Northern Regions Of Russia Research Articles

Оценка воздействия лесозаготовительной деятельности на сохранение биоразнообразия северного региона

In the context of sustainable forestry, biodiversity conservation assessment is a necessary element in asset and service accounting. Logging is an important driver of economic growth in the northern regions of Russia. The past twenty years have seen changes in timber harvesting technologies and forest management principles, which has led to an increase in research interest in identifying ecosystem responses in terms of biodiversity conservation. This study aims to assess changes in biodiversity within the active forest management territory of the Komi Republic, encompassing ten municipal districts and 24 forestry areas. The objectives of the study include evaluating the impact of factors such as population density, road network, and intact area on biodiversity preservation. Statistical analysis methods were utilized to assess the biodiversity status, focusing on the number of rare species threatened by logging. The analysis studied changes in species abundance, territorial distribution across forestry areas, and changes in their conservation status. Using statistical and factor analysis methods, the study identified the impact of forestry and anthropogenic factors on the conservation of species. The novelty of the research consists in identifying the stability degree of ecosystems by analyzing the state of large areas that have experienced long-term anthropogenic impacts on the Komi Republic territory. Most forests within the active forest management zone demonstrated favorable ecosystem conditions, with logging activities causing lichen disappearance and reduced fish numbers only in individual small areas. The anthropogenic impact had minimal influence on the number of rare species due to low population and road network density. Large areas of undisturbed forests contribute to the natural preservation of biodiversity, but their significant reduction in the southern area causes a threat to the existence of rare species. The greatest impact on the change in biodiversity on the territories affected by active forest management is caused by factors such as the level of territorial exploration, the preservation of undisturbed forests, and selective logging. The practical significance of this study lies in the potential application of the proposed algorithm by large Russian forest businesses when conducting their operations.

QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF VARIETIES AND NEW HYBRIDS OF WILD CHERRY

Bird cherry is a valuable fruit plant, used mainly by amateur gardeners in the northern regions of Russia. Bird cherry fruits have valuable biological and medicinal properties and deserve to be included in the diet. The aim of the work is to study the taste and biochemical composition of the fruits of bird cherry varieties, forms and hybrids. The paper presents the results of studies of the taste and biochemical composition of the fruits of bird cherry and bird cherry. Bird cherry fruits are characterized by a high content of solids and varied from 27.03% (No. 14-16-36) to 44.96% (No. 13-2-32), sugars from 28.73 to 54.2%. Bird cherry fruits contain very little ascorbic acid, but a lot of p-active compounds up to 1.41%. According to the content of catechins, the best are selected forms 14-16-36 and 14-1-36 0.86%; 0.53%), and in terms of the number of anthocyanins, hybrids 13-4-57 and 13-8-53 (1.18%). According to the chemical composition of fruits, hybrids and varieties of bird cherry and bird cherry are promising for introduction into cultivation in the south of Western Siberia. Bird cherry is used in the food, cosmetic industry and for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Fruit traits were studied in several hundred plants of parental species and more than a thousand hybrids. The data obtained made it possible to determine the average characteristics for each group and establish objective criteria for evaluating the selection of the best samples for subsequent selection work.

Geophysical study of the Earthʼs crust (Northern regions of Russia and the Arctic sea shelf)

Research subject. The results of the geological and geophysical study of the Earth’s crust on the territory of two regions are presented: the northwestern part of the East European Platform and the adjacent water area, as well as the waters of the East Siberian, Chukchi Seas and the Russian eastern sector of the Arctic Ocean, including the Lomonosov ridge and the Mendeleev–Alpha rise. The research is focused on mapping the Moho, the thickness and type of the Earth's crust necessary to substantiate the outer boundary of the continental shelf.Materials and methods. The authors’ original materials obtained during the processing of gravimetry and magnetometry data in the VECTOR system were used. Based on the relationship between gravity anomalies and density variations of rocks, the shape, size of the studied objects, and their deep mutual position are characterized.Results. The constructed schemes and profiles of the deep structure of the Earth's crust, obtained using the VECTOR method, were tested using the European Moho global seismic model. The positive forms of the Moho section and the raised parts of the shelf surface correspond to the positive anomalies of the transformed gravitational field. The spread of the structure of the field of continental anomalies in the Pevek–Anadyr area to the marine part of the territory under consideration can indirectly confirm the belonging of the Lomonosov Cr., the Mendeleev and Alpha ridges to the continental type of crust.Conclusion. Global, i.e., related to the territory of the globe, three-dimensional models of Moho allow us to expand and deepen the amount of knowledge about the features of the shelf structure. Geopotential fields in the VECTOR system display the tectonics of the studied environment systematically and comprehensively compared to is representation according to the scheme of profile seismic studies.

