Sales Mode Research Articles

Research Status and Development of Clothing Mass Customization

With the advent of the era of big data, the production and design process of clothing is becoming more and more intelligent. This paper systematically introduces the development and evolution process of clothing customization according to the time clue. The research and application status of the key technologies in the process of clothing customization are described, including the intelligent generation technology of anthropometric clothing pattern and the virtual display technology of clothing. In addition, this paper also analyses two relatively advanced operation modes of mass customization of clothing and summarizes their advantages compared with the traditional sales mode. Finally, it summarizes the development trend of key technologies and operation modes of clothing customization.

Strategies for building a complete and efficient online shopping supply chain system

In the electricity business enterprise different sales model, the different consumer online shopping behavior will result in different market demand, the different market demand for the influence of e-commerce supply chain system is different also, therefore, it is necessary for e-commerce enterprises to determine the network equilibrium conditions of the whole e-commerce supply chain according to the online shopping behaviors of consumers in different market demands under different sales modes, so as to improve the operational efficiency of e-commerce supply chain. Through the analysis of supply chain network, online shopping, consumer behavior and its influencing factors in four levels of supplier, e-retail, express business and market demand, this paper reviews and summarizes the supply chain network equilibrium model and its application research status, and analyzes the equilibrium problem of online supply chain system under different conditions from the perspective of consumer online shopping behavior research. Relevant strategies are proposed.

A report on people's perception of emerging consumer goods trends

With the improvement of people's living standards, people's standards for purchasing consumer goods have also been improved. The producers and sellers have upgraded the quality of crayfish and made new attempts and explorations in marketing methods. Crayfish, which used to have a single sales mode, limited channels and poor sales performance, has become a national popular snack with the help of take out platform, and even sold overseas. In the fast pace of modern times, Eslite, which supplies cultural consumer goods, makes people find the best solution to balance their body and mind, and finds a unique marketing mode, which makes reading a fashionable consumption trend. Behind these trends is the new consumption trend of today's people.

Application of Big Data in the Promotion of Fast Selling Products

In the traditional marketing mode of fast-selling products, the sales mode of physical stores is adopted. However, in the background of the current big data era, it is a trend to optimize the promotion form by applying big data technology. Therefore, this paper puts forward the application research of big data in the promotion of fast-selling products. This paper makes an indepth study on big data technology and commodity marketing. It is believed that there is a lot of information hidden behind the information data, and the application of big data technology pays more attention to consumer behavior than before. In this paper, according to the characteristics of fast-selling products promotion activities, combined with big data technology, the effect evaluation model are established, which can better solve the shortcomings of traditional promotion activities which are difficult to evaluate. And according to the actual needs of the promotion of fast-selling products, targeted optimization is carried out. In order to further verify the data analysis ability of big data technology in the promotion of fast selling products, this paper establishes the corresponding investigation experiment. The experimental data show that big data technology can better analyze the actual effect of various promotion tools and promotion strategies, provide technical support for enterprises before and after the promotion of fast-selling products, and facilitate enterprises to adjust strategies and summarize experience. The analysis shows that big data technology has brought a variety of convenience to the promotion activities, which not only broadens the sales channels, but also provides a new basis for the decision-making of enterprises.

Optimized Combination of e-commerce Platform Sales Model and Blockchain Anti-Counterfeit Traceability Service Strategy

In the e-commerce market, many e-commerce platforms act as resellers when selling products, and act as agents when selling other products. In the sales process, e-commerce platforms can either build their own blockchain anti-counterfeit traceability platforms or cooperate with third-party blockchain anti-counterfeit traceability platforms. This will generate four scenarios: 1) reseller, building its own platform (RE); 2) reseller, cooperating with a third-party platform (RO); 3) agent, building its own platform (ME); 4) agent, cooperating with a third-party platform (MO). Therefore, this paper constructs a differential game model under four modes to explore the interaction between the choice of sales mode and the choice of anti-counterfeit traceability service strategy. The results show that suppliers’ profits are influenced by various aspects. On the one hand, in small-scale markets, the situation in which suppliers can realize higher profits evolves from ME to RO as the wholesale price increases, and in large-scale markets, suppliers are more profitable in the ME mode. On the other hand, with the increase of market scale and the decrease of unit price of anti-counterfeit traceability service of third-party platform, the situation that suppliers can achieve higher profit evolves from RE to RO and then to RE. For e-commerce platform, self-built platform is a better choice. In the small-scale market, as the market size increases, the cost performance of anti-counterfeit traceability service decreases, and the best choice for e-commerce platform evolves from resale to agency sales, and in the large-scale market, the best choice for e-commerce platform is resale.

