Sampling Formula Research Articles

ANALISIS DESAIN KEMASAN, HARGA, KUALITAS PRODUK DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (STUDI KASUS MEDAN CRISPY 22 M2C DESA SAMPALI PRECUT SEI TUAN

This research is motivated by the existence of competition in the management of home-made fried onions in Medan. Competition for homemade fried onions that has become increasingly stringent recently has had an effect on the business of Medan Crispy Fried Onions 22. The increasing number of consumer choices for fried onions managed by the people in the city of Medan, makes consumers more free to choose which fried onions suit their tastes and can afford them. make ends meet. This has made fried onion business actors in Medan vying to deliver the best quality products. Therefore, this research tries to examine the development of the culinary industry for fried onion products in Medan Crispy 22 so that the business can survive until now and continue to experience an increase in sales. This study aims to determine the effect of packaging design, price and product quality on purchasing decisions of Medan Crispy 22 M2C. This type of research uses quantitative research methods with primary and secondary data sources. The number of samples in this study is 100 respondents who are influenced by using the Wibisono formula and purposive sampling technique, namely the technique of determining the sample according to certain considerations. This study uses SPSS 26.0 as a data cooking tool. What will happen this research proves that partially packaging design has no significant effect on purchasing decisions, while price and product quality partially have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. while simultaneously showing that packaging design, price and product quality together have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

Explaining the Causes and Contexts of the Formation of Organizational Insentience in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran

INTRODUCTION The phenomenon of organizational insentience has been one of the main challenges in recent years and refers to a situation in which the employees of an organization have become indifferent to their organizational environment. The current research was conducted to investigate the causes and contexts of the formation of organizational insentience in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province, Iran. METHODS: This applied study was conducted based on the descriptive-correlation method of data collection. The statistical population of this research included all the managers of Red Crescent Organization in Tehran province in 2021. The samples (n=90) were selected using Cochran's statistical formula and stratified random sampling. The required data were collected using a researcher made organizational insentience questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked and confirmed. The collected data were analyzed in Smart PLS software using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach. FINDINGS: The results of the research showed that causal conditions had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the central category with a standard beta coefficient of 0.725, t=17.625, and P=0.001 at the level of one percent error. Moreover, contextual conditions with a beta coefficient of 0.410, t=3.107, and P=0.002 had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the category of strategies at the level of one percent error. Intervening conditions had a direct, positive, and significant effect on strategies at the level of one percent error (standard beta coefficient=0.221, t=3.008, and P=0.003). The central category had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the strategy category with a beta coefficient of 0.334, t=2.282, and P=0.023 at the five percent error level. Based on the results, at one percent error level, the strategies presented in the research had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the outcomes (standard beta coefficient=0.347, t=3.769, and P=0.000). In total, the results showed the existence of organizational insentience in the Red Crescent Organization of Tehran province, which can be reduced by applying appropriate methods. CONCLUSION: According to the findings, by reducing the sense of meaninglessness, double standards, eliminating organizational discrimination, applying appropriate procedures in strategies and their implementation, paying attention to the structural dimensions of the Red Crescent Society in Tehran province, and implementing meritocracy management, it would be possible to increase organizational social capital, the level of interest, commitment, and responsibility of employees towards the Society and work, organizational independence, organizational justice, the atmosphere of trust, and supportive behaviors from the Society and employees. By adopting these measures, a step would be taken toward preventing the formation of organizational insentience in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province.

Revisiting One-Carbon Metabolites in Human Breast Milk: Focus on S-Adenosylmethionine.

Breastfeeding is the gold standard for early nutrition. Metabolites from the one-carbon metabolism pool are crucial for infant development. The aim of this study is to compare the breast-milk one-carbon metabolic profile to other biofluids where these metabolites are present, including cord and adult blood plasma as well as cerebrospinal fluid. Breast milk (n = 142), cord blood plasma (n = 23), maternal plasma (n = 28), aging adult plasma (n = 91), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 92), and infant milk formula (n = 11) samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify choline, betaine, methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, total homocysteine, and cystathionine. Differences between groups were visualized by principal component analysis and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Correlation analysis was performed between one-carbon metabolites in human breast milk. Principal component analysis based on these metabolites separated breast milk samples from other biofluids. The S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentration was significantly higher in breast milk compared to the other biofluids and was absent in infant milk formulas. Despite many significant correlations between metabolites in one-carbon metabolism, there were no significant correlations between SAM and methionine or total homocysteine. Together, our data indicate a high concentration of SAM in breast milk, which may suggest a strong demand for this metabolite during infant early growth while its absence in infant milk formulas may indicate the inadequacy of this vital metabolic nutrient.

