Federal Districts Of Russia Research Articles

Russian working youth: Strategies to achieve wellbeing

The article presents the results of the analysis of strategies to achieve wellbeing among Russian working youth. The analysis is based on the survey of 1121 respondents between 20 and 30 years old, living in Moscow and major cities of eight federal districts of Russia. The article describes the following five strategies. (1) “Familism” is a predominantly female strategy directed at attaining a work-life balance. It is characterized by high life satisfaction, low work and career satisfaction, as well as by low labor mobility. (2) “Rational consumerism” includes the economical use of family resources and savings activities. It reflects the predominance of materialistic values, an orientation towards a moderate and quiet life, and the absence of professional ambitions. (3) “Networking and entrepreneurship” is a pronounced achievementoriented strategy directed at the accumulation of social capital and entrepreneurial activity. The strategy is characterized by moral nihilism and by orientations towards personal responsibility and self-efficiency. (4) “Investing in professional development” is a work-centric strategy focused on increasing professional knowledge and the acquisition of new professional skills, together with increasing work efforts. This is a predominantly male strategy, more typical for respondents from Russian regions compared to Moscow. (5) “Civic activism” is a less frequently mentioned strategy directed at protecting one’s rights and participation in public and political life. It is common mainly for those living in Moscow. The analysis reveals that these five strategies are shaped by different combinations of the respondents’ individual characteristics, values and orientations, industry of employment, residency, and organizational practices. It was determined that some strategies are developed by the mechanism of accumulating advantages while others are predominantly compensatory in their nature.

Деятельность дневных стационаров онкологического профиля в Российской Федерации и её субъектах за 2010–2019 годы

Relevance. Oncological diseases both in our country and in other countries of the world make a significant negative contribution to the overall mortality and disability of the population. Moreover, in the last decade, oncopathology is significantly more often affects the younger, employable population. One of the factors improving medical care is the provision of the population with specialists and hospital beds of oncological profile, including day care, where patients with this class of diseases could undergo a full course of pre-treatment, treatment, rehabilitation and recovery. Aim. To identify the dynamics of the main activity indicators of daily stay oncological hospitals of the public health sector in the Russian Federation, federal districts and regions of the Russian Federation for 2010–2019. Materials and methods. Using the data of federal statistical observation (form № 14DS) by the method of descriptive statistics, the main activity indicators of daily stay oncological hospitals in the Russian Federation, federal districts and regions of the Russian Federation in dynamics for 2010–2019 were analyzed. Results and discussion. In General, in the Russian Federation, the absolute number of oncologic hospital beds in daily stay hospitals of medical organizations providing inpatient care for the period from 2010 to 2019 increased by 3,5 times (from 1,448 to 5,013 beds), in daily stay hospitals of medical organizations providing outpatient care for the period from 2014 to 2019 by 67,1% (from 2,465 to 4,120 beds). At the same time the number of patients treated in oncological hospital beds in inpatient daily stay hospitals for the period 2010–2019 increased by 405,245 (from 78,120 to 483,365 people), and in outpatient daily stay hospitals for the period from 2014 to 2017 increased by 93939 (from 218,502 to 312,441 people). The average occupancy of an oncological hospital bed per year and the average duration of treatment in Russia in inpatient daily stay hospitals decreased from 409 days in 2010 to 380 days in 2019 and from 7,7 to 5,6 days, respectively, in outpatient daily stay hospitals from 407 days in 2014 to 386 days in 2017 and from 4,7 to 4,6 days, respectively. Conclusion. The expansion of the bed fund of daily stay hospitals of oncological profile is timely and justified, but its development in different regions of the Russian Federation is characterized by a pronounced disproportion. At present there are all the necessary reserves to continue the active development of the network of daily stay hospitals of this profile.