Information-sharing strategy for online platform: the impact of suppliers’ price and advertising competition

PurposeIn recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet and e-commerce, the online retail business has grown rapidly. E-commerce platforms can track different click data to understand consumer behavior and demand preferences, so as to make better demand forecasts, and strategically share this information with upstream suppliers. When the platform charges a certain fee for the shared data, the suppliers face the question of whether to purchase demand information. This article aims to analyze the influence of price competition and advertising competition on the suppliers' decisions to purchase information and the online platform for data pricing.Design/methodology/approachBy using static game with incomplete information, this paper explores information-sharing strategies of an online platform with two competitive brand suppliers. The authors use Nash game to analyze the suppliers' purchasing information decision and then obtain the optimal information price of the online platform with information-sharing contract.FindingsThis paper shows that demand information sharing benefits both the platform and the suppliers. Without information contracts, the online platform is willing to share demand information with at least one supplier. Especially, when the consumer's sensitivity to advertising is larger and the commission fee charged by the online platform is small, the online platforms will share information with only one supplier. Based on the game outcomes between the suppliers, two pricing strategies for information are proposed under which at least one supplier purchases information. If the consumers are less (more) sensitive to advertising competition, pricing strategy of the online platform induces both suppliers (only one supplier) to purchase information.Originality/valueAt present, most of the information-sharing articles are based on the traditional purchase and sale mode. Based on the background of e-commerce, this paper examines the online platform's information-sharing strategies, which has certain innovation. In addition, the results show that the information-sharing strategy of the online platform is affected by both the price and advertising competitiveness, which provides a new expansion and supplement for the information-sharing literature.

Numérique et inégalités territoriales de santé : la vente en ligne de médicaments, nouvel outil face à une pénurie éventuelle de pharmacies ?

Lorsqu’il s’agit de réfléchir aux liens que peuvent entretenir la question numérique, les inégalités territoriales et les droits des patients, une question s’impose assez naturellement au-delà de la seule télémédecine : la vente en ligne des médicaments et son impact sur une offre officinale éventuellement insuffisante. Cette contribution se propose d’étudier la réalité de cette corrélation supposée en faveur du droit d’accès aux soins. Il en ressort deux idées-clefs : non seulement, malgré les apparences, cette vente en ligne ne peut produire que peu d’effets pour compenser une défaillance de l’offre, mais, qui plus est, ce mode de vente provoque des conséquences indirectes tout à fait négatives pour les patients et la santé publique.

The impacts of market size and data-driven marketing on the sales mode selection in an Internet platform based supply chain

This study investigates a platform’s preferences between agency selling and reselling considering the impact of data-driven marketing (DDM). Four models are built: No-DDM+agency selling, No-DDM+reselling, DDM+agency selling, DDM+reselling. Sales volumes, profits and profit growth rates in different sales modes are compared. Results show that with an increase in DDM efficiency, the platform is more willing to adopt the reselling mode. In addition, without DDM, the sales mode with higher sales volume is not more profitable within a certain market size. DDM can help avoid this phenomenon to a certain extent.

Research on market trading mechanism of distributed photovoltaic and electric heating load

Based on the analysis of the electricity sale mode of distributed photovoltaic and the electricity consumption trading mode of electric heating load, a market-oriented trading mechanism model of distributed photovoltaic and electric heating load is proposed, which provides a theoretical basis for the online analysis and operation control of distribution network under the market-oriented trading.

Willingness to Pay for Status Signals in Online Luxury Markets

We study consumers’ valuation of status signals by estimating consumers’ willingness to pay for a luxury item with a quiet vs. a prominent logo. We collected data from two online markets on sales of two luxury handbags that differ only in the prominence of their logo. We use these data to estimate the premium in consumers’ willingness to pay for the handbag with the quiet logo, as well as to test hypotheses as to how the condition of the handbag and the sales mode affects that premium. We find consumers are willing to pay a sizeable premium of $151-$189, or 15-20% of the retail price, for the quiet handbags as compared to the loud handbags. This price premium decreases as a handbag’s condition worsens, but is larger for quiet handbags purchased at a fixed price rather than at auction. Our findings provide empirical support for research suggesting that an elite set of consumers, i.e., consumers with more social capital or social connectedness, are willing to pay a premium for quiet luxury goods.

