Sales Side Research Articles

Case Study of Economic Growth with the Act of Monopoly on Food Control in the Field of Poultry Farming from Upstream to Downstream by PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Tbk

This study discusses economic growth, that economic growth does not only provide positive impacts but also negative impacts such as the existence of monopoly crimes that grow because unfair competition practices are based on tight business competition because they are required to increase profits as much as possible. The company PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Tbk (CPIN) is indicated to have committed a monopoly violation in controlling food in the poultry sector in its business activities. The purpose of this study is that the government is expected to be truly present in trying, and anticipating, and or overcoming crimes in the field of monopoly practices and unfair business competition. Namely in overcoming the practice of controlling products from upstream to downstream, the authority in this case is the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU). This research method uses Normative Juridical analysis using secondary data with primary materials in the form of laws and expert opinions. The results of this study are that Business actors must implement Law No. 5 of 1999 Regarding Their Business Activities, and also the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) must take a legal approach to PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia (CPIN). In this study it can be concluded that all independent farmers are in a very weak position. Because they do not have a bargaining position against suppliers who supply input components such as seeds, feed and medicine, and do not have bargaining power from the sales side, because the market is controlled by poultry integrators such as in this study PT. CPIN. So that monopoly practices occur in product control from upstream to downstream.

Can central banks be heard over the sound of gunfire?

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effectiveness of central bank communications during times of significant adverse shocks. Specifically, we examined how the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) regulated foreign exchange (FX) markets during the Russo‐Ukrainian War in 2022. Data collected from both the black and authorized FX markets suggested that the content of the NBU's announcements significantly impacted FX market agents. Announcements aimed at maintaining a fixed (floating) FX rate prompted an increase (decrease) in the black market premium in cash transactions. Moreover, the NBU's announcements influenced the sale side of foreign currency more than any other aspect, an area where the black market FX traders held near monopolistic power.

PELATIHAN COPYWRITING DAN DIGITAL MARKETING PADA PELAKU UMKM SENTRA USAHA DI KELURAHAN BUAH BATU KOTA BANDUNG

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises or commonly called UMKM are business activities or businesses run by individuals, households or small business entities. Based on a Bank Indonesia survey, 87.5 percent of UMKM were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Of this amount, around 93.2 percent of them were negatively affected on the sales side. With this background, the team conducted copywriting training and training related to digital marketing at one of the UMKM Business Centers in Bojongsoang District, Buah Batu Village, Bandung City. This service is carried out to increase sales by utilizing digital platforms. The ability to write in the media market place is very important to create a brand awareness effect on potential consumers. The problem is that partners have not been able to create captions, taglines, descriptions for products that will be stored in the marketplace storefront. In addition, related to digital marketing planning, the service team brought students to provide material according to what was learned in lectures. This service activity uses a contextual approach method, namely providing theoretical material first and followed by guidance and assistance to partners in making copywriting and digital marketing planning techniques. Then proceed with the facilitation method in creating content that can be uploaded directly on the marketplace or on their social media

The impact of environmental corruption on green consumption: A quantitative analysis based on China's Judicial Document Network and Baidu Index

In developing countries, green consumption is still in its infancy, and the institutional environment is very important for it. In the implementation of environmental policies to stimulate green consumption, environmental corruption may affect production cost or residents' environmental responsibility. This paper aims to reveal the impact of environmental corruption on green consumption, quantify environmental corruption by collecting the cases of China's Judicial Document Network, and quantify green consumption by constructing an evaluation index system based on Baidu Index. First, baseline results show that environmental corruption is negatively correlated with green consumption. Second, impact path test is carried out from production side, sales side and consumption side. In the production side, environmental corruption inhibits green consumption by weakening green products quality and environmental investment. In the sales side, environmental corruption suppresses green consumption by weakening sales expenses and market share of green products. In the consumption side, environmental corruption inhibits green consumption by reducing government information disclosure and environmental responsibility. Third, threshold effect test is carried out from the perspective of economic basis and human capital basis. The impact of environmental corruption on green consumption is not significant as per capita GDP is lower than 9600 yuan. As the per capita GDP is higher than 13000 yuan, the inhibition of environmental corruption on green consumption is weakened. As the average education is more than 8.14 years, the inhibition effect is significantly weakened. Fourth, this paper compares the spatial impact of different types of environmental corruption on surrounding green consumption by building a spatial Durbin model. Environmental bribery has a higher inhibition on local green consumption, and environmental malfeasance has a higher negative impact on surrounding green consumption.

