Salmonella Research Articles

Characteristics of drug resistance and molecular typing of Salmonella enteritidis isolated in Shanxi Province

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance status and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Salmonella enteritidis (S.enteritidis) in Shanxi Province in order to provide references for the treatment of Salmonella infection and for tracing the source of outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Methods Sixty-four S. enteritidis strains were collected by monitoring sites for foodborne diseases from April 2015 to March 2018. Biochemical identification system and serotyping analysis were used for bacterial identification. Drug susceptibility patterns were analyzed with micro-broth dilution method. PFGE was used for molecular typing. Results The antimicrobial resistance rate of 64 S. enteritidis strains to nalidixic acid (95.31%) was the highest, followed by that to ampicillin (90.63%) and to ampicillin/sulbactam (81.25%). They had lower resistance rates to cefazolin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ceftazidime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxzole and ciprofloxacin (3.13%-23.44%) and were all sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, azithromycin, imipenem and gentamicin. No statistically significant difference in drug resistance rates was found between the sporadic strains and the outbreak strains (P>0.05). All 64 S. enteritidis strains digested with XbaⅠwere divided into 33 molecular patterns by PFGE. The numbers of bacteria contained in each pattern ranged from 1 to 10 strains. The similarity among patterns was between 54.6% and 100%. Conclusion More attention should be paid to the drug resistance status of S. enteritidis in Shanxi Province. It is necessary to strengthen the standardized administration of antibiotics. The PFGE patterns of S. enteritidis reveal the presence of significant genetic polymorphism. PFGE is of great significance in analyzing the genetic relationship among S. enteritidis strains and in identifying and tracing the source of outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Key words: Salmonella enteritidis; Drug sensitivity; PFGE molecular typing

Isolation and identification of Salmonella serotypes in poultry

Isolation and identification of Salmonella serotypes in poultry

DETERMINATION OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION, PH AND TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN SHEEP AND CATTLE CARCASSES DURING THE SLAUGHTER AND PRE-COOLING PROCESSES IN KONYA, TURKEY

This study was conducted to determine microbial contamination, pH and internal temperature changes in sheep and cattle carcasses during slaughter and chilling stages. Samples were analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp. and Enterobacteriaceae and aerobic colony counts (ACC) were performed. Air sampling was performed in slaughtering areas and chilling rooms. Mean values of ACCs were between 2.57 ± 0.61 and 4.71 ± 0.24 log CFU/cm2 and between 3.51 ± 0.48 and 5.19 ± 0.28 log CFU/cm2, whereas Enterobacteriaceae counts were between 0.89 ± 0.46 and 2.61 ± 0.10 log CFU/cm2 and between 0.55 ± 0.37 and 3.63 ± 0.39 log CFU/cm2 in cattle and sheep carcasses, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae contamination in the shoulder region of cattle carcasses after washing, Enterobacteriaceae contamination in all regions in sheep carcasses after chilling and ACC in the shoulder region of sheep carcasses after chilling all exceeded the limits of EC regulation (EC No 2073/2005).

Salmonella forms intracellular persisters with TacT

Salmonella forms intracellular persisters with TacT

Survival of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. Typhi in Brewed Pito Retailed in Accra

Survival of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. Typhi in Brewed Pito Retailed in Accra

