Sales Side Research Articles

Investigation of farmers’ markets from the sales side

Farmers’ market may solve many problems concerning long-distance transport. In this sales form, physical distance is reduced between the producer and the consumer, furthermore personal relationships and trust can be also established between these two actors. In addition, it provides small producers with the opportunity for producing and selling local, high-quality foods, and consumers are able to enjoy delicious, mostly local organic food products. Farmers’ market is an increasingly popular sales channel in Hungary. While in 2010 there were 100, in 2014 there were around 200 farmers’ markets, in 2017 their number increased to more than 250. The National Rural Development Program also encourages the sale of local products in this form. In this paper, a questionnaire survey was conducted with producers in the largest farmers' markets of the Transdanubian Region in Hungary, which was used to analyse the farmers’ market features of the region.

EVALUASI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN BERBASIS ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN: SEBUAH STUDI KASUS

This study aims to analyze trends in financial performance of a food company and test the validity of financial ratio instruments that have been used by financial practitioners and academics. For this reason, we designed an exploratory study through a single case study at a food company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). We analyze the company's financial data using a variety of ratio analysis commonly used in financial disciplines, such as operational ratios, financial ratios, and stock performance. The analysis was deepened by describing the results of factor analysis to test the validity of financial ratio instruments. We find that the company's financial performance tends to fluctuate over time. When viewed from the sales side, the company's performance showed an increase since 2010. If we observe the profit margin, the company's financial performance tends to decrease. Operational ratio trends also show a decline from 2013 to 2015. Furthermore, the results of factor analysis indicate that the ratio of net income to overall assets is the strongest indicator to measure the company's financial ratios. In contrast to previous studies, this study found that the ratio of operating income to equity was not proven valid as a measure of financial ratios. In summary, this study succeeded in providing significant contributions and novelty for practical and theoretical interests through the validation of financial ratios that are widely used so far.

Evaluation of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Effects for Electricity Retailers in China Based on Fuzzy Combination Weighting Method

China’s electricity market is in the environment for a round of new electric power reform, energy planning and transformation and the carbon market construction. The current market players are in urgent need of implementing their own energy saving and emission reduction actions. Relatively extensive and systematic researches on the assessment of the energy saving and emission reduction effects for the power plants, power grid companies, and technical equipment have been carried out at home and abroad. However, there are still vacancies in the researches on those for electricity retailers emerged on the sales side. Based on the carding and analysis of related policies and guidance, in this paper, relevant indicators are considered to build the evaluation indicator system of the energy saving and emission reduction effects for electricity retailers. The combination weights are gained by means of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. Then, after the combined empowerment of indicators, the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of energy saving and emission reduction effects for electricity retailers is conducted. Finally, choosing 10 electricity retailers (numbered from A to J) as evaluation objects, this model is used for obtaining the evaluation results and ranking of energy saving and emission reduction effects of electricity retailers, which provides reasonable ideas for the construction of evaluation indicator system and effective comprehensive evaluation methods of energy saving and emission reduction effects for market players in the electricity sales side. The results of example analysis show that, from a single dimension, the best electricity retailers in market transactions, technical means, integrated energy services, management system, and social responsibilities are followed by B, J, D, G, C, or I. However, from a global perspective, the sorted evaluation results are D, J, I, A, H, G, E, B, F, and C, which reflects the overall energy saving and emission reduction effects of electricity retailers through the two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

Competitive Ability Evaluation Model of Investment Entities in Incremental Distribution Projects under the Background of Power Sales Side Market Liberalization in China

It is significant to research investment entities' competitiveness evaluation model for incremental distribution projects to ensure the efficient investment construction and safe and stable operation of the incremental distribution projects. This paper puts forward the evaluation index system of the competitiveness of investment entities of incremental distribution project, which covers the scale and performance, customer and service, brand and image, strategy and culture, operation and management, innovation and growth, and determines the weight of the index through the key success factor analysis method. Through the empirical study found that traditional power grid enterprise and state-owned enterprises belonged to local governments have the strongest competitiveness.

Electricity market liberalization under the power of customer value evaluation and service model

After the power reform No. 9 was released in March 2015, the state officially released the Opinions on the Implementation of the Reform on the Power Sales Side. From this document, we can see that the openness of sales of social capital to the electricity business, the sales side of the market competition through multiple ways to train the main competitors, the result is more users have the right to choose, sales service quality and user energy levels will significantly improve. With the gradual promotion of the electricity sales market, the national electricity sales companies have been established one after another. In addition to power grid outside the power generation companies, energy-saving service companies and distributed power companies may become the main selling power, while industrial parks, commercial complex, large residential area, industrial and commercial users, large industrial users in the new electricity demand appearing The new changes, some power customers have also self-built distributed power supply, installation of energy storage devices or equipment to participate in the transformation of the electricity market. The main body of the electricity sales market has gradually evolved from the traditional electricity generation main body to the multi-unit main body and emerged new value points. Therefore, the electricity sales companies need to establish a power customer value evaluation method and service mode to adapt to the new electricity reform, Provide supportive decision support.

Research on Simulation Requirements and Business Architecture of Automated Demand Response in Power Sales Side Market Liberalization

With the gradual reform of the electricity market, the power sale side liberalization has become the focus of attention as the key task of reform. The open power market provides a good environment for DR (Demand Response). It is of great significance to research the simulation requirements and business architecture of ADR (Automatic Demand Response) in power sale side market liberalization. Firstly, this paper analyzes the simulation requirements of ADR. Secondly, it analyzes the influence factors that the business development of ADR from five aspects after power sale side market liberalization. Finally, Based on ADR technology support system, the business architecture of ADR after power sale side market liberalization is constructed.

