Russian Industrial Enterprises Research Articles

УЧЕТНО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМОНЕНТА В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПРОЦЕССА ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The article analyzes the economic structure of the innovation process of Russian industrial enterprises. The decomposition method determines the indicators of market and technological novelty, as well as the scale of diffusion of innovative products. In the study, the innovative activity of an industrial enterprise is analyzed from the standpoint of the influence of the degree of manufacturability of production capacities on economic activity in general. In order to obtain more detailed characteristics, it was proposed to group the types of economic activity into aggregates that meet specific characteristics of the degree of manufacturability according to the international classification used by the OECD. Industrial enterprises were considered taking into account their differentiation by groups of activities: high-tech, medium-tech, medium-low-tech and low-tech. A practical example shows and defines the key stages of the innovation process. In order to determine the degree of efficiency of using the resources of an industrial enterprise involved in innovation, the role of the accounting and analytical component in the structure of the innovation process is determined. Analytical coefficients of resource support for innovative activities of industrial organizations of enterprises are proposed to be grouped into blocks that allow a detailed assessment of the degree of efficiency in the use of resources.

REB indexes

“REB indexes” cover a wide range of economic indicators of Russian industrial enterprises. The article presents basic statistical data collected on a monthly, quarterly and semi-annual base by the Russian Economic Barometer by means of direct questioning of managers of industrial and agricultural enterprises. Regular extension of rows allows seeing dynamics of more than 70 series of indicators and conducting comparative analysis of data collected since 1991.

КРИЗИСНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

This article discusses the key factors that affect the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise. Within the framework of anti-crisis management, the use of strategic innovations as an effective tool for crisis management and stabilization of the main parameters of a business entity is proposed. The scope of the application of strategic innovations has been determined, allowing on the basis of specific criteria of economic development to form mechanisms for crisis prevention at the micro and macro levels. The object of the study is anti-crisis models of industrial development. The purpose of the work is to study possible ways out of the crisis of Russian industrial enterprises. In the course of the work, the peculiarities of the emergence and course of crisis situations in the real sector of the economy in the temporal and spatial aspect at the macro and micro levels are determined. The following research methods have been used: methods of system, situational and comparative analysis. As a result of the study, anti-crisis government spending, innovative preventive solutions, as well as the experience of international companies with the participation of Russian business are analyzed. It is shown that the creation and practical use of modern anti-crisis mechanisms can be considered an effective way to reduce the negative consequences of crisis phenomena. A model of statics and dynamics of crisis management has been developed. The key specific criteria for differentiating crisis situations at the micro and macro levels are classified, and the mechanism of their development is formed

“Российский экономический барометр”: опыт исследования рыночных реформ в России

The article is dedicated to the 30th anniversary of “The Russian Economic Barometer” – an independent research program being implemented under the auspices of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations. The program was launched in the end of 1991 with the purpose to conduct regular business surveys in order to compensate for the shortage of statistical data revealing changes in the behavior of the Russian industrial enterprises during economic transition. The article describes the distinctive features of REB data base which at present contains over 200 monthly indicators of enterprise performance and changes in the business environment. The main advantages of REB time series consist in the continuity of information gathering throughout a period of 30 years and immutability of the methodology for calculating indicators. The other advantages of REB data base are a short time span from conducting a survey to the data release and availability of indicators that are difficult or impossible to measure by conventional methods such as factors limiting output and investment, capacity and labor utilization rate, managers’ assessments of the current situation of their enterprises and expectations for the nearest future, their views on the overall economic situation and the economic policy of the government. Furthermore the authors outline the stages of the development of the research program, key studies and major achievements as well as current problems and challenges for the future. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the main end users of REB statistical information: from directors of enterprises – survey participants, to whom REB helped to cope with new realities at the early stage of the transition period, and foreign researchers, who experienced shortage of statistical information on developments in the Russian industrial sector – to the public authorities and scientific community of Russia which use REB statistics as a reliable source of independent data supplementing the official statistics. The regularly updated time series of REB indicators and analytical articles are published in the quarterly bulletin “The Russian Economic Barometer” available on the IMEMO website both in Russian https://www.imemo.ru/publications/periodical/reb-quarterly and in English https://www.imemo.ru/publications/periodical/reb-quarterly-eng.

Strategic development of scientific and technical potential of industry during the digital transformation of economy

Currently the speeding up of digital transformation makes it obvious that application of digital technologies and the degree of involvement into digital transformation is an essential and significant aspect of scientific and technical potential of an industrial enterprise. The article is devoted to the analysis of trends and prospects of development of basic technologies which are the basis for digital transformation of the world economics: the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, robotization and technologies of the big data processing. The authors present the assessment of the current state of digitalization for Russian industrial enterprises by analyzing the data on the implementation of the above mentioned technologies in business-process.

