Salmonella Research Articles

Phytochemical Trial and Bioactivity of the Essential Oil from Coriander Leaves (coriandrum Sativum) on Pathogenic Microorganisms

Coriandrum sativum (Apiaceae), known popularly as coriander, has nutraceutical and functional properties and presents bioactive antimicrobial potential. The essential oil of this herb has been widely investigated and demonstrated efficiency in the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. Knowing this, we aimed to perform a phytochemical screening and to verify the bioactivity of the essential oil of the coriander leaves cultivated in Roraimense Savannah, Brazilian Amazon, on bacteria and yeasts. The leaves were collected in a cultivated area, duly selected, washed and processed, and subsequently destined to a hydro distillation process using Clevenger. Identification and quantification of the volatile constituents were provided by Gas Chromatography of Coupled Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High Resolution Gas Chromatography (GC-FID), respectively. Five microorganisms were used in the bioassays for inhibition and IC50 tests. The oil had an inhibitory potential against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, greater than 80%. There was less than 40% inhibition for Salmonella typhimurium and there was no activity for Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Seven constituents were identified, of which three were: tetradecenal (22.9%); 2-dodecanal (21.6%); and palmitic acid (10.7%). It is believed that the synergy of the secondary constituents of the oil, can positively aid the antimicrobial action.Keywords: Coriandrum sativum, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, GC-MS, Tetradecenal.

High-pressure Fractionation of Tropical Fruits with Potential Antibacterial Activity: Mangifera Indica L. and Bactris Guineensis

The great interest in the potential health benefits of tropical fruits is due to their high content of antioxidants and phytochemicals. Colombia ranks as the second country with the major biodiversity worldwide. B. guineensis (Arecaceae) is a palm that grows in Colombia and Central America. The purple-black fruits of this plant are rich in thermal-stable anthocyanins. M. indica L. (Anacardiaceae) is a great source of phenolic compounds. It has multiple functional properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anticarcinogenic activities. In this work, high-pressure extraction techniques: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and enhanced solvent extraction (ESE), and two different fractionation techniques: i) cascade fractionation and ii) sequential fractionation were applied. Fractions were analyzed by means of their phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains: E. coli, P. mirabilis, S. Aurerus, S. enteritidis, E. aerogenes and P. aeruginosa. The sequential fractionation of B. guineensis pulp consisted in three steps: 1) supercritical CO2, 2) CO2 + 50% ethanol, and 3) CO2/EtOH/H2O (50:25:25). A red fraction rich in phenolic compounds, high antioxidant and antibacterial capacity (inhibition zone ~ 10 mm) was obtained in the last step. A cascade fractionation of M. indica leaves using CO2 + 50% H2O and three separators (S1, S2 and S3) was evaluated. Fractions obtained in S1 and S2 presented antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity against P. mirabilis, and S2 also against S. Aureus and Salmonella.

Analysis of bacterial etiology of the outpatients with infectious diarrhea in the Children′s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics

Objective To analyze the bacterial etiology and drug resistance of pathogens from the outpatients with acute infectious diarrhea in the Children′s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Methods The children with acute infectious diarrhea in the outpatient department of our hospital were randomly enrolled in the period of August 2017 to July 2018. Enteric pathogenic bacteria were cultured and isolated from the fresh stool specimens. The serum of Salmonella spp were identified while five types of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were detected by PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were tested by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Chi-square or Fisher exact test was done for statistical analysis. Results Of the 356 stool specimens, 103 strains of 6 pathogenic bacterial species were detected. The positive rate was 27.8% (99/356), and 2 strains were detected in four stool samples. The isolation rate of Salmonella spp, which was the highest in this study, was 10.7% (38/356). The isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 8.4% (30/356), 5.6% (20/356) and 3.7% (13/356), respectively. No Shigella spp strain was isolated. Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were the dominant serotype for 38 Salmonella spp stains with the isolation rate of 63.2% (24/38). Each 10 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and 10 Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates were detected among the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia colistrain was not found in this study. The resistant rates of Salmonella spp to ampicillin and ceftriaxone were 52.6% (20/38) and 13.2% (5/38), while the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were 11/20 and 1/20, respectively. Three diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates produced extended spectrum beta-lactamase. Conclusions Salmonella spp was the major bacterial pathogen among the outpatients with infectious diarrhea in the hospital. The study indicated that the infection ratios of Staphylococcus aureus, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased. Shigella spp was no long the main pathogenic agent. The resistant rates of Salmonella spp and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli to ampicillin were high, but low resistant rates to ceftriaxone were found among these two kinds of bacteria. The third-generation cephalosporins should be the first choice for the treatment of childhood bacterial diarrhea. Key words: Diarrhea; Salmonella; Escherichia coli; Drug resistance,Bacterial; Child

