Safe Energy Supply Research Articles

Promoting the Construction of Xiongan New Area Through Energy Revolution: General Idea and Implementation Route

Based on the strategic background, positioning, and objectives of the planning and construction of the Xiongan New Area, an analysis model framework is established for the requirements for energy revolution during the planning and construction of this area. We conclude that energy revolution can actively promote the construction of the Xiongan New Area. Specifically, energy technology revolution can aid the Xiongan New Area to become a global energy innovation center; the energy operation mode of this area can be reformed through energy system revolution; the planning and construction requirements of the Xiongan New Area can be satisfied through energy consumption revolution; and a safe and efficient energy supply system can be ensured through energy supply revolution. Furthermore, an urban energy supply system that is green, safe, efficient, smart-friendly, and future-leading can be created in the Xiongan New Area through the energy revolution, particularly through key projects regarding energy integrated operation systems, energy Internet, green and smart transportation systems, ultra-low-energy buildings, and energy saving and emission reduction.

A Novel Dual Correction Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm for The State of Charge Real-Time Estimation of Packing Lithium-Ion Batteries

This paper explores the state estimation method of lithium-ion battery pack through theoretical analysis and experimental research. Combining the advantages of the empirical models of various electrochemical models, a new type of composite electrochemistry-dual circuit polarization (E-DCP) model is proposed to better reflect the dynamic performance of the power lithium-ion battery under the conditions of meeting its safe and reliable energy supply requirements. Using the multi-innovation least squares (MILS) algorithm to identify the parameters in the E-DCP model online, so that it has the characteristics of high data utilization efficiency and high parameter identification accuracy. The battery charge and discharge efficiency function is introduced to dynamically modify the battery capacity, and the dynamic function is used to improve the Kalman gain in the extended Kalman filter (EKF), a new type of based on dynamic function improvement and combined with actual capacity correction (FC-DEKF) algorithm is applied to the estimation of battery pack operating characteristics, which solves the problem that the traditional EKF algorithm is difficult to estimate errors when the system input change rate is large. The experimental results of urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and complex charge-discharge cycle test show that the maximum error of terminal voltage does not exceed 0.04V, the accuracy is 99.05%, and the errors of MILS algorithm combined with FC-DEKF algorithm for SOC estimation are all within 1%. The proposed equivalent circuit modeling method and state estimation correction strategy provide a theoretical basis for the reliable application of high-power lithium-ion battery packs.

Biopolymer-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Critical Review

Continual escalation of our world population demands a vast and safe energy supply, the majority of which has been produced by fossil fuel sources. However, because of the huge energy demand, expon...

Optimal design of multi-energy complementary power generation system considering fossil energy scarcity coefficient under uncertainty

At present, most island energy supply is highly dependent on long-distance transportation of fossil energy, which give rise to high cost and risk of energy supply system. Therefore, establishment a multi-energy complementary power generation system (MECP) is an urgent need to realize a safe and efficient energy supply model in that region. In this study, a copula-based interval full-infinite programming (CIFP) method was developed for optimal design MECP. CIFP method not only can be used to represent a variety of uncertainties with interval values, functional intervals and probability distributions, but also can reflect the uncertainty between random variables with different probability distributions of unknown correlations. Then, based on CIFP method, a CIFP-MECP model formulated for optimal designing MECP in an island of South China Sea. In this model, considering eight fossil energy scarcity coefficients for nine constraint-violation levels. Results reveal that uncertainties existed in system components have significant effects on outputs of decision variables and system total cost, and variation of system cost reached [49.48%, 56.25%]. Results also disclose that the proportion of renewable energy generation increased gradually with the increase of fossil energy scarcity coefficient, and when Scarcity = 30, the proportion reached the maximum, accounting for [98.54%, 99.10%]. Through this study of island MECP, the use of renewable energy is increased and the proportion of fossil energy in energy structure is greatly reduced, so as to reduce the generation of pollutants and provide a feasible basis for the island to use clean energy. This study can help decision maker identify the dynamic characteristics of regional power generation system, determine the required decision-making schemes and analyze the effects of interactions among multiple uncertainties on system outputs.

Flexibility in the Energy Balancing Network of Photosynthesis Enables Safe Operation under Changing Environmental Conditions.

Given their ability to harness chemical energy from the sun and generate the organic compounds necessary for life, photosynthetic organisms have the unique capacity to act simultaneously as their own power and manufacturing plant. This dual capacity presents many unique challenges, chiefly that energy supply must be perfectly balanced with energy demand to prevent photodamage and allow for optimal growth. From this perspective, we discuss the energy balancing network using recent studies and a quantitative framework for calculating metabolic ATP and NAD(P)H demand using measured leaf gas exchange and assumptions of metabolic demand. We focus on exploring how the energy balancing network itself is structured to allow safe and flexible energy supply. We discuss when the energy balancing network appears to operate optimally and when it favors high capacity instead. We also present the hypothesis that the energy balancing network itself can adapt over longer time scales to a given metabolic demand and how metabolism itself may participate in this energy balancing.