Small business development and resource use in Russian regions

Relevance. The living standards in any country largely depend on how developed is this country’s business sector. The latter, in its turn, relies on the availability and efficient use of resources. The problem that arises in this respect and that this study seeks to address is how to measure the resource potential available for the development of small businesses in order to choose the optimal strategy of stimulating this sector for this or that region. Research objective. The aim of this research is to study resources available to small businesses and their use in Russian regions. Data and methods. The set of indicators used in our analysis helps us measure the activity of small businesses in Russian federal districts. The key elements of the assessment are based on the official statistics and include the following: average labor productivity of small businesses, the unit turnover per small enterprise, the number of small firms per 10,000 people. Each of these indicators was analyzed by using the methods of mathematical statistics according to the three criteria: stability (S); average values (M); and the variability of the results (V), which characterizes interregional differentiation within a federal district/country. Results. The article proposes a system of indicators for diagnosing small business development based on the concentration and performance of small-sized enterprises. The quantitative results of such analysis can be used for choosing strategies of small business development. Conclusion. There was a significant decline in entrepreneurial activity during the post-crisis period of 2017-2018 in Russia, which could be explained by the impact of foreign sanctions and the difficult economic situation in the country (inflation, a sharp rise in the price of resources, difficulties in communication with international partners, and the difficulty or even impossibility to adopt efficient technologies in a short time). As our analysis has shown, some of the Russian territories still have underutilized resource potential that can be used for stimulating small business development.

Overall incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation and federal districts in 2017–2019

The aim of the study was to identify the main trends in the overall incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation in 2017–2019. The analysis of indices based on statistical reports, revealed changes in the direction of the dynamics of the overall incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation. In 2018–2019, the indicator increased (by 0,1 %) for the first time after a yearslong (2007–2018) rather intense annual decline. The most noticeable increase is noted in the incidence of organic mental disorders, chronic inorganic disorders, childhood psychoses, including autism, as well as in indices in the groups of children and adolescents 0–14, 15–17 years old and individuals of 60 years and older. The authors of the article conclude that the change in the dynamics of overall incidence in the Russian Federation observed in 2017–2019 indicates a rise in the referral to psychiatric institutions in the last year with an increase in the total number of patients receiving specialized care.

Regional innovation systems efficiency analyses and evaluation: DEA approach implementation

The innovative transformation is a necessary condition for sustainable economic development. The study reveals an assessment and comparative analysis of the Regional Innovation Systems’ (RIS) performance in the Russian Federation using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The DEA model under the Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumption, focused on output parameters, is used to estimate the relative technical efficiency of regions based on several input and output parameters. Based on the obtained results, a rating of regions was compiled: four groups of regions were identified depending on their technical efficiency level. It was revealed that the leading regions by innovative development level are assessed by the DEA somewhat differently. A comparative analysis of the innovation systems performance at the regional and federal levels allowed us to identify the most and least effective subjects of the Russian Federation, federal districts and economic regions. The main conclusion is that less than a third of the Russian regions use their production capabilities as efficient as possible, the remaining regions can significantly improve the way they use the available resources. The results of the study might be used in making managerial decisions at the country, federal districts and regions levels in order to develop measures and mechanisms for improving the efficiency of regional innovation systems.

ВРАЧ ОБЩЕЙ ПРАКТИКИ: ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫХ ОКРУГАХ ЗА 2010 - 2019 ГОДЫ

Significance. The Russian Federation has been actively introducing a new model of the polyclinic with the simultaneous training of general practitioners (GP). In this regard, analyzing dynamics in the number of GPs in recent years is relevant. Purpose: to assess indicators of the number of general practitioners in the Russian Federation and federal districts for the period from 2010 to 2019 years. Material and methods: based on data from the statistical observation (form N30) the main indicators of the number of general practitioners were analyzed in dynamics for 2010-2019. Methods: statistical, analytical, mathematical statistic, and descriptive. Results. In 2010-2019, Russia saw a 39.6% increase in the number of staff GP positions (from 10869.75 to 15176.25), including a 23% increase in the occupied positions (from 10195.00 to 12541.50) and a 26.6% increase in the number of individuals occupying the staff position (from 8975 to 11358), as well as increased indicators of the number of general practitioners (staff positions - by 35.9%, occupied positions - by 19.7%, individuals - by 23.1%). It should be noted here, however, that in 2019 there was a small decrease in all indicators compared to 2018. The staffing level of general practitioners decreased by 11.3% (from 93.8% to 82.6%) in 2010-2019 and the part-time coefficient positively decreased by 2.8% (from 1.14 to 1.10). Conclusion. The described dynamics in indicators suggests a higher role of general practitioners in the primary care structure.