Economic Dispatch of Power Retailers: A Bi-Level Programming Approach via Market Clearing Price

For power retailers in a smart grid, it is necessary to design an economic dispatch method to maintain a balance between power supply and demand on the sale side as well as obtain better economic benefits. This study concentrates on the economic dispatch of the dominant retailer in a regional market. The dominant retailer is considered to be equipped with generator resources such as distributed photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT), and microturbines (MT). As one retailer cannot exactly predict the market conditions of other retailers, the retail market is considered to be modeled as a dichotomous-market model consisting of the dominant retailer market and the other retailers market. As a result, a bi-level optimal dispatch model is proposed for the dominant power retailer based on the dichotomous-market model. In the proposed model, the outer problem aims to minimize the costs of purchases under time-of-use (TOU) price given in the market clearing process, while the inner problem is formulated to simulate the process of market clearing. Furthermore, the bi-level model is converted to a single-level model via the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions and eventually solved by employing the YALMIP toolbox with Gurobi solver. Finally, a case study is conducted to validate the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed model, and the analysis of the variables is presented.

Game theory applications in the electricity market and renewable energy trading: A critical survey

With the acceleration of China’s electricity market construction, it is urgent to establish a unified electricity transaction mechanism to balance the interests of all parties and build a competitive electricity market. Game theory has significant advantages in the study of decision optimization among multiple decision-making bodies that interact and compete with each other. Therefore, the application of game theory in the electricity system has attracted the attention and research of a large number of scholars, among which the research on the electricity market accounts for the highest proportion. In this study, the concept and evolution of cooperative game theory, non-cooperative game theory, and evolutionary game theory in game theory are described in detail. Second, the status quo and scale of the domestic and foreign electricity market are sorted out and summarized. Finally, according to the research results of the application of three kinds of game theory in the electricity market in recent years, this study evaluates and analyzes the three typical aspects of the power generation side, the power sale side, and the power consumption side, and puts forward the prospect of the application of game theory in the electricity market in the future.

Research on Order Allocation Scheme Based on Multi-Objective Planning Model and Comprehensive Evaluation Method

In order to determine whether the production side can meet the demand of the sales side, a multi-objective planning model is developed to compare the usage time of each type of equipment with the production time, and to obtain the production order allocation scheme that meets the minimum overall cost. When the demand exceeds the total capacity, three demand reduction scenarios are developed, and the minimum overall cost is calculated for each scenario. Finally, our recommendations are given for the supply chain company.

COVID-19 pandemic and capital markets: the role of government responses

This paper analyzes the moderation effect of government responses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, proxied by the daily growth in COVID-19 cases and deaths, on the capital market, i.e., the S&P 500 firm’s daily returns. Using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, we monitor 16 daily indicators for government actions across the fields of containment and closure, economic support, and health for 180 countries in the period from January 1, 2020 to March 15, 2021. We find that government responses mitigate the negative stock market impact and that investors’ sentiment is sensitive to a firm’s country-specific revenue exposure to COVID-19. Our findings indicate that the mitigation effect is stronger for firms that are highly exposed to COVID-19 on the sales side. In more detail, containment and closure policies and economic support mitigate negative stock market impacts, while health system policies support further declines. For firms with high revenue exposure to COVID-19, the mitigation effect is stronger for government economic support and health system initiatives. Containment and closure policies do not mitigate stock price declines due to growing COVID-19 case numbers. Our results hold even after estimating the spread of the pandemic with an epidemiological standard model, namely, the susceptible-infectious-recovered model.

Can the renewable power consumption guarantee mechanism help activate China's power trading market?