A new early-ripening soybean variety of the northern ecotype Civil

The data on morphobiological features and the main indicators of quality of the grain variety Civil are presented. The results of competitive testing are given, and the adaptability of the variety to different conditions of cultivation is shown. The need to develop early-ripening soybean varieties for agricultural production in the northern regions of Russia is noted, since the varieties with a growing season of 110-125 days do not ripen. Breeding work on soybean varieties was carried out at the experimental site under field conditions. The soil of the experimental field is gray forest heavy loam with a humus content of 4.1, close to neutral (with a soil solution reaction of 5.7), with a high content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The new variety Civil has a growing season of 83-105 days. The soybean variety of the northern ecotype Civil (breeding number 116 4/7-1sk) was bred by multiple individual selection in a hybrid population of F3-F8 obtained from the offspring of Chera-1 x SOUTH 30. The variety has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2022 for the Central region (3). The new variety is characterized by early maturity, high yield, its potential yield exceeds 3.8 tons of grain/ha. The Civil variety differs from the zoned varieties by an increased oil content. The fat content in soybean seeds of this variety reaches 24%, which is 1.8% higher than that of the SibNIIK 315 standard variety. The inclusion of a new early maturing soybean variety of the northern ecotype Сivil in the soil and climatic conditions of the midland will contribute to the promotion of the crop in the northern regions of Russia.

Energy-efficient building materials for Arctic conditions as a criterion for “green building”

The article presents the results of the analysis of the category “building materials” as one of the criteria for buildings environmental certification. The research aims to study one of the categories of “green” certification systems - environmental friendliness and energy efficiency of materials used in construction. The requirements for building materials in international and national rating systems of environmental certification of buildings are considered. Particular attention is paid to determining the most significant characteristics and parameters of building materials as a criterion for “green” construction in the Arctic territories. The use of energy-efficient “green” materials is considered on the example of model objects built in the territories of two northern regions of Russia - in the Murmansk region (Murmansk) and in the Republic of Karelia (Petrozavodsk).

FROM THE HISTORY OF PEOPLES TRANSFERRED TO FERGANA REGION (IN THE CASE OF 1937-1945)

It is known from history that displacement ("forcible displacement", "exile") is a policy applied by the state against peoples and certain groups of the population. In the 30s and 40s of the 20th century, more than 60 national groups of the population of the former USSR were resettled, including more than 15 peoples and nations were forcibly relocated from their places of residence to other regions of the country. The transplants were carried out from almost all regions of the country, mainly in Siberia, Central Asia and the Northern regions of Russia. Many nations were forcibly displaced and resettled in Uzbekistan.

Трансформация административно-территориального устройства как условие жизнеустойчивости регионов Крайнего Северо-Востока России

Spatial transformations of the administrative-territorial division, exemplified by Magadan Oblast, have been analized. Under the low density and the continuing outflow of population, the high share of subsidies and the regional budget deficit, the option of further optimization of the administrative- territorial structure within the borders of the region is proposed in order to improve the mechanisms of territorial management, economic growth, and budget saving. The effect of possible modification of the administrative-territorial structure through the consolidation of municipalities, expressed in significant budget saving, is estimated. The necessity of searching for and implementing new ways and conditions of economic activity with the involvement of private capital in the area of servicing the vital activity of the territory is substantiated. The results of the study contribute to the formation of ideas on the trends of spatial development and socio-economic problems in the northern regions of Russia's Far East; they can be used by researchers when researching similar topics, as well as by public authorities when developing strategic documents on spatial regional development.

Age-related features of the content of substrates of energy metabolism and body mass index in women residing in the Subarctic and Arctic regions of Russia.

