Abstract
Today, three phenomena are developing into critical global problems, requiring urgent attention from leaders all over the world. The first of these is the increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the escalated use of coal, resulting in the gradual increase of the Earth’s average temperature. The second is the continually diminishing fossil fuel resources, e.g. oil and natural gas, which are the primary sources of energy for vital services like transportation and domestic heating. The third is the unforeseen and rapid “world population boom” since the beginning of the 19th century after the invention of the steam engine by JamesWatt. The combination of these three factors signal imminent danger. With the increase of the world population, there is a subsequent rise in the usage of both electrical and non-electrical types of energy. At the same time, not only are the sources of these energy forms, i.e. the fossil fuels, depleting because they are non-renewable but their usage is also severely detrimental to the environment. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and switch to renewable or even nuclear resources as alternatives, in order to prevent an impending climate disaster. Hence, taking the aforementioned problems into account, a method is proposed in this paper to create a safe, reliable and regenerative electrical energy supply system using renewable wind and solar energy as well as hydrogen storages.
Highlights
1. – Introduction In fig. 1, a picture developed by two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) data visualizers is presented, showing the world illuminated by city lights during the night [1]
Fig. 1. – The Earth lights at night. This a composite image of hundreds of pictures made by the orbiting Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites [1]
In Europe this means that a two-person household consumes approximately 3.5 MWh of electrical energy per year [2,3,4,5]
Summary
Fig. 2. – The GDP per capita of different regions of the world in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in the year 2000 [11]. The largely illumined regions which can be seen on the map are China and India These so-called “emerging nations” have increased their energy consumption drastically in the recent years, leading to annual figures of about 25 MWh and 8 MWh per capita, respectively. The primary reason for this, as exhibited in the zoomed figure on the right, is the accelerated population growth at the beginning of the 19th century This was the time when were the number of steam engines increasing drastically and operating reliably. – Predicted electrical energy production increase in the EU (left) and the World (right) with calculations adopted from [21]. Table II. – Different fossil reserves and resources along with their projected lifetimes, taking their current storage levels and rate of usage into account [22,23,24,25,26]
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