Contamination characteristics and preliminaery exposure risk assessment of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formula sold in Beijing in 2021

Abstract

To explore the contamination characteristics of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas sold in Beijing in 2021, and to evaluate the exposure risk of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters for infants and toldders aged 0-36 months old. The contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formula samples were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standards. Combined with the recommended consumption of infant formulas, the exposure level of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months was calculated. The detection rate of 3-chloropropane-1, 2-diol esters(3-MCPDE), 2-chloropropane-1, 3-diol esters(2-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters in infant formulas were 98.6%, 97.1% and 95.7%, respectively. The average contents of 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and glycidyl esters were 44.54, 15.65 and 12.65 μg/kg. For infant of each age groups, the daily intakes of 3-MCPDE via infant formulas by each infant groups were 0.28-0.90 μg/(kg BW), which were all lower than the tolerable daily intake(TDI, 2 μg/(kg BW));the daily intakes of 2-MCPDE via infant formulas by each infant groups were 0.10-0.29 μg/(kg BW);the exposure levels of glycidyl were 0.08-0.22 μg/(kg BW), and the margin of exposure(MOE) values were all higher than 25 000. Chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas sold in Beijing from 2021 were less polluted and their intake was within the safe range.