Occurrence and risk assessment of 3-monochloropropanediols esters (3-MCPDE), 2-monochloropropanediol esters (2-MCPDE), and glycidyl esters (GE) in commercial infant formula samples from Malaysia

The presence of 3-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDE), 2-monochloropropanediol esters (2-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in infant formula products has raised serious concerns. They incorporate vegetable oils, particularly palm-based oils, which are well-known to contain large amounts of these process contaminants. An analysis was conducted on infant formula samples (n = 16) obtained from the Malaysian market to determine the levels of 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was validated, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) on instrument of 0.10 µg/g for all analytes. The median concentrations of 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE in infant formula in this study were 0.008 µg/g, 0.003 µg/g and 0.002 µg/g respectively. The estimated dietary intakes calculated from consumption of infant formula show higher exposures to infants within the age group of 0 to 5 months, highest for GE (1.61 µg/kg bw/day), followed by 3-MCPDE (0.68 µg/kg bw/day) and 2-MCPDE (0.41 µg/kg bw/day) compared to the age group of 6 to 12 months. Only one sample, relating to GE exposure is a potential risk for both age groups with MOE value below 25,000.

Effectiveness of Strategic Management Practices on Governance of Local Government Authorities in Tanzania

Purpose: Adoption of Strategic Management Practices play a significant role in improving governance of Local Government Authorities and enhances good service deliverance at grassroot level. The Local Government and Central Government have been working collating to ensure that staffs are committed to implement strategic management plan. The results of this study will help practitioners, policy maker’s government staff and appointed leaders to opt corrective decisions in formulation, implementation and evaluation of strategic plan of the council. This could result into achievement of the council goal and hence performance improvement.
 Methodology: The study used content analysis and non-parametric analysis to determine the significant changes in accountability and transparency before 2015 and during the 2015/2020. Mixed methods approach were adopted where simple random sampling was used to obtain sample size using Israel formula and purposive sampling was to obtain key informants for interview. Multiple methods were used to collect data and triangulate the information for reporting the findings of the cases obtained in the study area. Quantitative data were mainly collected through questionnaire from sample size of 351 respondents (85%), interview method used to collect data from 63 (15%) key informants and documentary review was used to triangulate and acknowledge the cases emerged from the study findings. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v.20.
 Findings: Governance of Local Government Authority was measured by assessing accountability, strategic plan, implementation plan, monitoring and evaluation, specialization, work plan delivered, council chart, transparency and planning linked with and budgeting. It is recommended that trainings, implementation sensing, follow-ups, efficient working resulted to efficient Strategic Management Practices and achievement of council overall goal. The study experienced a significant improvement in both accountability and transparency in 2015-2020 implementation of strategic plans based on estimated budget by the Council.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommend that a written strategic plan should be referenced by staff in ensuring implementation of the assigned duties to achieve the stated objectives based on planned activities and resources allocated with maximum commitment to all departments.

Toz bebek mamalarının mikrobiyolojik kalitelerinin ve mama hazırlama önerilerine uygunluğunun araştırılması

The present study aimed to investigate the microbiological quality of powdered infant formulas on sale in Turkey and to assess the compliance of the preparation instructions recommended by the formula companies with the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the study, 36 powdered infant formulas belonging to 10 different companies were analysed regarding the presence of Cronobacter sakazakii, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, coliform and faecal coliform, mould-yeast, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts. C. sakazakii was detected in two of the examined formula samples. At various levels, B. cereus in nine, S. auerus in four, coliform bacteria in 10 and faecal coliform bacteria in eight of the formula samples were found and these identified values were discovered above the legal limits. When the compliance of the preparation instructions recommended by the formula companies with the WHO guidelines was evaluated, the instruction requiring the water temperature to be >70°C, which is critical in the control of C. sakazakii, was not included in the preparation instructions of any formula companies. Although the microbiological quality of the formulas was determined by the legal limits, it was observed that the targeted microbiological quality could not be reached in some of the examined formula samples and the instructions prepared by the companies may not be adequate for the food safety.