Choices for competing service providers with heterogeneous customers: Traditional versus opaque sales modes

Competing service providers have been conducting opaque sales widely by cooperating with an intermediary, such as Priceline.com and Hotwire.com, to increase capacity flexibility, realise price discrimination and create a new channel for customers. Whether competing service providers should collaborate with an intermediary when facing heterogeneous customers and how a contract design can be made between service providers and the intermediary are two challenging research problems. Recent advances in opaque sales have focused on homogeneous customers, whereas the revenue sharing mechanism for heterogeneous customers has remained unexplored. This study considers two competing service providers that collaborate with an intermediary in a heterogeneous market with leisure and business customers. Styled models are built to capture the traditional and opaque sales modes. The contracting strategies are derived by comparing the profit of the two modes. Considering the simultaneous arrivals of two kinds of customers, we find that the decisions of service providers relate to two factors: the market structure and the revenue sharing mechanisms. In a high-pricing strategy market, service providers may collaborate with an intermediary. Conversely, in a low-pricing strategy market, service providers may not collaborate with an intermediary. In both situations, service providers should strive for a balance between the profit derived from the intermediary and the potential profit loss from opaque sales.

Comparisons of sales modes for a fresh product supply chain with freshness-keeping effort

This paper develops a supplier-retailer fresh product supply chain under three sales modes: retail mode, dual-channel mode, and O2O (Online-to-Offline) mode. For each mode, the optimal pricing and freshness-keeping decisions are investigated. It is shown that, in decentralized systems, the dual-channel mode could outperform the O2O mode for the supplier, while the retailer prefers O2O mode to retail mode and dual-channel mode. Under coordination, the O2O mode brings the highest supply chain profit; for consumer surplus, the dual-channel mode is not always better than the retail mode, but is always inferior to the O2O mode.

Determination of Transfer Capacity Region of Tie Lines in Electricity Markets: Theory and Analysis

In power industries, it is a common practice to use an equivalent model of the external power network in an optimization model of the internal power network in order to protect data privacy. However, existing equivalent models cannot accurately consider the operational constraints of an external power network. In this paper, a unified equivalent model is proposed to precisely capture the transfer capacity region of tie lines. The operational constraints of the external power network are preserved via multi-parametric programming. The operational costs of the external power network are formulated as an explicit function of power transmission on tie lines. This unified equivalent model can consider both AC and DC tie lines. The intuitive difference between the transfer capacity of AC and DC tie lines is revealed from a new perspective. On this basis, a market model for the internal power network with the equivalence of the operational constraints for the external power network is presented. Two typical trading modes are considered: the bulk sale mode and the direct power purchase mode. The exact convex relaxation formulation of the market model is derived under the direct power purchase mode.

Research on Retailer’s Dual Channel Multi-Product Bundle Sales Pricing

From the perspective of consumers, a monopolistic retailer is considered to sell two differentiated products in different sales modes: physical channel and online channel. In the case of separate sales, considering consumers’ channel and product preference, the same price of the same product is set in different channels to reduce channel conflicts caused by price differences among consumers. In the case of bundling, product bundling should be considered in network channels, and two products should be sold separately in physical channels. The analysis shows that the bundling strategy is better than the separate selling strategy. It can be seen from the numerical analysis that with the increase of the substitution degree of the bundled products, the demand and profit of the bundled sales strategy will gradually increase with the increase of the substitution degree. In addition, it is also found that the marginal cost of sales in the channel has a great impact on the two sales modes. Since the marginal cost of sales in the physical channel is greater than the marginal cost of sales in the network channel, it is only in the network channel that bundling is adopted, and the separate sales in the physical channel will enable the retailer to obtain more profits.