Research on distributed photovoltaic power generation prediction based on grey model for energy Internet of city

Power load forecasting is one of the basic tasks of power system dispatching coordination and rational arrangement of energy production. Reasonable power load forecasting can ensure safe, continuous and stable energy supply, and provide reasonable guarantee for the safe and economic operation of power system. Based on Beijing’s new energy and renewable energy online monitoring system, this paper collects power generation data, environmental data and equipment working condition data, and uses gray model prediction method to predict the load of XXXXX photovoltaic power station, and obtain more accurate power load data, which is complex fluctuation. The photovoltaic power generation project provides the basis for post-generation planning.

A safe, reliable and regenerative electrical energy supply to power the future

Today, three phenomena are developing into critical global problems, requiring urgent attention from leaders all over the world. The first of these is the increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the escalated use of coal, resulting in the gradual increase of the Earth’s average temperature. The second is the continually diminishing fossil fuel resources, e.g. oil and natural gas, which are the primary sources of energy for vital services like transportation and domestic heating. The third is the unforeseen and rapid “world population boom” since the beginning of the 19th century after the invention of the steam engine by JamesWatt. The combination of these three factors signal imminent danger. With the increase of the world population, there is a subsequent rise in the usage of both electrical and non-electrical types of energy. At the same time, not only are the sources of these energy forms, i.e. the fossil fuels, depleting because they are non-renewable but their usage is also severely detrimental to the environment. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and switch to renewable or even nuclear resources as alternatives, in order to prevent an impending climate disaster. Hence, taking the aforementioned problems into account, a method is proposed in this paper to create a safe, reliable and regenerative electrical energy supply system using renewable wind and solar energy as well as hydrogen storages.

How development happens: Safe and sustainable energy, community development projects, and implementation challenges in Timor‐Leste

AbstractThis article describes how seed funding from one major Australian University, designed to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations among academics, led to the implementation of a safe and sustainable energy supply at a community development project in remote Timor‐Leste. This article reflects on the process, the results, and insights developed during the project primarily from the point of view of the academics. A participatory process of co‐design was virtually impossible to implement due to time and resource constraints that barely allowed genuine collaboration between academics. The consequent nurturing of a social relationship between partners across borders, which would have allowed a genuine process of co‐design, was therefore not possible. Misunderstandings around the local context, tensions in understandings of timelines, and competing priorities all provided additional barriers to timely implementation of the development project. The final conclusion is that even with the best of intentions, if resource constraints do not allow the time and space to develop collaborative social relations and prioritize “process over product,” then genuine partnerships and participatory development have little chance of flourishing.

Development of Honeycomb Methanation Catalyst and Its Application in Power to Gas Systems

Fluctuating energy sources require enhanced energy storage demand, in order to ensure safe energy supply. Power to gas offers a promising pathway for energy storage in existing natural gas infrastructure, if valid regulations are met. To improve interaction between energy supply and storage, a flexible power to gas process is necessary. An innovative multibed methanation concept, based on ceramic honeycomb catalysts combined with polyimide membrane gas upgrading, is presented in this study. Cordierite monoliths are coated with γ-Al2O3 and catalytically active nickel, and used in a two-stage methanation process at different operation conditions (p = 6–14 bar, GHSV = 3000–6000 h−1). To fulfill the requirements of the Austrian natural gas network, the product gas must achieve a CH4 content of ≥96 vol %. Hence, CH4 rich gas from methanation is fed to the subsequent gas upgrading unit, to separate remaining H2 and CO2. In the present study, two different membrane modules were investigated. The results of methanation and gas separation clearly indicate the high potential of the presented process. At preferred operation conditions, target concentration of 96 vol % CH4 can be achieved.