Spatial unevenness of innovative and technological development of the territories of the Russian Federation

The study covers the topical aspects of the innovative and technological development of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of territorial unevenness. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the factors of innovative and technological development of the federal districts of Russia has been carried out, the specificity of regional development has been investigated. The spatial analysis of the territories made it possible to conclude that there is a significant territorial concentration and differentiation in terms of innovative activity indicators. The paper shows a significant territorial disparity in the distribution of developed advanced production technologies. The structure of R&D organizations has been displayed, it has been noted that the bulk of the organizations is concentrated in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. A spatial analysis of the territories of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of the innovative and technological potential made it possible to distinguish territories by the type of innovative development: 1) territories with a high level and an upward trend of innovative and technological development; 2) territories with a high level and a downward trend of innovative and technological development; 3) territories with a low level and an upward trend of innovative and technological development; 4) territories with a low level and a downward trend of innovative and technological development.

Assessment of transport and logistics commerce in agriculture for the Southern Federal District of Russia

The scientific paper provides a comparative analysis of the development level of the transport infrastructure in the Russian Federation constituents of the Southern Federal District. The analysis of the statistical data on the transport activity shows an increase in the volume of transport services in Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar from 2012 to 2018. In Volgograd region and Astrakhan Oblast there is a decrease by 22% and 6% respectively. With regard to the motor hard surface highways per 1000 km2 there is a significant difference between the Russian Federation constituents in the Southern Federal District. The gap in the values of indicators in Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don and other regions reaches 50%. In addition, a direct relationship between the social indicators and the volume of transport services for the period under consideration has been identified. In order to assess the development level of the region's transport and logistics infrastructure an integral indicator has been calculated based on the calculation of the relative coefficients of the transport activity in the Russian Federation constituents. As a result, the study shows that the highest value of the integral indicator characterizing the development level of the vehicular transport infrastructure is in Krasnodar Territory, the lowest value is in the Republic of Kalmykia. It should be noted that there is a significant imbalance in the development level of the transport and logistics infrastructure in different regions, which determines their different investment attractiveness and social and economic progress.

Trichinosis in the Ural Federal District of Russia: Epizootiological Aspects of the Issue

Summary. Introduction: The urgency of the problem of trichinosis in the Ural Federal District is determined by diversity of animal species, both intermediate and final hosts of Trichinella, and adverse effects of anthropogenic factors on the epizootic situation. The purpose of the study was to generalize and analyze long-term monitoring data on the species structure of Trichinella hosts, the level of infestation, and the intensity of invasion in wild and domestic mammals in various invasion reservoirs. We analyzed information about complex ecological interactions in the foci, environmental and geographical features and their role in the pathogen circulation. Our findings can serve as the basis for epizootiological monitoring in constituent entities of the Ural Federal District and elaboration of preventive measures. Materials and methods: We reviewed literary sources on the topic published since the late 1960s, analyzed information bulletins of the Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance and the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) reporting trichinellosis rates and preventive actions as well as publications of the same body on epizootiological characteristics of trichinosis, and information issued by regional offices of veterinary medicine and the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor). The analytical method and the comparative historical research method were applied. Results: We established the relevance of the problem of trichinosis in the Ural Federal District. The natural reservoir of Trichinella in the area is provided by a detachment of carnivorous mammals (Carnivora) of the bear (Ursidae), canine (Canidae), mustel (Mustelidae), and feline (Felidae) families. Natural reservoirs with varying degrees of extensiveness and intensity of invasion in wild animals determine danger of transition of invasion into the synanthropic environment with the formation of local foci. The presence of foci at risk of infection depends on the frequency of contact with the invasive onset. In view of local synanthropic and natural diffuse foci found in different parts of the Ural Federal District, adverse anthropogenic impacts, and complicated socio-economic problems, the need for epidemiological monitoring (both epidemiological and epizootiological observations) of biocenotic components of the territories acquires special importance and requires constant attention of responsible governmental services to the epizootic and epidemiological situation.

МАЛЫЕ И МИКРОПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ КАК ОСНОВА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The article highlights topical issues related to small business and microenterprises as the main subject of the region's development. The normative-legal acts in this direction are analyzed. The indicators of the turnover of small and microenterprises in the context of the subjects of the Central Federal District of Russia for 2018–2019, as well as the number of people employed in the economy, are analyzed. The infrastructural objects of support of business structures operating on the territory of the region are given. A new financial infrastructure mechanism for supporting business structures in the region is proposed. Keywords: small and microenterprises, national project, turnover, number of employees, infrastructure facilities, region, subject, umbrella guarantees.