ՀԱՑԱԶԳԻՆԵՐԻ ԳԵՆԵՏԻԿԱԿԱՆ ԲԱԶՄԱԶԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՈՒՍՈՒՄՆԱՍԻՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՍՊԻՏԱԿՈՒՑԱՅԻՆ ՄԱՐԿԵՐՆԵՐԻ ԿԻՐԱՌՄԱՄԲ

The crops variety growing in Armenia has not been fully explored yet, hence, their genetic potential has not been revealed. Therefore, study of gliadin (Gld) locus contained in cereals’ embryo will further clarify the process of allelofunds and genotypes, homozygocity and heterozigocity, genetic similarity, genetic formula and genomic analysis of studied cultivars and wild species. The research was carried out in 2021-2022 in the educational laboratory of Food Quality Control of the Armenian National Agrarian University. The samples of the studied plants were taken from the ex-situ seed collection of the National Genebank of Agricultural Crops and their Wild Relatives of the “Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnology” branch of the Armenian National Agrarian University. From the electrophoretic spectrum of gliadin (Gld) for the study and identification of the genetic diversity of the inventory samples of cereals diversity protein formulas were deciphered, allelotypes and genotypes, homozygosity and heterozygosity levels were determined, and genomic analysis was performed. According to the genomic analysis of the studied cereals varieties and wild relatives using protein markers, gliadin is spread into four zones: α, β, γ and ω. The genes regulating the synthesis of different parts of gliadin of α, β, γ, ω zones, are polymorphic located in chromosomes 6B(S), 1A(S), 1B(S), 1D(S), and in the case of Alti aghaj, Voskehask and Gjulgian also in 6A chromosome. There are no genes regulating the synthesis of gliadin segments in chromosome 6D(α). Research results, as genetic markers, can be used in identification and selection of studied varieties and wild species.

Checklist Approach for the Development of Educational Applications by Novice Software Developers

Innovation and challenges are significant factors that lead to the improvement in technology involving various sectors, including the educational field. New methods and techniques have been introduced in teaching and learning among learners and educators. Modern technology generates an effective learning process that increases the students’ interest and understanding of learning activities. Hence, software engineers need to develop high-quality educational applications that include the required elements such as learning materials and types of assessments. In addition, it should align with stipulated guidelines, timelines, budgets, and policies. Adaptation of a checklist approach in developing educational software can improve the quality of the software significantly. The checklist approach appears to be more effective for developers, especially novices with limited knowledge in relevant evidence-based principles. This study investigates the checklist approach for novice software developers in developing educational applications. A survey was employed to gather data from a group of respondents. This study used two types of sampling methods which were purposive sampling and Yamane formula. It shows that 89.19% of the respondents had understood and benefited from the provided checklist.

Identifying and Selecting Appropriate Strategies for Integrating Green Management into the Structure of Razi University: A Mixed Sequential Exploratory Study

The purpose of this study was to identify and select appropriate strategies for integrating green management (GM) activities in to the structure of Razi University using a mixed sequential exploratory method. Using critical case sampling method, 32 individuals were selected as statistical sample in qualitative phase of the research. The main technique in this phase was three-level coding process (open, axial, and selective coding) alongside “Content Validity Ratio” for refining identified codes. The final output of this section was to identify the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats ahead of the university to integrate GM in its structure. In the quantitative phase, the comprehensive framework of strategy development was used. A total of 250 staff and faculty members were selected using Cochran's formula and random stratified sampling method as a statistical sample in the quantitative phase (N = 965). The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (extracted from qualitative phase) which its validity and reliability were confirmed using “Content Validity Ratio” (CVR≥ 0.54) and “Cronbach's alpha coefficient” (α≥ 0.84). According to the steps of the “comprehensive strategy development framework”, after determining the strategic position of Razi University, eight strategies were identified for integrated GM in to the university operations. Hierarchical matrix wased used to idntify the best strategies for integrating GM in to Razi university straucturs according to criterions of time and cost, feasibility, compose operations, and educational and research programs. Findings showed that strategies of joining or membership of the university in one of the global green university evaluation systems and technology change are the most sensitive to GM; And by applying them, more tangible results can be achieved in the field of GM development in the university.