Overcurrent Protection Assessment with high PV Penetration in a Distribution Network

The utilization of DGs has revolutionized power utility and has recently promoted renewable energy technology with considerable positive impacts such as loss-reduction, reliability improvement of grids, economic benefits and ecological preservation progress. Solar energy, considered as one of the cleanest energy in the energy industry, is becoming an indispensable and strategic need in Power Supply. PV integration to grid brings new challenges, thus technical issues influencing the entire Network. To guarantee a stable and safe grid energy supply, some aspects have to be taken into consideration preventing partial or total unnecessary outage. This can be done only through the implementation of an efficient and effective control and protection mechanism as DGs are known to have impacts on distribution over current protection system. This paper investigated the potential protection issues associated to high PV penetration. The impact of different penetration level (20%, 40% and 60%) on two different network configurations (centralized and distributed) which have been modeled and analyzed using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The inverter controller response was assessed under grid faults integrating LVRT capabilities. The presence of PVs in the grid has led to identify nuisance tripping or false tripping in high penetration condition of Solar PV. Moreover, and most important presented in this research is the operational impacts study of PVs on the protection coordination which has been done for a satisfied backup and selectivity protection with a reliable and effective relay setting suggestion. Some measures have been recommended as well to mitigate the PV impacts with an acceptable penetration level.

Control system of safe energy supply of an object

Control system of safe energy supply of an object

日本はドイツから何を学べるか。 : ドイツ政府「安全なエネルギー供給のための倫理委員会」勧告を検討する

日本はドイツから何を学べるか。 : ドイツ政府「安全なエネルギー供給のための倫理委員会」勧告を検討する

Analysis of a Small Charging System for Wearable Devices Based on Magnetic Coupling Resonance

近几年，越来越多的可穿戴设备走进人们的生活。但对大多数可穿戴设备而言，电池续航时间短，充电困难已经成为用户普遍反映的问题，磁耦合谐振无线能量传输技术能够为可穿戴设备提供方便，安全的能量供应。由于可穿戴设备体积小，因此设计一种小尺寸的无线充电系统十分必要。本文通过对谐振线圈进行仿真分析，得到了影响线圈谐振频率的关键设计参数。在此基础上设计出了小小匹配的谐振系统和新型的大小匹配的谐振系统，并且系统中小谐振线圈的体积仅为0.675cm3，能够满足可穿戴设备的体积需求。对两谐振系统的传输效率进行实验分析，结果表明大小匹配的谐振系统具有更好的能量传输性能，在可穿戴设备领域具有良好的应用前景。 As more and more wearable devices come into people’s lives, the short duration of the battery and charging difficulties of wearable devices need more focus. Magnetic coupling resonance wireless energy transmission technology can provide convenient and safe energy supply for wearable devices. Wearable devices are small in size, and it is necessary to design a small size wireless charging system. In this paper, the relationship between coil parameters and resonant frequency are modeled by simulation, and the key parameters are obtained. On the basis of simulation, two systems are designed, one consists of two same small size coils, the other consists of a big size coil and a small size coil, and the volume of the small size coil is only 0.675cm3, it can meet the requirements of wearable devices. In addition, the transmission efficiency of the two systems is analyzed, and the results show that this new system has high transmission performance and a good application prospect in the field of wearable devices.

Spain and Coal, the Environment and eu Law

Mining of indigenous Spanish coal has been heavily subsidized ever since 1986, and recently, the European Commission authorized a further amount of State aid of 2.3 billion in order to facilitate the closure of uncompetitive coal mines in Spain by 2018. These subsidies are paid regardless of the facts that: the indigenous coal is of minor quality and not needed to ensure safe energy supply in Spain; the combustion of coal is causing excessive greenhouse gas emissions and most coal-fired Spanish power plants are widely exceeding regular eu emission limit values; considerable investments will have to be made, in order to eventually comply with the requirements of eu law. However, supposed that these investments are made, there is no reason for the plant owners to participate in a coal phase-out. The present article provides a detailed analysis of these critical aspects of Spanish and European coal policy.

Power-to-Syngas: An Enabling Technology for the Transition of the Energy System?

Power-to-X concepts promise a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions simultaneously guaranteeing a safe energy supply even at high share of renewable power generation, thus becoming a cornerstone of a sustainable energy system. Power-to-syngas, that is, the electrochemical conversion of steam and carbon dioxide with the use of renewably generated electricity to syngas for the production of synfuels and high-value chemicals, offers an efficient technology to couple different energy-intense sectors, such as "traffic and transportation" and "chemical industry". Syngas produced by co-electrolysis can thus be regarded as a key-enabling step for a transition of the energy system, which offers additionally features of CO2 -valorization and closed carbon cycles. Here, we discuss advantages and current limitations of low- and high-temperature co-electrolysis. Advances in both fundamental understanding of the basic reaction schemes and stable high-performance materials are essential to further promote co-electrolysis.