EVALUACIÓN DE RÍOS DEL VALLE DE CULIACÁN, MÉXICO, COMO RESERVORIOS DE SEROTIPOS DE Salmonella RESISTENTES A ANTIBIÓTICOS

Salmonella es una de las principales causas de gastroenteritis bacteriana y se ha reportado su presencia y sobrevivencia en ecosistemas acuaticos. Esto, aunado al uso indiscriminado de antibioticos en actividades humanas y agropecuarias, podria favorecer la aparicion y diseminacion de cepas resistentes en estos ambientes. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la resistencia a antibioticos (RA) en 111 cepas de Salmonella clasificados en 28 serotipos no tifoideos, aislados de rios del noroeste de Mexico. Se utilizo el metodo de difusion en disco para la evaluacion de un panel de 16 antibioticos, segun lo recomendado por el Instituto de Estandares Clinicos y de Laboratorio. El 50.5 % (56/111) de las cepas fueron resistentes al menos a un antibiotico y el 41.1 % (23/56) de las cepas presentaron multirresistencia. La mayoria (87.5 %) de los serotipos presentaron RA, principalmente a ampicilina, neomicina, y cloranfenicol. El antibiograma revelo 26 patrones de RA entre las cepas de Salmonella . Los serotipos de Salmonella Oranienburg y Saintpaul mostraron gran diversidad de patrones de RA. Estos hallazgos mejoran el conocimiento sobre los serotipos de Salmonella RA de origen acuatico. Ademas, sugieren el riesgo potencial de que los rios del noroeste de Mexico sirvan como reservorios y fuentes de propagacion de esta bacteria entre diferentes hospederos o ambientes.

Serotype distribution characteristics and molecular typing of Salmonella in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2017

Objective To study the serotype distribution characteristics and genotypes of Salmonella strains isolated in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2017. Methods Automatic microbiological identification system and mass spectrometer were used to identify Salmonella strains. Their serotypes were detected using the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor (WKL) scheme based on serological detection. Genotyping was carried out by referring to the molecular typing method of Salmonella serotype pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in PulsenetChina. Cluster analysis was performed with Bionumerics (7.6). Results A total of 408 strains of Salmonella were detected in food and patients in Yunnan Province form 2015 to 2017, belonging to 70 serotypes. Thirty-four Salmonella derby strains were detected in food, accounting for 19.10% of all Salmonella strains detected in food. Among the Salmonella strains detected in patients, 71 were Salmonella enteritis and 67 were Salmonella typhimurium, accounting for 30.34% and 27.63%, respectively. Results of PFGE revealed that Salmonella derby and Salmonella typhimurium were polymorphic, and Salmonella enteritis had obvious advantages PFGE band patterns. No obvious time or geographical aggregation was found in the PFGE bands of the three Salmonella species. Conclusion Seventy Salmonella serotypes had been identified in Yunnan Province by 2017. Salmonella derby was the predominant serotype detected in food, while Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were the predominant serotypes in patients. These three Salmonella species caused sporadic infections in Yunnan Province. Key words: Salmonella serotype; Salmonella derby; Salmonella enteritis; Salmonella typhimurium; Pulse field gel electrophoresis

Preliminary studies on the laxative properties of Senna alata L. and Hollandia yoghurttm

Experiments on Senna alata aqueous extract and Hollandia yoghurt were done to determine active compounds responsible for their laxative properties and to further establish sample vulnerability to microbial attack. Phytochemical screening was performed on test substrates to analyze for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. Escherichia coli (Gram negative), Micrococcus species (Gram positive), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram negative), Enterocococcus species (Gram negative) and Salmonella species (Gram negative) were test bacteria while Penicillium species, Trichophyton species, Rhizopus species, Fusarium oxysporium and Aspergillus niger were test fungi used for microbial assays. The results show that alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids were found in S. alata while only alkaloids, terpenoid and steroid were found in Hollandia yoghurt. S. alata had activity against Penicillium spp., Trichophyton spp. and Rhizopus spp., while Hollandia yoghurt showed no antifungal activity. Aqueous extract of S. alata and Hollandia yoghurt are however together active against test bacteria of which, K. pneumonia is common. Key words: Laxative, Senna alata, hollandia yoghurt.

First Report of CTX-M-15 Salmonella Typhi From England.

First Report of CTX-M-15 Salmonella Typhi From England.