The Role of Flexibility and Competence on Work Performance According to the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction Among Young Teachers in Sistan and Baluchistan Province

Background and Aim: The most important task of education in this era, considering the complexity and expansion of science, is to first improve the performance of teachers and managers and to set precise targets to measure their performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of flexibility and competence on work performance with regard to the mediating role of job satisfaction among young teachers in Sistan and Baluchistan province. Methods: In terms of the purpose it was an applied study, the in terms of data collection it was a survey and it was a descriptive- correlation study. the statistical population was 440 young teachers of Sistan and Baluchistan province, who were selected using the Cochran formula and random sampling method. Multi-stage cluster, 205 people were selected as the sample size. Library and field data collection methods and tools for measuring written documents and four questionnaires, including Martin et al.'s human resources flexibility questionnaire (2005), Motahrinejad and Jahangard's teacher competence questionnaire (2017) and Patterson's occupational performance questionnaire (1922). Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used among teachers. The validity of the tool was measured through face, content and construct validity, and reliability was measured through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis using SPSS-v23 and Smart Pls-v3 software. Results: The results showed that flexibility and competence have a significant effect on work performance according to the mediating role of job satisfaction among young teachers in Sistan and Baluchistan province. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that examining the role of job flexibility and competence on the work performance of young teachers with the mediation of job satisfaction can lead to efficient and satisfactory performance in the field of education.

Designing an Empowerment Model for Developing Professional and Ethical Competencies of Primary School Managers

Objective: The research aims to design an empowerment model for developing professional and ethical competencies in primary school managers. Method: It employs a mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) method, involving selected experts from the education organization for the qualitative part. The sample size was 17, following the saturation principle. The quantitative population included 1500 primary school managers in Tehran, with a sample size of 306 determined using Cochran's formula and random cluster sampling. Data were measured using semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.870). Data analysis used Strauss's method for content analysis, the Delphi technique, and structural equation modeling with SPSS22 and AMOS26. Findings: Findings indicated that 75% of primary school managers' professional and ethical competencies relate to empowerment dimensions: Technical, Human, Cognitive, Communicative, Teamwork Skills, Initiative Skills. These can explain and predict competencies comprising Individual Characteristics, Management Skills, Organizational Factors, Entrepreneurial Competence, Business Competence, Leadership, Decision Making, Collaboration. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study successfully designs an empowerment model that significantly contributes to the development of professional and ethical competencies among primary school managers. This model, grounded in comprehensive research and expert insights, demonstrates the vital role of empowerment in enhancing the essential managerial competencies needed for effective educational leadership in primary schools.

Electronic learning system (ELS) usability and academic engagement of undergraduates in public universities in Lagos State, Nigeria

The study investigated the influence of electronic learning system usability on academic engagement of undergraduates in public universities in Lagos State, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted to determine the influence of digital literacy skills on academic engagement of these undergraduates. Study population was derived from 65,427 undergraduates in two long-existing public universities in Lagos State, Nigeria. A sample size of 381 respondents was determined through Krejcie Morgan sampling formula while the stratified sampling technique was used to select each respondent from the universities in study. The researcher developed a selfstructured questionnaire and administered 30 copies as pre-test at Lagos State University of Science and Technology. Construct validity and ethical consent was sought at Babcock University. The response rate of the questionnaire was 91.34%. Study’s findings revealed that the extent of ELS usability was high and ELS usability has a positive significant influence on academic engagement. The study recommended that undergraduates should be equipped with more digital facilities to encourage the sustenance of its usability already in existence among undergraduates.

AIDA COMMUNICATION MODEL ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS: ASSESSING THE HIERARCHICAL ORDER AND ITS APPLICABILITY ON PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS

The main aim of this research was to ascertain the influence of social media on promotion of universities in Tanzania, using the AIDA Communication Model. Second year students from 20 higher learning institutions were provided with questionnaires to respond on how social media platforms facilitated their choice in universities, based on indicators from AIDA Communication Model as stipulated by Girvu, (2013) and Abdelkader & Rabie (2019), and modified by the researcher. The study employed an explanatory research design. Sampling was done through Cochran Sample formula, with a 95% confidence level of precision, where a total of 384 second year students out of 40,755 were sampled from 22 universities. A Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) using the STATA software version16.0 was used to analyse the data. Findings revealed that while a hierarchical order may be followed in traditional face-to-face consumer decision making process, it is not necessarily the case when it comes to social media platforms. In addition to indicators for each element in the AIDA model appearing in multiple elements, what attracts one persons’ attention is the factor that causes another person to act.