The renewable power consumption guarantee mechanism aims to promote local consumption of renewable power through power trading in the inter-provincial market and provincial market. This study aims to investigate whether the renewable power consumption guarantee mechanism can actively affect the power trading market. The difference-in-difference method is proposed to evaluate the impact of by selecting the pilot provinces in power spot trading as the treatment group and the rest provinces as the control group. The empirical results show that the renewable power consumption guarantee mechanism has a positive net effect on the power trading market. Several important factors, such as the power demand response of industrial users and the participation of power sales companies, influence power trading activities. We discuss the possible reasons from the perspective of power generation side, power sale side and power user side. To promote the development of power market, the inter-regional trading mechanism of renewable power need to be improved. When the power market is gradually fully competitive, the establishment of a national unified green power trading market should be considered. Meanwhile, policy incentives should further encourage power sales companies to play a significant role in promoting development of power trading market and renewable energy.

Optimization of “Internet +” Agricultural Product Industry Chain Based on Partial Differential Equation Inversion Layer by Layer

With the popularization and maturity of Internet technology, it has become an inevitable trend of agricultural development to transform the way of agricultural development and connect the Internet with agricultural products. The development of “Internet + agriculture” is rearranging the entire agricultural product industry chain and it also affects the direction of agricultural development. In this article, we make full use of Internet technology, aiming at the development status of the agricultural product industry chain, and design a layer-by-layer inversion model based on partial differential equations to construct an “Internet +” agricultural product industry chain optimization system. This research strives to achieve the coupling of hardware infrastructure and software service systems. A system platform consisting of one platform, two modules, five services, and twelve functional submodules is designed, and a layer-by-layer inversion method of partial differential equations is introduced. The optimization of the agricultural product industry chain from the control of the production side and the sales side is realized. On this basis, further analysis of the accuracy of partial differential equations, system response time, greenhouse climate change control, agricultural product production capacity, and brand value are further analyzed. The following five conclusions are drawn: first, the response time of each interface is 1 to 2 seconds and in the interval of 500 milliseconds, the intensive range is the densest, and the system performance is further improved. Second, for the three spatial fractional partial differential equations, the equations used in this system basically achieved the best accuracy results. Third, at 13: 00, the maximum temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is 6.3°C, which is the moment when the outdoor solar radiation is strongest. The average temperature in the greenhouse is higher than that outdoors, and the trend of the two changes is the same. Fourth, after the optimization of the industrial chain, the highest utilization rate of agricultural product production capacity is 97% and the net profit can reach 150%. Fifth, the brand value of agricultural products has increased from 560 million Yuan in 2010 to 3.153 billion Yuan in 2020, and the quality value has achieved rapid growth. The results show that the “Internet +” agricultural product industry chain optimization system in this article has a reasonable structure, stable operation, easy expansion, and strong applicability and further accelerates the process of modern agriculture.

The Significance of the Hungarian Wheat Production in Relation to the Common Agricultural Policy

Maize is one of the major crops of Hungary. This can be used in various ways, most notably for human consumption, feeding purpose, and ethanol production that is used as a fuel additive. The major indicator of its market competitiveness is the maize yield which varied over the years. This was mostly caused by the weather conditions. The use of more resistant maize varieties, as well as the proper amount of fertilizer (especially nitrogen and potassium as active ingredients), would help to stabilize yields. On the sales side, the price determines the efficiency of production. The Common Agricultural Policy plays a key role in this regard as direct payments contributed to the gross revenue of the crop producers by 57.2% on average in Hungary. The article aims to provide a detailed overview of these issues from 2010 to 2020. Based on our results, we formulated policy recommendations. Regarding maize trade, processing and, therefore, a higher share of value-added products would be essential (canned products, gluten, corn germ oil, gluten) on the export side. This would further increase Hungary’s agri-food trade surplus as well as create new jobs in this sector. However, the exceptional (roughly 47%) price increase in 2021 may not be motivating enough for the different market players in the supply chain.