Salmonella and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Survival in Soils Amended with Poultry Manure

Minimizing the risks associated with manure-borne pathogenic microorganisms requires an understanding of microbial survival under realistic field conditions. The objective of this 3-year study was to assess the fate of Salmonella (SALM) and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), E. coli (EC) and enterococci (ENT), in glacial till-derived soils, after application of poultry manure (PM) to cornfields under chisel-plowed (CP) or no-till (NT) management. From 2010 to 2012, soil samples were obtained each spring at 0–15- and 15–30-cm depths, to determine whether over-wintering of target bacteria had occurred. Sampling was followed by application of PM at low (PM1) and high (PM2) rates, based on nitrogen application goals. In 2012, soil samples were collected 21, 42, and 158 days after manure application (DAM), to assess the effects of time, application rates, and tillage on frequency of detection and concentrations of target bacteria. Despite dry conditions, all three target organisms were detected 158 DAM in 2012, and detection of these organisms in spring soil samples from manured plots in 2011 and 2012, nearly a full year after PM application, suggests that these organisms can persist in the soil environment long after application. The highest SALM concentration (790 cfu/g dry weight) and detection rate (25%) was found in PM2 plots 42 DAM. SALM were detected more frequently in CP plots (20%) compared to NT plots (5%). In contrast, tillage practices had no apparent effect on EC or ENT survival, as indicated by both soil, and decay rates estimated from tile-water bacteria concentrations. Decay rate constants (μ) ranged from 0.044 to 0.065 day−1 for EC and 0.010 to 0.054 day−1 for ENT.

Bacteriological Assessment of Drinking Water Supplied Inside the Government Schools of Patna District, Bihar, India

Contamination in drinking water comes in several ways in which soil and fecal contamination are major with respect to microbial agents. The aim of the study was to assess the contamination status of drinking water use by the students in government schools of Patna district, Bihar India. Total 12 samples of 9 government schools were collected aseptically in a 60ml sterile plastic container for bacteriological analysis to determine their suitability for drinking. Water samples were collected aseptically into 60ml sterile plastic container at 9 different government school campus. Twelve samples were subjected to microbiological analysis in order to evaluate the quality of potable water in circulation within the school and identify its sources of contamination. Most probable number or multiple tube tests was applied to detect the presence of coliform in a drinking water sample. Analysis was performed using culture and biological methods. Out of 12 samples, 9 samples show high MPN value. Biochemical test confirms the presence of bacteria like “staphylococcus, klebsiella, salmonella” etc, are absorbs in the water samples. This study emphasizes the need for regular monitoring of water Supply system inside schools.

Saúde Animal, Biossegurança e Segurança dos alimentos

Pork meat and processed pork meat products may carry some hazards that threaten the consumer’s health. These hazards are related with animal health or with the way in which the raw materials are manipulated during slaughtering and manufacturing until the consumption. Substances having anabolic effects, the residues of veterinary drugs and chemical contaminants, some of them with origin in animal production but others produced during the transformation processes should be considered among chemical hazards. Concerning biological hazards, we can mention some parasites like Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium and also some bacteria like Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes. The physicochemical characteristics of fresh meat further facilitate the growth of various microorganisms, other than those mentioned above, which turns it into a highly perishable product. Several transformation processes of the raw material, provide different food products to consumers and constitute ways to increase its shelf-life. Drying, fermentation and cure are among these processing methods. In Portugal there is a wide variety of processed meat products, such as Chourico, Paio, Presunto, Salsichao and Catalao many of them manufactured according to traditional techniques of their regions of origin. Some of these products have been studied at the Universidade de Evora. Some results, which show the favourable effect of a range of transformation processes in controlling some of the mentioned biological hazards, will be presented.

Активність бактеріофагів до множинності резистентних штамів сальмонели та їх різними серотипами

Активність бактеріофагів до множинності резистентних штамів сальмонели та їх різними серотипами

단순가공 어류 수산물 제조 공정 중의 식품학적 위해요소 분석

This study analyzed the food safety in processing process of simple-processed fishery products. A total of 88 samples analyzed for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and physicochemical hazards. No major foodborne pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella sp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7, were detected in any of the samples. However, Bacillus cereus (12 samples, 13.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (15 samples, 17.0%) were frequently detected in both the intermediate processing stages and the final products, although cell populations were not high. Very small amounts of heavy metals and histamine were detected in some samples, in quantities that did not exceed the safe guidelines according to Korean Government regulations. Similarly, no other physical hazards such as foreign material were observed in any of the samples. We concluded that there are no significant pathogenic bacteria or physicochemical food hazards in simply processed fish products from Korea. The present study strongly suggests that increased food sanitation measures should be implemented to decrease the prevalence of S. aureus in simple-processed fishery products.