Age is associated with a number of health risks linked to obesity caused by an imbalance in the main energy substrates-fatty acids (FA) and glucose (Glu). Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify age-related features of the metabolism of fatty acids and Glu, their correlations and the relation with the body mass index (BMI) in women of the local Caucasoid population from two northern regions of Russia with different nature, climate, and geography. We examined women aged 21-60 years born and permanently residing in the Subarctic region (SR) and the Arctic region (AR). The participants were divided into three age groups: 21-35, 36-45, and 46-60 years. The levels of FAs, Glu, and triglycerides (TG) in the blood serum were determined by spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods; the values of BMI and TyG (triglyceride glucose) index were calculated. To analyze data, we used the descriptive and correlation analyses by nonparametric methods, as well as multiple linear regression analysis. With age, the surveyed women demonstrated elevated levels of triglyceride, the majority of the studied fatty acids, BMI and TyG index. For three fatty acids, age-related changes were noted in one of the regions only: stearic and linoleic acids in the SR, and docosahexaenoic acid in the AR; no significant changes were observed for dihomo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids. We found elevated Glu levels in women aged 46-60 years residing in the SR. Regional differences were due to higher concentrations of FAs and Glu in the AR. All identified correlations were positive. BMI values were associated with FAs and TG, and in women aged 46-60 years, they were additionally associated with Glu. The latter also correlated with some FAs and TG in this group. TyG index associations with saturated FAs (SFAs) became stronger with age. Age has a significant impact on the homeostasis of key energy substrates (Glu, TG, SFAs, monounsaturated FAs), on BMI and TyG index, which are indicators of obesity and insulin resistance. Depending on the region of residence (Subarctic or Arctic), we found changes in the FA profile undersaturation (especially long-chain polyunsaturated FAs) and some specific features of Glu homeostasis (for the age groups of 21-35 and 46-60 years) in women of Caucasoid race in the Russian North. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI, as well as the region of residence and age, are significant predictors for almost all biochemical parameters, especially for TG and TyG index.

Особенности контрактирования работ по сносу и демонтажу объектов недвижимости в северных регионах России

In the northern regions of the Russian Federation, there are many various abandoned civilian and military facilities. In the middle of the last century, in the process of developing the territories of the Far North and the Arctic Circle, facilities were built, which at the end of the 20th century were simply abandoned, military facilities, fishing villages, trading posts were abandoned. Currently, interest in the north is being renewed, a small part of the objects is being restored, but most of the objects have lost their relevance, their restoration is practically meaningless, they are subject to demolition and dismantling. This has led to a significant increase in requests for state contracts for demolition and dismantling of real estate in the northern regions of Russia. However, many of them do not find performers, which is due to the peculiarities of the implementation of contracts in the regions of the North. The authors identified these features and suggested ways to improve the contracting system in the area under study.

GEORADAR AND RADIOIMPEDANCE DIAGNOSTICS OF THE SELENGA RIVER WATER AREA

The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that no radiowave methods have ever been used to study the water areas of rivers and lakes and their geoelectric sections within the Baikal natural territory (BNT) in winter time. The purpose of the research is to determine the electrical and geometric characteristics of the layered medium "ice – water – bottom soil" and the ice cover of the Selenga River on the BNT in the VLF-LF and VHF radio wave bands according to the data of instrumental radiophysical measurements by GPR and radio impedance methods, including the determination of the structure of the ice crossings over the Selenga River. Using the Selenga River as an example, consideration has been given to the results of combining VLF-LF and VHF methods of electromagnetic diagnostics of a layered medium in a wide range of radio waves (from tens of kilohertz to units of gigahertz). Radio impedance profiling and sounding in the VLF-LF bands with the IPI-300 equipment made it possible to determine the sub-bottom structure of the soil from the change in impedance and geoelectric section. GPR in the VHF band made it possible to differentiate the fine structure of the Selenga River in winter by thickness of snow, ice and water. The sounding involved the use of georadar "Oko-2" with antenna units "Triton" (central frequency 50 MHz), AB-400 (central frequency 400 MHz), AB-700 (central frequency 700 MHz), and AB-1700 (central frequency 1700 MHz). The thickness of ice of the road crossing in the Mostovoy microdistrict of Ulan-Ude city was 0.5–1.2 m – 0.1–0.2 m thicker than that beyond the road crossing. It was found that the presence of snow cover beyond the road crossing prevents the ice mass from freezing. Calibration sounding of ice with borehole drilling yielded ice dielectric constant ε=3.17. The specific electrical resistance (SER) of water from boreholes is 71–74 Ohm·m at a temperature of 1 °C. The methods used complement each other and provide a quantitative description of the object of research. The integration of various methods of radio wave diagnostics provides more detailed information on the structure of the layered medium "ice – water – bottom soil". The obtained results and the developed methods of radio impedance and GPR sounding and profiling of an inhomogeneously layered underlying environment in winter time can be used in engineering and geological surveys in the eastern and northern regions of Russia.