Ускоренные ресурсные испытания отечественных опытных образцов эластомерных уплотнений для системы подводной добычи нефти и газа

This work was performed with the aim of confirming the competence of Russian industrial enterprises in the development of subsea production system facilities and applies to elastomeric seals of Christmas tree and tubing hanger, and is intended to confirm the service life of elastomeric seals. The essence of the method is to test the cyclic effect of pressure, temperature and several cycles of axial movement on not aged (new) seals and on aged (at the end of the warranty period of storage and operation) seals.

THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO THE ACTIVITIES OF RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES

Currently, increased competition in all industries encourages enterprises to look for new ways to improve their competitiveness. Today, in the conditions of the digital economy, digital transformation, implying the introduction of modern technologies into all business processes, can become a key tool that allows you to quickly adapt to changes in market conditions. In this study, on the basis of regression analysis, the factors contributing to the success of the introduction of digital technologies at industrial enterprises in Russia, as well as the barriers that arise in the way of their digital transformation, are identified.

A methodology to assess the level of flexible management technology development at industrial enterprises

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the transformation of industrial enterprises in the transition to a digital economy. Objectives. The article aims to study the problem of development of flexible management technologies at industrial enterprises of Russia. Methods. For the study, we used statistical and systems analyses, grouping, and the method of expert assessment. Results. The article presents an original methodology for assessing the level of development of flexible management technologies at industrial enterprises. Conclusions. The developed methodology can help industrial enterprises function effectively for a long period of time in a changing market environment.

Assessment of the Readiness of Industrial Enterprises for Automation and Digitalization of Business Processes

The purpose of this article is to identify the promising areas of digitalization in the work of industrial enterprises at the national and regional level. The study was conducted on the basis of industrial enterprises of the Republic of Mordovia using the methods of a systematic approach, comparative and strategic analysis, mathematical statistics, etc. As a result, we assessed the impact of the digital transformation of the economy on the development of industrial enterprises in Russia and the Republic of Mordovia, changes in the efficiency of enterprises associated with the expansion of the use IT, the degree of satisfaction of enterprises with the use of specific tools of information and communication technologies, etc. Spearman’s rank linear correlation demonstrates positive and negative effects of ICT using the industrial enterprises. The novelty and practical value of the obtained results consists in the fact that confirmed research hypotheses reflect both specific regional factors and systemic nationwide problems of digitalization of the Russian industry, automation of business process, allow us to outline the priority areas of digital transformation of business models not only of the studied enterprises industry of the region, but also the non-resource sector of the industry in general.

Methodology for managing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in Russia

This article proposes an approach to improving methods of managing competitiveness in market conditions. Currently, in connection with the processes of modernization in the economy and changes in market conditions, there is a need to improve the approaches and methods of production management. Russian enterprises are faced with the emerging conditions of competition. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that today the issues of managing the competitiveness of an enterprise have not been sufficiently considered and requires an improved approach to the formation of new mechanisms for managing the competitiveness of enterprises, contributing to its increase and the acquisition of a stable position by the enterprise in the market, based on the development of new scientific methods and principles. The novelty of the article is in the concepts of developing an approach to managing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises, contributing to an increase in their level on the basis of a proposal for a management model based on diagnostics and forecasting of the state of the enterprise and its ability to compete.

Investment activity of Russian industrial enterprises in modern conditions: management aspect

Investment activity of Russian industrial enterprises in modern conditions: management aspect

ОСНОВЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫМИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

Today, the problem of increasing the efficiency of large Russian industrial enterprises is one of the most important national economic problems of the domestic economy. Purpose of the study. In this regard, the purpose of the study of this work is to improve the processes of prepa¬ring and mak-ing managerial decisions on the strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises of our country in the current conditions of global instability and increasing international competition. Materials and methods. The scientific provisions presented in the article are an integral set of measures that ensure the implementation of both strategic and operational management algorithms for industrial enterprises. At the same time, the methods of mathematical modeling and financial and economic analytics were used. Results. The results of the study are: a well-founded set of scien-tific provisions on the strategic management of industrial enterprises, as well as a predictive and adaptive approach to the operational management of production companies in the conditions of both stable development of the world economy and international financial and economic crises. On the basis of the developed sets of scientific provisions, sets of mathematical models for the stra-tegic management of industrial enterprises and their operational management are formed. Conclu-sion. The scientific provisions and materials presented in this article enable the heads of industrial enterprises to form holistic and comprehensively justified strategies for their long-term development, as well as algorithms for operational management of industrial divisions of enterprises during peri-ods of global instability.