Status and dynamics of parameters of use of bed capacity of oncological profile in Russian Federation

In the Russian Federation (RF) a steady growth of morbidity with oncologic diseases is observed. An important factor of reduction of negative influence of oncopathology on the parameters of public health is provision of the population with specialists and beds of oncological profile, as well as their effective use.
 Aim. To determine the status and identify dynamics of the main parameters of use of beds of oncological profile of the state healthcare system of RF, federal districts and constituent entities of RF in comparison with tendencies of parameters of morbidity with malignant neoplasms, and also of provision of the population with medical personnel in the period from 2010 to 2019.
 Materials and Methods. Using the data of the Federal statistical observation forms (№30, 47, 14LC, 7) based on the calculation of absolute and relative parameters by the descriptive statistics method, the analysis of the main parameters of the use of bed resources of oncology profile was carried out in comparison with the parameters of morbidity with malignant neoplasms and provision of the population with medical personnel in 24-hour and day-stay hospitals in the Russian Federation, federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2010-2019.
 Results. During the study period, with the underlying increase in the morbidity of the population with diseases of neoplasm class (primarily, malignant) in the Russian Federation, there was found a regular increase in: the absolute number of oncological beds for 24-hour stay by 5.216 beds (+16.8%), provision with these beds from 2.17 to 2.47 per 10 000 population (+13.8%), hospitalization rate from 6.1 to 9.6 per 1000 population (+57.4%); and a decrease in: average stay in an oncological bed by 3.7 days (-30.6%, from 12.1 to 8.4 days), and the average bed occupancy by 15 days per year (-4.3%, from 345 to 330 days). Mortality in cancer beds increased from 0.76% in 2010 to 0.95% in 2019 (by 25.0%). There was an increase in the provision of the population with oncological beds in day-stay hospitals by 3.4 times, in day-stay hospitals of polyclinics by 63.6%.
 Conclusion. With the underlying growth of oncological morbidity in the country, the bed capacity of the oncological profile of 24-hour and day hospitals has significantly increased, with a high level of disproportional development of the bed capacity both between federal districts and between the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Федеральные НМИЦ и кафедры глазных болезней – определяющие структурные элементы обеспечения процессов аккредитации и аттестации кадрового ресурса офтальмологической службы в федеральных округах России

Федеральные НМИЦ и кафедры глазных болезней – определяющие структурные элементы обеспечения процессов аккредитации и аттестации кадрового ресурса офтальмологической службы в федеральных округах России

Determinants of Tax Capacity for a Territory (The Case of the Russian Federal Districts)

Determinants of Tax Capacity for a Territory (The Case of the Russian Federal Districts)

Regional Development and the Education System in the Context of Digital Transformation

The paper aims to assess how the existing imbalance between the education system and the regional economy influences the formation of spatial inequality and uneven economic development. Based on the structural and comparative analysis of data on Russia and China as the members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, we demonstrate that the technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution shift the demand for highly skilled labour force. This situation leads to the gap between labour demand and supply, as the education systems are oriented to the economic needs of the 3rd Industrial Revolution. We consider cross-country differences in the quantity of STEM graduates and researchers (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as a possible cause of spatial inequality in the context of digital transformation. Further, on the example of Russia, we apply correlation and regression analysis to show that the discrepancy between the skill level of graduates and market expectations contributes to regional development inequality. We demonstrate the strong relationship between the share of unemployed persons among the economically active population and the skills of the labour force for all federal districts of the Russian Federation. On average, an increase in the share of employees with higher or secondary vocational education by 1 % decreases unemployment by 0.32 %. Additionally, in all federal districts of Russia, there is a discrepancy between the economic need for highly qualified workers with higher education and the education system producing too many specialists with secondary vocational education. The discrepancy between the structure of skilled labour force produced by the education system and the employment structure in the labour market by 10 % increases unemployment by almost 1 %. The results of the study can be used by the government for creating the development strategy of the education system and reducing spatial inequality.