Identification of the <i>eam8</i> allele associated with photoperiod insensitivity in barley accessions from Japan

BACKGROUND: Cultivated plants grown in the northern regions of Russia are subject to strict requirements in terms of their ability to produce a high yield during short growing season. Important adaptive traits that affect crop yield are early maturity and insensitivity to photoperiod. The search and involvement in breeding programs of new sources of these valuable traits is a necessary step for the creation of new ecologically plastic varieties.
 THE AIM: To identify alleles of the Eam8 gene, which determine weak photoperiodic sensitivity, among Japanese barley accessions from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) collection.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Screening of 200 barley accessions from Japan was carried out in a climatic chamber in order to identify plants with yellow color of seedlings a marker sign of the influence of the eam8 allele, which controls early maturity and low sensitivity to the photoperiod. The presumably photoperiod-insensitive accession was studied under conditions of long and short photoperiods and was studied by molecular methods.
 RESULTS: Phenotypic screening identified a presumably photoperiod-insensitive accession k-17545 (Jap.456). The photoperiodic sensitivity of the accession and the variety Mari (carrier of the recessive eam8 allele) were similar. Using molecular analysis, the eam8.k allele, occurred naturally in the cultivars Kinai 5 and Kagoshima Gold from Japan, was found in the k-17545 line. The Jap.456 was polymorphic by srorage proteins (hordein) patterns and RAPD profiles. In addition, previously undescribed SNPs in the eam8.k sequence were identified in individual plants.
 CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the study of 200 accessions of barley from Japan, accession k-17545 (Jap.456) was found, in which the eam8.k allele was identified, which controls weak sensitivity to the photoperiod.

Corporate social responsibility practices of forest companies in the Northern regions of Russia

Subject. The article addresses issues of corporate social responsibility. Objectives. The aim is to assess the development of corporate social responsibility principles at forestry enterprises. Methods. The study draws on methods of comparative analysis. Results. The activities of large Russian forest companies meet the world social standards of sustainable development. Meanwhile, medium-sized businesses, due to limited resources, comply with only part of requirements for sustainable development. Conclusions. The findings can be used to design tools and directions of regional economic policy.

Draft Genome Sequences of Prototrophic and Biotin-Auxotrophic Fusarium langsethiae Strains Isolated from an Oat Grain in the Northern Region of Russia

ABSTRACTFusarium langsethiae is a suspected plant-pathogenic fungus causing cereal contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins. Here, we report the genome sequences of two F. langsethiae strains, MFG217701 (a prototroph) and MFG217702 (a biotin auxotroph), isolated from a grain of oat harvested in Russia.

Hardware and Software Implementation for Solar Hot Water System in Northern Regions of Russia

Acceleration of energy transition will become the crucial social, political and technical challenge of the 21st century and will be largely associated with the growing use of renewable energy sources, including solar power. This study provides some experimental results of using solar hot water systems (HWS) embedded in apartment buildings located in the energy-efficient district called Zhatay in Yakutsk city, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The low annual solar fraction of HWS was found for 2019. It is equal to 0.2869 and caused by thermal energy loss from the hydraulic circuit during the nighttime. The study suggests increasing solar fraction in HWS and implementing a software and hardware system. The experimental evaluation of these studies was performed by testing a solar water heating pilot plant in Kaftanchikovo village in Tomsk Region (Western Siberia). As a result of HWS testing, it was found that the annual solar fraction can be significantly increased by preventing the heating agent from night freezing in hydraulic circuits of tube collectors, even when the outdoor temperature is below its freezing point.

Using the Remote Sensing in Studying Ecosystems of Deposits of Nonferrous Metal Ores, Both Opencast and Abandoned, in the Northern Regions of Russia

The paper presents study results of the disturbed lands ecological state due to the opencast mining of deposits of non-ferrous metal ores in the Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and Krasnoyarsk regions. According to the OMS data on quarries, rock-disposal dumps, processed ore storages' surface there have been detected some self-restoring vegetation ecosystems. The necessity in rehabilitation of rock-disposal dumps piled during mining operations in areas with a short vegetative cycle has been substantiated.