МЕТОДИКА ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ВЫСОКОЛИКВИДНЫХ АКТИВОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

Practical studies of the financial condition of commercial enterprises indicate that the lack of an effective system of operational financial planning, in particular cases, is one of the reasons for the insolvency of Russian industrial enterprises. And ultimately it can lead to bankruptcy of the company. The solution to this problem is associated with the need to improve the approaches and methods of operational financial planning, taking into account the industry specifics and the scale of activities of Russian enterprises. In the work, the authors present the process of planning highly liquid assets of an organization, where an industrial enterprise with a long production cycle is considered as an object.

Information Modeling and Analysis of Labour Productivity Dynamics at Enterprises-Leaders

Serious growth in labour productivity is an essential task of Russian economy today, which was formulated in the national goals of the Russian Federation and the national project ‘Labour Productivity and Employment Support'. Current mathematic models and methods of analyzing the given problem cannot identify key factors affecting the capacity of the enterprise to provide a considerable growth in productivity in the short-term and medium-term perspective. The article puts forward a mathematic model for analyzing labour productivity dynamics, which was designed on the informational approach to system analysis. Specific features of the model are the use of the hypothesis theorem to get estimation of relative probability of achieving the target indicator and 2 variants of interpretation of probability to realize the situation factor. The research object is representative sample of industrial enterprises in Russia included in the top-100 leaders by labour productivity growth. The authors set and resolved the task to estimate relative steps of target information that determine the degree of conformity of an increase in key finance and economic parameters with attaining the goal, i.e. growth in labour productivity at the enterprise in 3-year perspective. As a result of modeling it was shown that the degree of relative expediency of high rates of proceed rise tend to decline as the ranges of labour productivity grow. At the same time the degree of relative of high rates of asset turn-over growth steps up in line with decreasing durability of operative cycle of the enterprise. In contrast to many works dealing with this problem it was shown that relative expediency of fundequipment at the enterprise is more noticeable for medium and high rates of labour productivity growth and extremely low in the record range. The obtained results demonstrate applied opportunities to use logic-mathematic tools of the information approach to analyze indicators of economic efficiency of business.

Strategies of Russian industrial enterprises’ importing behavior under economic sanctions

The paper utilizes survey data of 2014 and 2018 for the analysis of import as one of the transmission channels of external shocks on the behavior of Russian industrial enterprises. The study aims to reveal strategies of importing under sanctions’ regime and evaluate the potential of import substitution. It demonstrates sustainability of business strategies with regard to importing and maintaining trends of high dependence on import equipment for technological modernization and competitiveness of products. The current scale of import substitution is modest, there is a lack of substantial transformation of geography of importing except radically diminished share of importers from Ukraine. Bi-probit econometric estimations that take into consideration firm’ simultaneous involvement in importing of interim products and equipment demonstrate that import of the former is critically important for the firms exporting to Europe, while the latter is associated with exporting to the members of the Customs’ Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Устойчивое развитие и повышение конкурентоспособности промышленности в Баренцевом Евро-Арктическом регионе.

The article considers possibilities for increasing competitiveness of Russian industrial enterprises during the development of resource effective industrial policy. The authors discuss the meaning and interpretation of “sustainable development” and “competitiveness” used in national and international scientific publications. The article traces current trends in the external environment that can contribute to organization's competitive advantages or cause the stability loss. The most significant changes include: the strengthening of industrial policy at national and international levels; broadening the understanding of essence and geographic scope of regulation based on the principles of best available techniques; promoting resource efficient and low-carbon technologies and formulating new international marketing segment for such technologies; establishing approaches for circular economy and links to resource efficient and low-carbon development; developing responsible investment system supporting activities related to meeting sustainable development goals.The authors analyse the basic principles of Environment Social Governance (ESG) and Business Charter for Sustainable Development and demonstrate their impact on the development of new competition rules.The paper presents results of case studies carried out in pulp and paper production and mining industry: environmental and technological modernizationprojects of JSC “Kovdor Mining and Benefication Plant” and JSC “Mondi Syktyvkar” and compares these projects with theESG investment principles. The procedure for excluding Russian installations from the list of environmental “hot spots” of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region is analysed and project assessment results meeting requirements of Best Available Techniques and responsible investment are considered. The paper concludes with the statement that in order to increase the level of international competitiveness of Russian industries it is necessary to take into account sustainable development principles and ESG principles while developing environmental and technological modernization programmes of Russian enterprises.