Wskaźniki zrównoważonego rozwoju energetyki

The aim of the paper is to present the concept of sustainable energy development and indicators for evaluating the development of the energy sector in social, economic, and ecological dimensions. An attempt is also made to evaluate the usefulness of the indicators for monitoring the development of sustainable energy in Poland. Sustainable energy development means a process of sustainable, safe and effective energy supply for sustainable development. The system that the IAEA proposes to develop relies on a set of monitoring indicators, and seems to be a useful model, although the EU-level Eurostat indicators do not provide sufficient information, particularly for the study and comparison of the social dimension. Monitoring of sustainable energy development should be very helpful in evaluating the implementation of the Strategy for Responsible Development. The set of indicators proposed in this strategy for assessing its progress is very one-sided and limited. The use of a set of indicators that comprehensively address the development of energy could contribute. The indicators used by Eurostat do not allow monitoring of the sustainable development of the energy sector but only its selected components. GUS (the Central Statistical Office in Poland) also does not prepare separate studies on the sustainable development of the national energy sector. For the assessment of sustainable energy development at national level and for international comparisons, indicators may, however, be supplemented on the basis of data from the existing studies

Reaction: Recycling and Generation IV Systems

Dame Sue Ion is chair of the UK Nuclear Innovation Research Advisory Board. She represents the UK on a number of international review and oversight committees for the nuclear sector, including the Euratom Science and Technology Committee, which she chairs. She is the only non-US member of the US Department of Energy's Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee, on which she has served since 2005.

Determination of the right wave by empirical statistics: The wave energy resource assessment and the investigation of existing marine and coastal potential compatibility

In competition with other resources, ocean waves provide abundant supply of clean, safe, and reliable energy, but this source needs to be made an economical source for natural energy harvest. For this purpose, a wave energy conversion device is developed through various mechanisms by using ocean fluctuations that affect the ecosystems. The study was developed for the user to reduce the need for profitability of competitive balance and to support decision-makers who govern the equations for identifying locations for wave energy conversion facilities. Our model of wave energy harvesting is based on the analysis of the wave energy facility to quantify the net present value (NPV) of capital investment and evaluation. The proposed model has a local, regional, and flexible framework that can be applied even to the global scale for the wave energy conversion projects. The proposed model can be applied to the ongoing marine spatial planning. Specifically, the applications and ecological characteristics with an existing data collected by laboratory experiments and filed investigations, and the work of the various studies of the quantitative analysis of the compatibility of the commercial fishery data analysis spatial overlap. According to the empirical statistics, we found that the waves of the ocean around the west of Taiwan Island, had a great potential for high harvest, and offshore wave energy gradually increased. However, it comes to have an area of high economic potential whilst taking advantage of wave energy equipment to support the acquisition of a number of different coastal energy, the cost of the landing point of the submarine cable. The NPV is maximized if the conflict of use agreement is in place in the existing sea area. It is possible to build a wave energy facility in order to minimize the maximum composite wave energy and other economic uses. The high possibility of building the facility benefits the goal of this research. By mapping the wave energy, the governing equations of the study can assist decision-makers to use NPV to explore an alternative location for wave energy conversion facilities in order to reap the maximum returns. It is expected that the high potential areas would not be exploited in the race of capturing the existing marine space.

Правовые проблемы обеспечения безопасной подачи энергии в многоквартирные дома

Правовые проблемы обеспечения безопасной подачи энергии в многоквартирные дома

Sustainable and safe energy supply with seawater uranium fueled HTGR and its economy

Sustainable and safe energy supply with High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) fueled by uranium from seawater have been investigated and discussed. From the view point of safety feature of self-regulation with thermal reactor of HTGR, the uranium resources should be inexhaustible. The seawater uranium is expected to be alternative resources to conventional resources because it exists so much in seawater as a solute. It is said that 4.5billion tons of uranium is dissolved in the seawater, which corresponds to a consumption of approximately 72 thousand years. Moreover, a thousand times of the amount of 4.5trillion tU of uranium, which corresponds to the consumption of 72million years, also is included in the rock on the surface of the sea floor, and that is also recoverable as seawater uranium because uranium in seawater is in an equilibrium state with that. In other words, the uranium from seawater is almost inexhaustible natural resource.However, the recovery cost with current technology is still expensive compared with that of conventional uranium. Then, we assessed the effect of increase in uranium purchase cost on the entire electricity generation cost. In this study, the economy of electricity generation of cost of a commercial HTGR was evaluated with conventional uranium and seawater uranium. Compared with ordinary LWR using conventional uranium, HTGR can generate electricity cheaply because of small volume of simple direct gas turbine system compared with water and steam systems of LWR, rationalization by modularizing, and high thermal efficiency, even if fueled by seawater uranium.It is concluded that the HTGR fueled by seawater uranium with the current technology enables the energy sustainability for approximately 72million years with superior inherent safety features and lower cost of 6.07cents/kWh (7.28yen/kWh) than the 7.34cents/kWh (8.80yen/kWh) cost of LWR using conventional uranium.