The Relationship between Inter-Organizational Relations and Leadership Performance in the Ministry of Petroleum of the Republic of South Sudan

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of political-adminis- trative interface on leadership performance in the Ministry of Petroleum of the Republic of South Sudan. The study was guided by Leader Member Exchange Theory. The study adopted quantitative descriptive research design targeting 1973 employees working in the Ministry of Petroleum. The researcher adopted Yamane sampling formula to arrive at 333 employees as the sample size. The main data source was primary data collected using questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics techniques were used to analyse quantitative data which include frequencies, percentages and mean. Regression analysis technique was used to analyse the inferential statistics and to test the set hypotheses. The findings were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study established significant influence of inter-organizational relations on leadership performance in the Ministry of Petroleum and assessed intervention strategies that could be adopted to improve public leadership effectiveness in the Ministry of Petroleum. The study further concluded that the poor leadership performance in the Ministry of Petroleum of the Republic of South Sudan was due to inter-organizational relations caused by ineffective organizational structures. The study recommends that the Ministry of Petroleum should enhance the institutional structures for improved leadership performance there should be checks and balances in the operation of the ministry to achieve the desired accountability. Such checks and balances will go a long achieving operation efficiency and optimum resource utilization.

STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES DIFFERENCES ON AKIDAH AKHLAK: A STUDY OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODELS ON JIGSAW-TYPE AND STAD-TYPE OF KALAM SCIENCE MAIN TOPIC AT CLASS XI IN MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 1 POLEWALI MANDAR

This study examines the learning outcomes of students in moral academia subjects using jigsaw and STAD-type cooperative learning models in MAN 1 Polewali Mandar. This research is a pseudo-experiment. The samples were class XI IPA 1 and class XI IPS 2, both given treatment (treatment). Class XI IPA 1 was given the treatment of the jigsaw-type cooperative learning model, and class XI social studies two was given the treatment of STAD type cooperative learning model. In data collection, researchers used tests, observations, and documentation. The data obtained were then processed using an independent test formula of the t-test sample, with the help of the SPSS version 25 application. The results of the study obtained in the two groups through descriptive statistical analysis, the average learning outcomes of akidah akhlak using the jigsaw type learning model were = 81.25. In contrast, the average learning outcomes of Akidah akhlak using the STAD-type cooperative learning model were = 79.60. The results of the data homogeneity analysis showed that the F-value = 1.343 ≤ Ftabel = 4.10 expressed the sample data as homogeneous. For the Hypothesis test, the t-test showed that what was obtained was calculated as 1.76 < table 1.991, this shows that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected, so it can be concluded that there is no difference in learning outcomes in classes taught with the jigsaw-type and the STAD-type cooperative-learning model class XI science one and class XI IPS 2 in MAN 1 Polewali Mandar.

Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Gender Dan Gaya Hidup Terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan Mahasiswa

The purpose of this research is to find out empirically relationship between financial literacy, gender and lifestyle with financial management behavior. This research was conducted by taking a sample of accounting students from Politeknik Negeri Padang in West Sumatera. The theory used in this research is Theory of Plan Behaviour theory. Using the Slovin formula and purposive sampling techniques, 90 students were selected as samples. The results of the study that financial literacy did not have a relationship with financial management behavior. Meanwhile, gender and lifestyle has a relationship with financial management behavior. However, simultaneously the three variables, namely financial literacy, gender, and lifestyle have a relationship with financial management behavior.

PARTIAL VALIDATION OF THE EFFECTS OF RE-ASHING DURATION AND COOLING TIME ON FOOD’S ASH DETERMINATION UNDER ISO/IEC 17025 GUIDELINES

Validation of food analysis method is important to ensure results’ quality and it is a must in ISO/IEC 17025. A study was performed to evaluate effects of re-ashing duration and cooling time on food’s ash content. Proximate Food analysis (macro & micro nutrients) is very important. Methods were validated according to international guidelines (including ISO 17025) and through participation within international recognized proficiency schemes with adequate Z scores (− 2 ≥ x ≤ 2) and recoveries (90–110%). Many reported methods on ash analysis by dry ashing vary greatly in ashing conditions, making results incomparable. In the present study we validate re-ashing duration (1 & 2 hr) and cooling time (90 min/ RT) on ash measurement of 23 biscuits samples, 15 flour and 23 milk (infant formula) samples under ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines. For comparable results, a standardized method of re-ashing samples at specific °C is proposed for all types of foods (eg: biscuit, flour, infant formula, etc-----). Our results reveal that ashing and re-ashing at previous mentioned condition give comparable results with no significant change. This method was shown to have acceptable precision by the present study. This method was shown to have acceptable precision by the present study.