Economic and statistical analyses of labor productivity growth at russian industrial enterprises: Key factors

Increasing labor productivity (LP) is an actual task of the Russian economy and management of enterprises. Today, the country has a growing productivity gap between the most efficient and lagging companies. The aim of the study is to identify the key factors which determine the magnitude and growth rate of this indicator in the interests of revealing promising areas and ways of managing its growth. The paper describes the analysis of financial and economic indicators that are factors of sustainable growth in LP at domestic industrial enterprises, leading in this indicator in the period 2017–2019. The methodological basis has been the provisions of the production factors and productivity theories. The research method is based on the theorem of statistical hypotheses. The object of this research has been 94 Russian leading companies in terms of LP growth under reviewing period. An economic and statistical model of LP growth factors has been developed and the conditional probabilities of hypotheses have been calculated that characterize the ranges of growth of this indicator upon the occurrence of events corresponding to an increase in the values of financial and economic indicators. The key factors and the ranges of their change are highlighted for four ranges of the productivity rate: small, moderate, high and record. It is shown that the determining factors of a low rate are a revenue growth in the range from –23 to 57%, a decrease in the duration of an operating cycle to –7% and a growth in asset turnover up to 37%. The factors of the record rate of LP growth are revenue gain in the range 97–297%; operating cycle reduction in the range from –42 to –88% and the turnover of assets gain in the range 114–342%. The capital-labor ratio gain is considered with low probability as a factor of the moderate or high LP gain in combination with an increase in revenue and asset turnover. High correlation of the operating cycle reduction and increase the asset turnover can serve as an indicator of LP increase programs success. The proposed approach allowed to identify significant factors of LP growth at leading companies that had not been obvious during applying a regression analysis.

Концептуальный базис стратегического и оперативного управления промышленными предприятиями в условиях нестабильности

The problems of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises in modern conditions of global instability cannot be effectively solved, as in the recent past. New approaches, methods and models are needed that would take into account the complexities of managing industrial enterprises in modern business conditions. Purpose of the study. It is necessary to create a new adaptive approach to the strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises, which would take into account the accelerating dynamics of international markets, as well as the factors of indirect and direct impact on the enterprise, which mainly determine its adaptability. Materials and methods. The main provisions of the conceptual basis of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises, as well as a set of mathematical models for the implementation of this process are presented. Results. The materials formulated in the article on the preparation and adoption of managerial decisions allow the owners and managers of industrial enterprises to assess all aspects of this process in interrelation and form, in essence, a new paradigm for the functioning of industrial enterprises in conditions of military-political and socio-economic instability in the world, as well as the introduction various sanctions on the part of Western countries in relation to Russian industrial enterprises. At the same time, it becomes possible to take into account the factors of direct and indirect impact on industrial enterprises, which have become especially important in recent years. Conclusion. The approach presented in this article to the formation of the conceptual basis of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises is, in essence, new and relevant, allowing company shareholders to form promising strategies for the development of industrial enterprises in conjunction with the procedures for operational management of the current activities of enterprises. Thus, the preparation and adoption of decisions on the management of industrial enterprises, both at the strategic and operational levels, becomes possible to carry out on the basis of a holistic algorithm based on the complex of models and methods of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises developed by the author.

Russian Industry In March 2021

The increase in demand evidenced in March allows Russian industrial enterprises to hire personnel and maintain the output growth. Sales forecasts, the output and hiring plans continue to gain optimism, giving the reason to hope that the upward trend will continue in Q 2 2021. However, inflationary expectations are also high in the Russian industry.

Labour conflicts at Russian industrial enterprises in 1914-1917 (based on materials from the provinces of the Central Industrial Region)

Labour conflicts at Russian industrial enterprises during World War I were traditionally considered in historiography to be the part of the protest movement of workers with a predominance of a political component, in an inextricable connection with the revolutionary events of 1917. The expansion of the information potential of the source base allows rising new questions and checking the theses on based not on aggregated data and not on the example of individual conflicts, but on the basis of a wide range of data presented in the “strike by strike” format. The article examines the dynamics of the strike movement of workers during World War I (from July 1914 to February 1917), as well as the nature of the demands put forward and the results of these conflicts, based on materials from the provinces of the Central Industrial Region of Russia. In addition, the issue of the degree of importance of the political component in the strike movement of workers in the period under review is considered. The study made it possible to conclude that the strikes of workers at the enterprises of the Central Industrial Region during the war years included mainly labour conflicts, in the course of which the economic demands put forward by the workers became priority. An increase in the number of political uprisings occurred in late 1916 – early 1917, when, against the background of growing food shortages and deteriorating inflation, economic demands began to be addressed to local and central authorities.