Construction and characterization of △sseK2 mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium SL1344

Objective To analyze the biological characteristics of a mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 with sseK2-deletion (SL1344△sseK2) in order to provide reference for further study of safe and effective live vaccines. Methods The mutant strain SL1344△sseK2 with a deletion of 1 047 bp in sseK2 gene was constructed through a two-step allelic exchange using recombinant suicide plasmid. Its complemented strain, SL1344C△sseK2, was also constructed. Biological and immunological characteristics of the mutant strain were detected. Results PCR, double-enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis showed that the mutant strain SL1344△sseK2 and the complemented strain SL1344C△sseK2 were successfully constructed. The serotype of the mutant strain was 1, 4, [5], 12: i: 1, 2, identical to the parent strain SL1344. In addition, the mutant strain showed no significant change in biochemical characteristics or growth rate and was genetically stable in vitro. Compared with the parent strain SL1344, the virulence of SL1344△sseK2 was attenuated in BALB/c mice. The median lethal dose of SL1344△sseK2 for 6-week-old BALB/c mice was 3.44×108 colony-forming units (CFU), which was 1 620 times lower than that of SL1344. Oral immunization with SL1344△sseK2 protected 62.5% of the mice against challenge with wild Salmonella typhimurium strains on 17 d after vaccination. The levels of serum IgG antibody peaked on 14 d after immunization. No significant difference in biological characteristics was observed between the complemented and the parent strains, indicating that the mutant strain was basically complemented to the wild-type strain. Conclusions The mutant strain SL1344△sseK2 was constructed successfully and genetically stable with significantly attenuated virulence and good immunogenicity. This study suggested that sseK2 gene played an important role in regulating the virulence of SL1344, which might provide reference for further study of its function and for assessing its potential as a candidate live attenuated vaccine. Key words: Salmonella typhimurium SL1344; Recombinant suicide vector; Mutant strain SL1344△sseK2; Complemented strain SL1344C△sseK2; Biological characteristics

Effect of unfavourable storage conditions on the viability of marketed fowl typhoid vaccines: rural area scenario

Poultry farming in the rural areas of Nigeria plays a major role in the sustenance of the dwellers and contributes to the total national income of the country. Protecting the birds from fowl typhoid is of dire importance. Vials of a marketed fowl typhoid vaccine were subjected to variable storage conditions namely;:daily freeze-thaw cycles, room temperature, 40 oC, 85% relative humidity (RH) and refrigeration (with fluctuating power) for three weeks. Biochemical tests were carried out on the vaccine samples before storage to confirm the presence of live 9R viable Salmonella before commencement of the stability studies. The stability of the vaccines was assessed by performing these studies: percent (%) viability, pH, FTIR spectroscopy and ninhydrin test. For the % viability, the daily freeze-thaw cycle samples had the highest number of viable cells, while the refrigerated samples had the least, after three weeks of storage. The pH showed a slight increases for all the extreme storage conditions. The FTIR spectroscopy showed slight shifts in the peaks of all the spectra after three weeks indicating imminent loss of viability. The results show a gradual loss of viability of the vaccines kept under unfavorable conditions. Stringent measures need to be taken to ensure adequate storage of the vaccines to prevent loss of viability that may lead to infection with fowl typhoid.Keywords: fowl typhoid, vaccine, Salmonella gallinarum, viability, stability, storage