Zakażenie pałeczką Salmonella enterica u dzieci

Zakażenie pałeczką Salmonella enterica u dzieci

Heat Injury and Recovery in <i>Salmonella</i>

Heat Injury and Recovery in <i>Salmonella</i>

Primer aislamiento de Salmonella Javiana con portación de KPC-2 en Paraguay

Primer aislamiento de Salmonella Javiana con portación de KPC-2 en Paraguay

Pathogens and drug susceptibility test of septic arthritis of hip in children

Objective To study the pathogens and their drug susceptibility of septic arthritis of hip in children. Methods Prior to the antibiotic treatment, pus was extracted for bacterial culture under aseptic operation. The pathogenic bacterium was identified and drug susceptibility was analyzed using a fully automated bacterial identification/drug susceptibility system. Results A total of 68 pathogens were isolated, in which 42 were Gram-positive bacteria, 23 were Gram-negative bacteria and 3 were fungi. The results showed differences in the bacterial types of hip septic arthritis in children with different ages (5 days to 13 years). For newborns (less than 1 month), the most common pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae; for the ages of 1 month to 13 years old, the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. The results of drug susceptibility tests showed that Gram-positive bacteria were highly susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid; the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was up to 96%; and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella were highly sensitive to meropenem and imipenem. Conclusion In the antimicrobial drug treatment of children with hip septic arthritis, the etiology sample should be collected for drug susceptibility analysis. Empirical drug therapy strategy should be applied in the absence of the analysis results. Sensitive antibiotic drug therapy should be used after obtaining reliable etiological diagnosis and drug susceptibility results, and simultaneously taking the age into consideration. Key words: Children; Hip joint; Septic arthritis; Drug resistance; Antibiotic; Drug susceptibility test

Transmissible Ampicillin Resistance Existed Before Ampicillin Was Released

Ampicillin, the first penicillin active against Enterobacteriaceae, became available in 1961. Outbreaks caused by ampicillin-resistant Salmonella

Surveillance and drug resistance analysis of thermotolerant Escherichia coli in sewage from hospitals in Shaoxing

Objective To analyze the drug resistance and detect the drug resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria isolated from hospital sewage, and to investigate the sources of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the environment. Methods The enteric pathogenic bacteria, such as thermotolerant Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella, were isolated from the sewage of Shaoxing hospitals from January 2016 to December 2016, and the detection of drug resistance of thermotolerant Escherichia coli, the drug resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens of three hospitals was compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) resistance genes were detected in thermotolerant Escherichia coli in sewage. Results 48 strains of pathogens were isolated in sewage, including 32 strains of Escherichia coli, 2 strains of Shigella sonnei and 1 strain of Salmonella arizonae. Escherichia coli has a low rate of resistance to most antibiotics. Compared to Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens, there were significant differences among the drug resistance rates of Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and the first to four generation Cephalosporins (P<0.05). 11 strains of ESBLs positive bacteria were detected in sewage. Among them, 7 carried CTX-M9 resistance genes, and 4 carried TEM resistance genes, while 1 strain of CTX-M1 and SHV was carried. There were 2 strains carrying CTX-M9 and TEM resistance genes simultaneously, 1 strain simultaneously carrying TEM and SHV resistance genes. Conclusions There are different kinds of intestinal pathogens in hospital sewage, which may lead to contamination of drug-resistant microorganisms in the environment. Therefore the hospitals should strengthen the quality of sewage treatment and improve the qualified rate of sewage disinfection. Key words: Hospital sewage; Microorganism; Survey; Drug resistance; Thermotolerant Escherichia coli