THE Relationship Of Knowledge And Attitude Of Public Mothers With Early Feeding Of MPASI In The Work Area


 
 
 
 Abstract 
 Background: The World Health Organization or the World Health Organization declares that breast milk is the right food and is suitable for the growth and development of infants throughout the world. However, giving baby complementary foods before reaching the age of 6 months and over will have a very detrimental effect on the baby. Exclusive breastfeeding for infants (< 6 months) contributes greatly to the reduction in infant mortality. On the other hand, giving additional food too early will increase the risk of developing both infectious and non-infectious diseases for the baby. Purpose: This study aims to determine how closely the mother's knowledge and attitudes are with the provision of early MP-ASI in the Kedai Sianam Health Center Work Area, Batu Bara Regency. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of observational research with a cross-sectional design where the independent and dependent variables are measured at the same time. The population used is all mothers who have a baby of 6 months. The number of samples based on the sample formula is 32 people. In this study, sampling was done by simple random sampling or by simple random sampling where all members of the population had the opportunity to be selected as samples. Results: The relationship between the mother's level of knowledge about complementary feeding and the provision of complementary feeding in early months in the Kedai Sianam 33 Health Center Work Area, Batu Bara Regency in 2022 with a number of 32 respondents, there is a significant relationship with a p value of 0.001 where the majority of respondents who have poor knowledge give Complementary foods for babies before 6 months.
 .
 
 
 
 
 Key word: MP-ASI, growth, development, knowledge
 
 
 

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Sanksi Perpajakan Dan Pemahaman Perpajakan Terhadap Wajib Pajak Umkm Setelah Diterbitkan Uu Harmonisasi No. 7 Tahun 2021 (Studi Kasus pada Dinas Koperasi, Usaha Mikro dan Tenaga Kerja Kota Kediri)

This research sought to determine the impact of tax knowledge, tax sanctions, and understanding of taxation toward taxpayers compliance on MSMEs after published of harmonization law number 7 year of 2021. The government stipulates a tax rate of 0.5% but on condition that the gross turnover in a year is less than Rp500 million, which is exempt from tax payments. So, MSME actors are only subject to tax if the turnover in one year is more than Rp500 million. Using the slovin formula and random sampling, this study had 100 participants. The data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression, and t test. The research found that knowledge of taxation and tax sanctions had no substantial impact on MSMEs taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, the understanding variable has a substantial impact. The result of the determinant coefficient calculation is 0.293, which indicates that only 29.3% of taxpayer compliance is influenced by tax knowledge, tax sanctions, and tax understanding, with the other 70.7% being influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN PARTISIPATIF DINASIPEMUDAIOLAHRAGAIDANIPARIWISATA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN OBJEKIWISATA ANJUNGAN KABUPATEN ENREKANG

The aims of this research are to participatory leadership of the Youth, Sports and Tourism Office on the Development of Pavilion Tourism Objects, Enrekang District, Enrekang district, Galonta Villagei. Theipopulationiin thisistudyiwere 47 employeesiatithe Department of Youth, Sports and Tourism with sampling using the saturated sample formula so that Obtained a sample of 47 people . This type of research is descriptive and quantitative. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, questionnaires, and literature study. The data analysis technique used is the IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 application. Theiresults ofithisistudyiindicateithat the influence of participatory leadership with a percentage of 61.4% has a good effect. The development of the Pavilion tourist attraction with a percentage of 50.1% is not good. The influence of leadership "Influential/Significant" onithe development ofithe tourist attraction ofithe platform ofithe Enrekang sub-district, Enrekang district, Galonta village withia valueiof ticount titable or 3.,331 ≥ 2,212 with an influence percentage of 19.8%, so the influence of participatory leadership ofithe youthsports anditourism officeion the development of the object Pavilion tourism in Gallonta Village, Enrekang District, Enrekang Regency has not been effective.