The Large Customers' Direct Electricity Purchase Sequence Evaluation Model from Multiple Types of Generators

Large customers direct electricity purchase mode is a new electricity purchase mode introduced in the electricity market reform. It can not only further explore the potential of electricity market, but also introduce the competition mechanism on the electricity sale side, perfect the price system to rationally allocate resources according to the price signal. Combined with chinas electricity market-oriented reforming direction, this paper learns from the abroad electricity direct purchase experience, relates the important and difficult issues in large customers direct electricity purchase and finally figure out the sequence of large users direct electricity purchase. Structurally,based on the analysis of the basic theory, it builds an evaluation indicator system of large customers direct electricity purchase from multiple types of power suppliers and further use entropy method to process consistently and dimensionless. Finally combines gray correlation degree with ideal point method to evaluate the sequence of direct electricity purchase.

A multiple-vendor single-buyer integrated inventory model with a variable number of vendors

Supply chain management is concerned with the coordination of material and information flows in multi-stage production systems. A closer look at the literature reveals that previous research on the coordination of multi-stage production systems has predominantly focused on the sales side of the supply chain, whereas problems that arise on the supply side have often been neglected. This article closes this gap by studying the coordination of a supplier network in an integrated inventory model. Specifically, we consider a buyer sourcing a product from heterogeneous suppliers and tackle both the supplier selection and lot size decision with the objective to minimise total system costs. First, we provide mathematical formulations for the problem under study, and then suggest a two-stage solution procedure to derive a solution. Numerical studies indicate that our solution procedure reduces the total number of supplier combinations that have to be tested for optimality, and that it may support initiatives which aim on increasing the efficiency of the supply chain as a heuristic planning tool.

The informativeness and ability of independent multi-firm directors

Motivated by SEC regulations requiring a majority of independent directors on corporate boards, we examine director informativeness and ability by observing the trading performance of independent directors who serve on multiple boards. As a proxy for informativeness, we find positive trading performance relative to purchases and sales. More impressive, these performance opportunities appear to be available to market participants who observe directors' Form 4 trades. We do not find evidence that diversification motives or busyness affects director trading performance. On the other hand, we do find that audit and compensation committee memberships enhance director trading performance on the sales side but that committee membership does not affect the profitability of director purchases. In comparison, multi-firm directors out-perform single-firm directors and this performance differential seems to be more attributable to superior ability than to better information.

Avoiding ageism at Coca‐Cola

PurposeThis article describes how Coca‐Cola Enterprises has established forward‐thinking, diverse anti‐ageism policies in order to comply with new UK legislation and achieve age positive “employer champion” status.Design/methodology/approachOutlines the steps the company followed in order to combat ageism in all its forms.FindingsReveals that, over the last six months, 12 percent of the people the company has recruited – mostly on the sales side of the business – are over the age of 40. Not only is the business hiring more people across the age spectrum, but also potential candidates view Coca‐Cola Enterprises as an employer focused on skills, not age.Practical implicationsDeals with a topic that will become increasingly important in countries where the average age of the workforce is increasing.Originality/valueHighlights the fact that age diversity is not something that can be introduced to a company overnight. It involves a complete change in culture, with a real understanding from across the organization that it is an individual's skills and abilities that count, not his or her age.

Current Status and Future Directions for Research on Direct Selling Channels

Direct selling is not a new method of distribution. It has a rich history. But, until the late 1980s there was a paucity of published empirical research on direct selling. This paper reviews, in a descriptive way, the research that has been done since the mid-1980s on both the sales side and consumer side of this method of distribution. In addition, a survey of executives of direct selling companies was conducted to assess whether researchers have been studying the major problems faced by direct sellers. It appears that there is a poor match between those problems perceived as most important by practitioners and the problems studied by academicians.

Market Structure, Marketing Method, and Price Instability

Data for metals sold on commodity exchanges and at prices set by producers are used to test the relationship between the organization of markets and the behavior of prices. On the production side the question is whether prices are more stable in concentrated industries. And on the sales side the question is whether markets where buyers are consumers have more stable prices than those with consumers and speculators. The recent increase in metal-price instability is explained by changes in the market-structure and organization variables. Foremost is increased reliance on commodity exchanges. Declines in concentration are of less importance.

Applying Value Engineering to Rooms Management

Achieving a balance between occupancy and average room rate is now well recognised as a prime determinant of good rooms department performance. Yield management techniques are increasingly used to help maximise rooms department sales revenue. However, it can be argued that the complexity of making available different product offerings to different market segments requires not only consideration of the sales side of the profit equation but of the cost side as well. The nature of the variable costs of accommodation operations is examined and a case study approach is used to describe the contribution derived from different room types. These data are then used to construct a value engineering matrix which can identify successful and not so successful areas of operation and suggest ways of improving overall profit performance.

OA Effects in the Sales Side

OA Effects in the Sales Side

Qualifications and Training of Personnel

THE vitality of a manufacturing company depends in large measure upon its success in offering new and improved products to its customers. The concerns in the chemical industry are thoroughly committeed to this doctrine. They have translated theory to practice by investing heavily in research and development programs. Experience has proved to the industry the need for special handling of the problems involved in commercializing new products. On the production side, engineering development or pilot plant work has become generally recognized as the most effective way of bridging the gap between laboratory and industrial scale operation. On the sales side, commercial development is becoming widely established as a parallel function. The group responsible for promoting new products or new uses is given a variety of names and is variously located in the organization charts of different companies. Its activities may include wider responsibilities, such as the direction of sales service or application ...