Appropriate timing for SMEs to introduce an Internet-based online channel under uncertain operating costs: a real options analysis

This study analyzes the strategic decisions of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to determine their optimal timing for introducing an Internet-based online channel when faced with uncertain operating costs. Introductory threshold, option value of waiting, and expected waiting time are derived by constructing value functions for SMEs who consider introducing an Internet-based online channel in addition to a traditional brick-and-mortar channel when faced with uncertain operating costs through traditional net present value method and real options approach. In order to facilitate the use of the proposed models in practice, we propose a parameter estimation method for the uncertain operating costs according to historical data of the actual operating costs, and explain the procedures involved in the whole process of how our models can be used in practical applications. Furthermore, we examine the effect of various parameters, such as awareness of consumer consumption on the Internet, irreversible sunk investment cost, cost efficiency coefficient, risk-free interest rate, mean drift rate and uncertainty rate of the uncertain operating costs, on the optimal timing for the introduction of an Internet-based online channel. In this study, the strategic decision-making of optimal timing for introducing an Internet-based online channel under uncertain operating costs is investigated from a new perspective by seeing the introduction of an Internet-based online channel under uncertain operating costs as a real option. This paper is part of a growing literature in the field of distribution channel management at the intersection of operations and finance. This study enriches the research stream of dual-channel sales mode and expands the scope of application of the real options approach. The models and findings presented in this study can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for SMEs to decide whether and when to introduce an Internet-based online channel when faced with uncertain operating costs in practice.

Analysis of Agricultural Products Logistics Mode in China in the E-commerce Environment

The development of agricultural products of e-commerce in china is slow, the sales mode is single, and the logistics is in poor circulation. It had an impact on the development of agricultural products of e-commerce development. In the e-commerce environment, how to make the agricultural products logistics mode better service for farmer is this paper study. This paper analyzes the existing problems of the current logistics mode of the agricultural products in the e-commerce environment. Through the investigation of some farmers and consumers, a model of the operation mode of the agricultural products in the e-commerce environment is put forward, which mainly solves the circulation way of the agricultural products and information. Then it puts forward several modes of agricultural product logistics in the e-commerce environment.

Survey of Probiotic Preparations and Labeling Practices in Indian Market

A cross-sectional survey was conducted across 320 chemists shop in Pune city for their availability and labeling practices. The questionnaire revealed the data about the most sold probiotic preparations, their mode of sale, and their available forms such as tablet, capsule, and sachet. Top ten probiotic preparations were evaluated for labeling practice as per the existing regulations of the Indian Council of Medical Research-Department of Biotechnology, Indian guidelines. Majority of probiotic preparations were listing the best before date, viability, probiotic organisms, net quantity, and batch number, but none of them mentioned the health claims.

Use-Based Pricing and Prepaid-Based Pricing for Service Products: Analysis of an Unlimited Prepaid Card

This paper analyses the optimal pricing strategies of two sales models for a service product: the use-based mode, in which a customer pays for each use, and the prepaid-based mode, in which a customer enjoys a service with a card that represents an up-front payment for a period of time. For the prepaid mode, we analyze a kind of unlimited card, such as a fitness card. With considerations of customers’ perceived value, transfer fees and the time-value of the funds, we establish generalized pricing models of a service product under these two sales modes in a monopoly, and discuss the pricing strategies between two companies using game theory in a duopoly. Research shows that in a monopoly, the optimal use-based price is identical whether the transfer fee exists or not, and the optimal prepaid-based price when the transfer fee exists is lower than when it does not exist. In a duopoly, according to game theory, we can derive two Nash equilibria from nine situations. Finally, through numerical examples, we verify the effectiveness of the pricing strategy and derive some managerial insights.

Location Decision‐Making of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprise under Dual‐Channel Purchase and Sale Mode

Based on the current status of the development of equipment manufacturing enterprises, the main influencing factors and main evaluation indicators of the equipment manufacturing enterprises in the context of dual‐channel marketing are analyzed and determined. According to the organizational layout and transaction form of equipment manufacturing enterprises, the problem of equipment manufacturing enterprise location decision‐making with online channel and offline channel trading mode is divided into two categories. One is the single‐plant location decision problem, and the other is the multiplant location decision problem. In the single‐plant location decision problem, we have established the conceptual model and mathematical model. Based on prospect theory, we use multicriteria decision‐making method to quantify and standardize the evaluation index and determine the reference value, and the priority of the scheme is determined according to the final comprehensive value. In the multiplant location decision problem, we have established the conceptual model and the logical model and established the mathematical model with the goal of minimizing the cost and time. Finally, an example is given to solve the location problem of single plant and multiple plants. The feasibility of the model is proved by the solution and verification.

Global systematic review of Indigenous community-led legal interventions to control alcohol

ObjectivesThe national and subnational governments of most developed nations have adopted cost-effective regulatory and legislative controls over alcohol supply and consumption with great success. However, there has been a lack...