Imperishable light of the Amber from the Japod necropolises in the Una valley

Imperishable light of the Amber from the Japod necropolises in the Una valley

On the competitiveness of manufacturing industry in the northern regions of Russia and the ways to improve it

In the article the competitiveness of the classes of economic activity of the manufacturing industry in the northern regions of Russia is analyzed. Evaluation was carried out through matrix and cluster grouping according to four criteria: efficiency, dynamics of development, sustainability and social responsibility. Most and least developed groups have been identified. It was found that in some subgroups, fairly high financial results are combined with low wages for workers. As a way to solve the identified problems, mutual assistance of industries and regions is offered to each other, that is, an increase in the level of internal solidarity of the economic system.

A healthy eating plan for employees engaged in oil and gas exploration and production in the Far North

Proper nutrition is undoubtedly one of the most important factors of good health. Currently, the priority field of study for the Russian nutritionists is the development of well-balanced nutrition plans which can help to prevent or alleviate the most common medical conditions and work-related diseases. Extensive research has been carried out for the stateled program for the Development of Hydrocarbon Resources in the Northern Regions of Russia, including the Far North, where the huge oil and gas fields are located, and the specialists of Art-Life scientific production association have developed a healthy eating plan to help people working in the Far North maintain general well-being.

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ БОЛЕЗНЯМИ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 2010-2019 ГГ

Significance. A significant level of prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system and a high level of incidence in working-age population are one of the leading factors determining high socio-economic significance of this pathology. However, analytical data on incidence of uronephrological disorders in population of the Russian northern regions are scarce. Purpose. To analyze incidence of diseases of the genitourinary system in adult population of the Arkhangelsk region in 2010-2019 in comparison with the Russian Federation (RF) and the Northwestern Federal District. Material and Methods. The level of prevalence and incidence of diseases of the genitourinary system in adult population of the Arkhangelsk region, Northwestern Federal District and the Russian Federation in 2010-2019 were analyzed on the basis of official statistics. Results. The study has identified increase in the prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system in adult population of the Arkhangelsk region across almost all nosologies (except for glomerular and tubulointerstitial kidney diseases). At the same time, the incidence decreased (except for male infertility). The study shows that the average values ​​of prevalence and incidence across almost all categories of uronephrological disorders in the region are lower than in the country as a whole. The average total prevalence in the Northwestern Federal District is higher compared to the one in the Arkhangelsk region, while the incidence rates across most of the analyzed nosologies are comparable. Conclusion. Dynamics in incidence of the diseases of the genitourinary system demonstrates deterioration of their detection, defects in organization of primary and urological-neurological care delivery in the region. Changes in prevalence, especially against the background of the decreased incidence, suggests a significant "accumulation" of this pathology against the background of the demographic aging of the population.

Регионально-отраслевой анализ с точки зрения идей солидарной экономики (на примере промышленности северных регионов России)

The article analyses the industry in the northern regions of Russia from the point of view of assessing the practical results of the traditional theory of competition. The purpose of the study is to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of the transformation of economics from the ideas of rivalry to unity and harmony in social relations. The relevance of the topic is determined by an active public discussion about the possibilities of Russia's transition from a market-capitalist to a social, human-oriented economy. It is shown that the main existing model is aimed either at the individual benefit of organizations, or at the attractiveness of industries for corporate or state interests, but not at the needs of the common person. The idea of the increasing attention to “people of labor” by bringing all the analyzed indicators to a single denominator — one employed — is defended. The following empirical research methods were used: observation, comparison and visualization. On the example of industry of the northern regions of Russia, ultra-hight intersectoral and interregional imbalances were revealed, arising, according to the author, due to the lopsided orientation of enterprises to maximize profits and the export and resource structure of the economy. The ratio of value added elements by region is demonstrated, the classification of territories is carried out depending on the combination of these components. The low-suitability of the classical understanding of competition to solve issues of capital overflow and equalization of profitability is indicated. The thesis is put forward about the possibility of overcoming the existing problems by the internal spiritual and moral transformation of managers and workers themselves, the transition from competition to cooperation. The prospects of the study are associated with the expansion of the toolkit due to social indicators, as well as in the study of the micro-level — municipalities, sub-sectors, and the primary reporting of organizations.