Современные аспекты постинфекционного сальмонеллезного бактерионосительства у детей

Современные аспекты постинфекционного сальмонеллезного бактерионосительства у детей

Characteristics of microbiota of colonic lavage fluid from patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the microbiota of colonic lavage fluid from patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). Methods From August 2014 to March 2015, at the Department of Gastroenterology Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital, 39 patients with D-IBS were enrolled and during the same period 39 patients with self-reported symptoms such as occasional abdominal discomfort or abdominal pain but were excluded from the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were selected as control group. The colonic mucosal tissues and colonic lavage fluid of two groups of patients were collected. DNA was extracted from tissues and colonic fluid. Ten dominant bacteria, including Bacteriodes prevotella, Bacteroidetes, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Dialister pneumosintes, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Salmonella, were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reacticn (RT-PCR). T test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed for statistical analysis. Results The numbers of Bacteriodes prevotella in colonic lavage fluid and the descending colon mucosal tissues of patients in D-IBS group were 3.096±1.462 and 4.278±0.290, respectively, which were lower than those of control group (4.842±1.032 and 5.341±0.433, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.093 and 12.657, both P<0.01). Correspondingly, the numbers of Bacteroidetes were 3.259±0.607 and 3.698±0.554, respectively, which were lower than those of control group (4.085±0.504 and 4.339±0.263, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.538 and 6.528, both P<0.01). The numbers of Clostridium were 5.254±0.522 and 4.471±0.690, which were lower than those of control group (5.949±0.505 and 4.950±0.604, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.976, P<0.01; t=3.262, P=0.002). The number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii from colonic lavage fluid of patients in D-IBS group was 2.238±1.845, which was lower than that of control group (3.222±1.450), and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.619, P=0.011). The Firmicutes (r=0.678, P=0.012), Lactobacillus (r=0.358, P=0.034), Bifidobacterium (r=0.418, P=0.042) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (r=0.568, P=0.022) from colonic mucosal tissues were all positively correlated with those from colonic lavage fluid. However, Salmonella (r=-0.638, P=0.012) and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (r=-0.343, P=0.025) were negatively correlated with those from mucosal tissues. Conclusions An imbalance of the microbiota in colonic lavage fluid is found in D-IBS patients. The numbers of Bacteriodes prevotella, Bacteroidetes, Clostridium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii significantly decrease. Key words: Irritable bowel syndrome; Colonic lavage fluid; Microbiota

Geno-typing and drug resistance gene analysis of Salmonella in Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2015 to 2017

Objective To understand the prevalence of Salmonella and the characteristics of drug resistance genes in General Hospital of People′s Liberation Army, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of Salmonella infection. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect 78 clinical isolates of Salmonella from 2015 to 2017. The age of the patients was 49±21 years old. The infected patients were mainly young and middle-aged. The clinical samples mainly came from feces and venous blood, accounting for 44.87% (35/78) and 33.33% (26/78), respectively. After serotype identification, drug sensitivity test and whole genome sequencing, multilocus sequence typing and drug resistance genotyping were performed. Cluster of Cefotaxime or Ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella was analyzed. Results Salmonella group D (53.85%) and Salmonella group C (21.79%) were dominant Salmonella serotype. ST11 was mainly ST type. Drug sensitivity test showed that the multidrug resistance rate of Salmonella was 64.11% (50/78). The sensitivity to all antimicrobial agents′ rate was 25.64 (20/78). The resistance rate of Salmonella to nalidixic acid was 65.38% (51/78). The most common drug resistance gene of Salmonella was extended-spectrum β-lactam drug resistance gene, accounting for 78.21% (61/78). Conclusions The ST-type and carrying resistance genes of Salmonella in this hospital were diverse. Most pathogens were multi-drug resistant to antimicrobial agents. Molecular typing and drug resistance gene analysis of Salmonella and construction of resistant strains to determine the inheritance of Salmonella relationships have a certain clinical significance. Key words: Salmonella; Drug resistance, bacterial; Multilocus sequence typing

Enhanced Expression and Functional Characterization of the Recombinant Putative Lysozyme-PMAP36 Fusion Protein.

The porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (PMAP), one of the cathelicidin family members, contains small cationic peptides with amphipathic properties. We used a putative lysozyme originated from the bacteriophage P22 (P22 lysozyme) as a fusion partner, which was connected to the N-terminus of the PMAP36 peptide, to markedly increase the expression levels of recombinant PMAP36. The PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion protein with high solubility was produced in Escherichia coli. The final purified yield was approximately 1.8 mg/L. The purified PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion protein exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis). Furthermore, we estimated its hemolytic activity against pig erythrocytes as 6% at the high concentration (128 μM) of the PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion protein. Compared with the PMAP36 peptide (12%), our fusion protein exhibited half of the hemolytic activity. Overall, our recombinant PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion protein sustained the antimicrobial activity with the lower hemolytic activity associated with the synthetic PMAP36 peptide. This study suggests that the PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion system could be a crucial addition to the plethora of novel antimicrobials.

PROFIL KELAINAN KULIT PADA PASIEN DERMATITIS ATOPIK ANAK DAN DEWASA

Dermatitis atopik merupakan peradangan kulit berupa dermatitis kronis residif, disertai rasa gatal, dan dapat mengenai atau menyerang bagian tubuh tertentu. Anak-anak lebih sering terkena dermatitis atopik dan 50% menghilang saat remaja tetapi terkadang menetap dan muncul saat dewasa, atau bahkan baru mulai muncul saat usia dewasa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil kelainan kulit pada pasien dermatitis atopik anak dan dewasa.&#x0D; Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain retrospektif. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu pasien anak dan dewasa yang didiagnosis dermatitis atopik di URJ Kulit dan Kelamin RSI Jemursari Surabaya tahun 2014-2015. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien.&#x0D; Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah 44 orang (15 pasien anak, 29 pasien dewasa pada pasien anak didapatkan 10 tempat predileksi lesi dan total yang didapatkan yaitu 22 tempat predileksi dengan tempat predileksi lesi yang paling banyak pada kaki (27,3%). Sedangkan pada 29 sampel pada pasien dewasa, didapatkan 22 tempat predileksi lesi dan total yang didapatkan yaitu 52 tempat predileksi dengan tempat predileksi lesi yang paling banyak adalah Lengan sebanyak 7 orang (13,5%)&#x0D; Pasien Anak yang mengalami Dermatitis Atopik didapatkan hampir setengahnya tempat predileksi lesi pada kaki dan jenis lesinya macula eritema. Sedangkan pada pasien Dewasa sebagian kecil tempat predileksi lesi pada lengan dengan jenis lesi pada macula eritema.

Outbreak of Salmonella in Poultry of Bangladesh and possible remedy

Outbreak of Salmonella in Poultry of Bangladesh and possible remedy

Chemotaxis of a single Salmonella cell toward different attractants

Chemotaxis of a single Salmonella cell toward different attractants

Salmonella Typhi Septicaemia with Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatitis

Salmonella Typhi Septicaemia with Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatitis

Study of Illness Problems Caused By Salmonella and Relation with Typhoid

Study of Illness Problems Caused By Salmonella and Relation with Typhoid

Salmonella Infection Among Foodhandlers at Campus Canteen in Indonesia

Salmonella Infection Among Foodhandlers at Campus Canteen in Indonesia

Bolo de banana com frutooligossacarídeo

O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar formulações de bolo com farinha de banana verde (Musa sp.) e frutooligossacarídeo, e avaliar o efeito da substituição da farinha de trigo pela farinha de banana verde, no que se refere às características sensoriais e químicas do produto proposto. Foram elaboradas três formulações de bolo, que foram avaliadas microbiologicamente (bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella sp.), sensorialmente (preferência, aceitação e intenção de compra) e quimicamente (umidade, lipídios, proteínas, cinzas, fenólicos totais, radical difenil-picril-hidrazina e redução do ferro). Além disso, foram determinados os carboidratos totais e o percentual calórico dos bolos. As três formulações de bolo, estavam microbiologicamente seguras, diferiram sensorialmente no que se refere a aparência e a cor, sendo esses parâmetros estatisticamente iguais entre as formulações 1 e 3 e formulações 2 e 3. A composição química variou a umidade (22,82 a 28,67), os fenólicos totais (124 a 267,08) e a redução do ferro (4,45 a 10,18). A substituição da farinha de trigo por farinha de banana não influenciou a qualidade microbiológica dos bolos, a preferência sensorial e potencial de consumo, porém exerceu pouco efeito na aceitação sensorial e na composição química, sendo assim, diante das características observadas nas formulações de bolo com farinha de banana e frutooligossacarídeo indicam que são potencialmente atrativas do ponto de vista comercial e nutricional.

Investigating the Ability of Producing Biofilm by Isolated Salmonella from Food

Investigating the Ability of Producing Biofilm by Isolated Salmonella from Food

Characterization of a colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:- harbouring mcr-3.2 on a variant IncHI-2 plasmid identified in Canada.

We have identified a Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- containing a mcr-3.2 in a patient who travelled to Thailand 1 month prior to the identification of it in Canada. The isolate was multidrug resistant, but remained susceptible to the carbapenems, amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The mcr-3.2 was carried on a 261 Kb variant of the IncHI2 pWJ1. This report provides further evidence of the emergence of a ST34 colistin-resistant clone.

In vitro assessment of Leuconostoc mesenteroides zinc nanoparticles against Salmonella serovars recovered from broilers chickens

Salmonella serovars are responsible for a variety of acute and chronic diseases in poultry. Leuconostoc mesenteroides probiotic can exert antimicrobial activity by producing diverse fermentative metabolites with bactericidal or bacteriostatic activities such as lactic and acetic acids, fatty acids, hydrogen peroxide or diacetyl and antimicrobial proteins such as bacteriocins and peptidoglycan hydrolase enzymes. This trial aimed at adding novel therapy against virulent and multidrug resistance avian salmonellosis. The incidence of salmonellae in this study was 20% with high recovery rate from liver followed by yolk sac and the most common serovars were Salmonella Kentukey, Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis whose antibiogram showed high resistance to ampicillin, nalidexic acid, sulphamethoxasole + trimethoprim and tetracyclines. Selected virulent and multidrug resistant Salmonella serovars were exposed to probiotic mixture consisting of L. mesenteroides and zinc nanoparticles in different concentration to detect the antibacterial effect against different Salmonella serovars as novel therapy for avian salmonellosis. This study revealed that green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles by using L. mesenteroides biodegradation 100 nm in size and 10 µg/ml in concentration has potent inhibitory effect against broad range of Salmonella serovars but its salmonicidal effect occurred only at 2000 µg/ml. Key words: Broilers chicken, Salmonella, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, zinc nanoparticles.

Antimicrobial effects of wasp (Vespa orientalis) venom

Background and objective The discovery of novel naturally occurring antimicrobial agents is one of the most promising approaches for overcoming the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Venomous animals from different ecological niches and taxonomic groups have recently gained attention in the search for new antimicrobials to treat infectious diseases. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Orient hornet venom. Materials and methods Different concentrations of wasp venom were tested for their antimicrobial effect against two gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli), two gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus), and one yeast like fungi (Candida albicans). The antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the well diffusion method, where zones of inhibition were used as indicators of antimicrobial activity. Results and conclusion The venom exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. Gram-positive bacterial strains were found to be more sensitive than both gram-negative bacterial strains and fungal strain. The highest inhibition zones were determined to be 24.3±1.9, 29.3±1.5, 17.3±1.8, 14.0±1.7, and 15.7±1.5 mm for S. aureus, B. cereus, S. typhimurium, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively. The corresponding minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined to be 0.32, 0.16, 0.625, 1.25, and 0.625 mg/ml, respectively. These results offer insights into the antimicrobial potency of wasp venom and provide a basis for further pharmacological research.