The Significance of the Hungarian Wheat Production in Relation to the Common Agricultural Policy

Wheat is one of the most important domestic crops, as well as one of the most important cereals. It has a wide range of use, not only for making basic foods but it is also widely used for animal feeding. The market competitiveness of the production can be measured in different ways. The average yield is one of them, which fluctuates strongly from year to year, mostly driven by weather conditions. Besides, the use of proper seeds and fertilizer, especially nitrogen and potassium, is essential. On the sales side, the price determines the effectiveness of production. Of course, the impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy should not be ignored as direct payments contributed to the gross revenue of crop producers by 57.2% on average. The aim of the article is to present these elements between 2010 and 2020 and to formulate agricultural policy recommendations based on the results obtained. The production and export of higher value-added products, such as various durable foods, but at least seed or durum variety, should be a priority of the Hungarian agricultural policy. This could also stimulate the manufacturing industry, which would have a positive employment effect in addition to an even larger trade surplus. However, the tremendous, 30% price increase in 2021 may not encourage the different stakeholders of the supply chain for any changes.

Diagnosis of competencies in the meetings industry in Poland, Hungary and Ireland in post-COVID-19 period

The freezing of economies due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused damage not only on the sales side but also on the labor market due to the outflow of staff from companies specializing in the organization of meetings. The return of the meetings industry sector to the development path will involve skillful change management, including in the area of competencies and skills. To inventory and assess the competencies of employees in the meetings industry, this study was carried out among specialized enterprises in the meetings industry in Poland, Hungary, and Ireland, on samples of two research groups, i.e. the Director General (CEO) and operational employees based on questionnaires and individual in-depth interviews (IDI). The obtained results allowed to establish the hierarchy of self-assessment of own managerial competencies, assessment of the competencies of the CEO by the employees, areas of increasing team competencies, and areas of staff development in the sector shortly, contributing to the recovery from the pandemic crisis. Raising the competencies and qualifications of employees is perceived as one of the most powerful tools for overcoming the pandemic crisis, obtaining 68% positive indications among CEOs in Poland, 77% indications in Hungary, and 84% in Ireland. In all analyzed countries, the meetings industry is indicated as a strategic product of the tourist market. Among the planned long-term actions aimed at overcoming the pandemic crisis, increasing employee competencies is perceived as an opportunity for the companies operating the meetings industry sector (90% in Poland, and 80% in Hungary and Ireland). AcknowledgmentThis study was done in frames of the project “Vocational competences in MICE sector” co-financed in frames of European Union program Erasmus + as part of the program The Dialog for Transformation, Erasmus+, 2020–2021.

INTERPRETASI MEDIA LUAR RUANG IKLAN ROKOK DAN POLA HIDUP SEHAT MASYARAKAT DESA SALUASSING

This study aims to determine the public's interpretation of the outdoor media for cigarette advertising and the healthy lifestyle of the people of Sawidesing Village. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data were obtained through interviews, surveys, and documentation. The results showed that the outdoor media for cigarette advertising is a very helpful message in bridging the understanding of the existence of a cigarette product, especially useful on the sales side. Meanwhile, regarding cigarettes and their healthy lifestyle, smoking is a part of life that really helps all their daily activities. Cigarettes actually become an element that makes citizens always healthy in their activities from young to old.

Increasing Sales Through The Marketplace For Smes Affected By The Covid-19 Pandemic

Indonesia as one of the countries affected by the Covis 19 pandemic has suffered many losses. One of them is the impact on the people's economy. Where many SMEs have closed, it is due to social distancing, which requires markets / malls and offices to close. Economist of the Institute for Development of Economic and Finance (INDEF) Aviliani revealed that MSMEs were the first sector to be affected by the corona pandemic. The reason is, the activity restrictions during the PSBB or PPKM made sales plummet. Bank Indonesia said as many as 87.5 percent of MSMEs were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Of this number, around 93.2 percent of them have a negative impact on the sales side. Based on the situation analysis and the results of previous interviews with partners, the problems faced by partners today are as follows: Lack of competitiveness in marketing products due to conventional sales, resulting in a decline in sales at the reseller level. Lack of mastery of science and technology, especially information and communication technology (ICT), especially the use of marketplaces to support digital product marketing. This community service program has been carried out well and smoothly online via zoom. The survey results indicated that this training was very useful and easy to implement.

