a statistical method. Pearson's Chi-square criterion was used to identify a statistically significant relationship between variables. Among 260 nurses, 208 participants (80%) had the desire to conduct behavioral interventions among patients. Most nurses do not have enough time to conduct behavioral interventions. A short work experience affects to a greater extent nurses use passive training methods. Almost half (47.30%) of nurses rate their level of knowledge about the real effects of drugs, tobacco, alcohol, and preventive measures on the body as "average". The work of nurses on the prevention of NCDs is not performed enough due to lack of working time and available domestic literature, heavy workload. Behavioral therapy should be based on reliable scientific evidence, which can be achieved through the development of clinical guidelines and continuous training of nurses.

Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises in Kenya: Does Tax Morale Matter?

The study sought to assess the impact of tax morale on tax compliance among SMEs in Nairobi County, Kenya. Most governments especially the developing ones and particularly Kenya rely on taxes as their main source of revenue to run their development agenda. Kenyan SMEs have been in the forefront as the major contributors to Kenya’s economic growth and development. However, in the recent past there has been increased tax evasion from the sector. This signifies a continued drop in the government revenue and failure by the tax collection authority; KRA to meet the set targets in annual revenue collection. Tax morale has been found to be a key aspect contributing significantly to tax compliance. Locally, it remains unclear on how tax morale influences tax compliance with very few studies focusing on the area locally and of those few focusing on other industries. Descriptive research design was used in the study and the target population was the 1539 registered SMEs in Nairobi CBD. A sampling formula was used to identify a sample size of 318 respondents who were picked through stratified random sampling with the categories of SMEs as the strata. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study which was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that tax morale significantly influenced the tax compliance by the SMEs. It was established that the morale of tax payers was affect by inappropriate use of the collected taxes, lack of the required information, and minimal support from the government, thus affecting the compliance levels. The study concluded that tax evasion has escalated mainly as a result on reduced morale among tax payers due to inappropriate se of the collected taxes and poor accountability among government officials. Enhancing accountability and ensuring responsible use would be essential to enhance tax compliance.

Frequency Of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Imaging Technologists in Public Hospitals of Lahore

A good psychological health is the base of wellness. Various factors have been identified that can predispose the medical students, nurses, physicians, radiographers, and other health care professionals to depression and anxiety. Objectives: To assess the frequency of anxiety and depression in Medical Imaging Technologists working in public hospitals of Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 150 Medical Imaging Technologists. The sample size was collected by formula and simple random sampling technique was used. Collection of data was done by; a self-administered questionnaire to get demographic data and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS) to assess depression and anxiety in Medical Imaging Technologists. Data analysis was done by using average, standard deviation, percentage, and Chi-square. Results: The average age of Medical Imaging Technologists was 30.49 ± 5.314 years. Among 150 participants, 95 (63.3%) were female and 55 (36.7%) were male. 54 (36%) were normal, 43 (28.7%) were borderline abnormal and 53 (35.3%) were abnormally depressed on HADS, and 97 (64.7%) were normal, 37 (24.7%) were borderline abnormal, and 16 (10.7%) were abnormally anxious on HADS. Gender, age, and marital-status were not found to be associated with depression and anxiety. Job-satisfaction, education, modalities, and physical exercise were found to be associated with depression and education and sleeping hours were found to be associated with anxiety. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression were common to find in the medical imaging technologists. Job-satisfaction, education, modalities, and physical exercise were associated with depression whereas education and sleeping hours were found to be associated with anxiety.

Hubungan Financial Literacy dan Financial Knowledge Terhadap Keputusan Investasi Oleh Investor Pemula di Kota Bengkulu

This research was conducted in order to see the relationship between financial literacy and financial knowledge on investment decisions by novice investors in the city of Bengkulu. This research is a quantitative research with a descriptive format and uses primary data. Data was collected from questionnaires distributed to respondents, there were 481 respondents who participated however, only 385 respondents who met the criteria. The sampling technique uses the slovin formula and purposive sampling. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy and financial knowledge have a positive and significant effect on investment decisions by novice investors in the city of Bengkulu with a Correlation Coefficient value for financial literacy of 0.761 which means it is very strong because it is in the range 0.76-0.99 and financial knowledge is 0.829 which means also in the range of 0.76-0.99 which means very strong.

The Effect of Using the WhatsApp Digital Application on the Work Effectiveness of Polewali Mandar District Tourism Office Employees

Ahmad Ihsan (2022) "The Effect of Using the WhatsApp Digital Application on the Work Effectiveness of Polewali Mandar District Tourism Office Employees". Supervised: Anwar and M. Ikhwan Maulana Haeruddin. This study aims to find out how the influence of the use of the WhatsApp digital application on the work effectiveness of Polewali Mandar District Tourism Office Employees. The population in this study were employees who worked at the Polewali Mandar Regency Tourism Office and a sample of 34 employees, using a saturated sample formula. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). The results of this study indicate that the variable significance value of using the WhatsApp digital application is 0.000, this value is smaller than the significance value of 0.05. So that it can be said that the use of the WhatsApp digital application has a positive and significant influence on the work effectiveness of Polewali Mandar District Tourism Office Employees.

Effectiveness on the Implementation of Curfew in the Municipality of Di-lasag, Aurora

The study identified the effectiveness of implementing curfew in the Municipality of Dilasag adopted from the Executive Order (E.O.) No. 2020-0025 s.2020 from the Provincial Government of Aurora. It was focused on the profile, the implementation of curfew regarding security, discipline, health, and crimes, and the citizens' recommendations as part of the research. The study used the descriptive research method to identify the perceptions of 359 respondents selected by Slovin's formula and systematic random sampling who had also answered the survey questionnaire. The average weighted mean revealed that curfew implementation was effective and improved the community's security, discipline, health, and crime prevention. The chi-square test as the utilized statistical treatment revealed that profile such as sex, educational attainment, and occupation has no significant difference in implementing a curfew. However, it was shown in the study that age profile has a highly significant difference in health and crime prevention and has a significant difference in security and discipline. Furthermore, the study signified that the age group was correlated to the curfew implementation, that older respondents perceived a high level of effectiveness of curfew implementation compared to younger respondents. Finally, parents' participation is an important recommendation and is still needed to improve curfew implementation in the community., and supporting political and security stability.

The Influence of Social Media Usage On Some Anti-Social Behaviours (Cultism and Bullying) Among Secondary School Students in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria

The study investigated social media usage and antisocial behaviours (cultism and bullying) among secondary school students in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. A sample of 400 students from a population of 5233 was used for the study. Taro Yamen’s formula and simple random sampling were used to compose the sample. Three research questions were answered while three corresponding null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Two instruments titled Anti-social Behaviour Scale (ABS) and Social Media questionnaire (SMQ) were used for data collection. The instruments were validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability of the instruments was estimated using Cronbach alpha reliability method of internal consistency. Data were analyzed using multiple regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), simple regression and t-test associated with regression. Findings revealed among others that social media usage (Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram independently accounts for 63.5% variation in tendency to cultism activities among secondary school students of Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. It was also revealed that social media usage (Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram) accounts for 44.65% variation in tendency towards bullying among these students. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that students should be taught on how to make more constructive and fruitful use of their phones. The implication of the results was highlighted in line with the findings. The study successfully contributed to knowledge as it has established empirically that students can learn the acts of cultism from their use of social media.