Российские экспортеры в условиях экономического кризиса, вызванного пандемией

We report results of the analysis of the survey data collected from Russian non-raw material exporters in 2020. Survey data allows defining the main channels through which pandemic crisis affected firms’ performance and identifying measures the firms applied to adjust to the new shocks. About three quarters of the surveyed exporters reported negative effects of the crisis on their operations. At the same time, firms’ international exposure on input side did not increase the degree of companies’ vulnerability to the crisis: supply delays were equally likely to occur on the part of domestic and foreign partners. However, there was a statistically significant difference on output side: exporting companies faced growth opportunities in domestic market more often than in foreign destinations, while significant losses happened more often in the foreign markets. These results allow us to conclude that the international exposure of exporting companies in special circumstances of economic crisis, caused by COVID-19 pandemic, created additional risks on the sales side, but not on the input side. This is consistent with the increase in foreign market access costs due to the ban on international travels.

Research on Diagnosis and Evaluation of Physical Assets of Power Grid Enterprises Based on Combined Weight TOPSIS Theory

Under the new reform requirements, the transmission and distribution price pricing model changes, the sales side is liberalized and competition is introduced, the incremental power distribution business investment is liberalized, and the company’s permitted income is approved on the basis of effective assets. In this paper, the combination weight TOPSIS theory is used to diagnose and evaluate the physical assets of power grid companies, and the accuracy of the model is verified through analysis, and the system’s asset status diagnostic analysis and evaluation research is carried out, and the optimization strategy and evaluation calculation are scientifically proposed to provide a research and analysis basis.

Operation Mechanism and Strategies for Transactive Electricity Market With Multi-Microgrid in Grid-Connected Mode

Under the policy support of electricity market reform and the promotion of microgrids in grid-connected operation mode construction in China, the sales side of electricity market is gradually liberalized. Microgrids are developing rapidly through participating in the electricity market competition. In order to find the multi-player game relationship of real-time electricity market with multi-microgrid in grid-connected operation mode and provide an incentive for electricity trading among microgrids, we propose a transactive real-time market trading mechanism based on the principle of proportional distribution. Through the analysis of multi-player game in real-time market, we build cost-benefit models of microgrids with power surplus and those with power shortage. Based on the game theory, non-cooperative game models with multi-buyer and multi-seller of microgrids with power surplus and those with power shortage are established. The existence of Nash equilibrium for the game models of microgrids with power surplus and those with power shortage has been proved and the Nash equilibrium is solved to obtain their optimal bid and selling strategies. The feasibility and validity of the proposed mechanism and models are proved through case study. The result demonstrates that all microgrids can obtain the best profits with their optimal strategies.

Why prospects go into the ‘black hole’ and what to do about it

Many organisations are investing heavily in marketing without seeing the results on the sales side. When prospects go into the ‘black hole’ the negative impact is exponential. There is a loss of not only sales revenue, but also time and money spent through the marketing effort. This paper addresses three critical components to engaging qualified leads: building more meaningful connections, shortening the sales cycle and closing a higher percentage of the time. The foundation is an understanding of mindset, both of buyer and of seller. There is ample evidence that people buy on the basis of emotion, then justify their decisions with facts and logic. The core beliefs of the seller also play an integral role in the process. Mindset drives the message that ideally builds a meaningful connection that gets stronger through the sales cycle. On the other hand, communication can be wildly ineffective when the seller has unaddressed blockers and/or does not fully connect to the buyer psychographic. From mindset and message, the final component addressed here is method. As the final piece of the sales success puzzle, ‘method’ includes the flow of the sales process, as well as the types, timing and cadence of communications.

PV value-added service pricing model of stand-alone Stackelberg game

With the development of new energy technology, the new-type energy still occupy increasingly larger proportion of the future energy structure, and the development prospect is bright. Under the policy background of further opening the sales side, the concept of PV value-added service is proposed to enhance customer stickiness and gain potential customer of power grid enterprises. In this paper, the pricing model of double photovoltaic value-added service system including three main game participants about the photovoltaic seller, grid company and photovoltaic value-added service consumers as the research subjects, Stackelberg game method is established, put forward the best benefits the pricing method of photovoltaic value-added services. At the same time, the actual situation of the Henan photovoltaic park is studied and analyzed. This paper establishes the Stackelberg double-deck game pricing model of ‘spontaneous self-use and residual electricity network’ in the region, and determines the optimal pricing in this mode. Finally, two economic evaluation indexes are used to evaluate and summarize the economic benefits of ‘spontaneous self-use and residual electricity network’ service mode.