Parameters for evaluating the main indicators of coloproctological care in the adult population in the subjects of the far Eastern Federal District in 2016–2018

Aim.To work out the unified model for description of coloproctological service at the level of federal district.Material and methods.The study is the summary analysis of data from the annual statistical observation “The Report of the Chief Coloproctologist of the Russian Federal District” in 2016–2018. The analysis included the following stages: the estimation of staff situation; the assessment of the main parameters of out- and inpatient coloproctological care in 2018 in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) and in its federal subjects.Results.Staff number of doctors in federal subjects of the FEFD did not change significantly in 2016-2018, it was 0.7 per 100 thousand population. An extremely low availability of outpatient consultation of coloproctologist in all federal subjects of FEFD was found (550.2 per 100 thousand population vs 3000 per 100 thousand population in Russian Federation). The incidence of colonoscopy is the lowest among all Federal Districts of Russia as well – 5.5%. A mean number of endoscopists is above 7.0 per 100 thousand population, which can be considered as the minimal threshold parameter. The total average staffing of endoscopists in the far Eastern Federal district was 86.0% in 2016, 87.3% – in 2017, 85.8% – in 2018. The staffing situation improved in Khabarovsk Territory and in Sakhalin Region while other federal subjects showed negative trend.Conclusion.The analyzed parameters can be considered as an objective tool for the assessment of coloproctological care efficacy. In the FEFD it needs further development.

Comparative Nature Management Risk Assessment in the Russian Federation Districts

A method for assessing the risk of nature management and its mapping in the Russian Federation Districts: federal districts and constituent entities of the Siberian Federal District is proposed. The assessments were carried out for a comprehensive analysis of the Russian Federation Districts as a single administrative-territorial entity according to their own established factors of dangerous natural processes and the parameters of protection against natural disasters. A comparative analysis of the proposed methodology with existing approaches to assessing the risk of hazardous natural processes for the Russian Federation Districts is carried out. The risk of nature management equally depends on both the nature of the danger and the protection against natural disasters, in other words — both on the natural and socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation Districts. In many cases, the indicator of protection against natural disasters even plays a leading role, since its assessment includes current socio-economic characteristics that determine the real ability of management structures to predict and deal with the consequences of natural disasters, as well as psychological indicators, i.e. the will and sequence of actions of managers in making specific decisions on environmental management in a risky environment.

Картографирование риска природопользования в субъектах Российской Федерации

The authors present a method of assessing the risk of nature management and its mapping in the Russian Federation constituent entities and those of the Siberian Federal District. The assessments were carried out for a comprehensive analysis of the Russian Federation Districts as a single administrative-territorial entity according to their own established factors of environmentally dangerous processes and the parameters of protection against natural disasters. The risk of nature management equally depends on both the type of the danger and the protection against natural disasters, in other words – on both the natural and socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation Districts. In many cases, the indicator of protection against natural disasters plays even a leading part, since its assessment includes current socio-economic characteristics that determine the real ability of management structures to predict and deal with the consequences of natural disasters, as well as psychological indicators, i.e. the will and sequence of the managers’ actions in making specific resolutions on environmental management under risky conditions.

FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE POPULATION: DIFFERENTIATION BY FEDERAL DISTRICTS

The article presents a secondary analysis of the results of all-Russian population surveys aimed at studying financial accessibility to the basic set of financial services of the entire population of the country, as well as small and medium-sized businesses. The authors draw attention to the significant differentiation of the financial knowledge indicator values across the Federal districts of Russia and the dynamics of this indicator. The results obtained cannot be interpreted unambiguously due to the closed nature of the source data. It is concluded that it is necessary to further study the identified differences in order to ensure the effectiveness of Federal and regional authorities to improve financial literacy of Russians.

Эффекты цифровой трансформации экономики и качества жизни населения в России

This paper deals with the process of digital transformation, its effects and their distribution in the regional aspect. The research is an attempt to define the influence of digital factors on the main indicator of people’s wealth (gross domestic product per capita) considering regional and temporal differences during the period from 2015 to 2018 in the regions of the Russian Federation. The digital component of people’s quality of life is defined based on the Russian regional index (digital index). To estimate the effects, panel data models were used to show the relationships between the parameters in space and time simultaneously for the period from 2015 to 2018. The econometric models surved as a tool for evaluating: 1) influence of the digital index on the real GRP per capita; 2) its influence on the real GRP per capita considering temporal and regional differences. To specify regional differences, digital inequality in the districts and subjects of the Russian Federation was considered. The research findings showed that the Russian regional index of digital component of people’s quality of life grew by 0.051 during the years 2015–2018. Regional factors strongly affect the impact of this index on real GRP per capita. The number of regions with negative corrected elasticity ratios (adjusted appropriately for differences in regions and period) decreased by 5. Variation ratio of the digital index decreased by 10.2%. Compared to the rest of the Russian federal districts, Ural and Northern Caucasus ones demonstrate higher digital inequality. In general, the positive impact of digitalization is identified for economically developed and rich regions of Russia, while for less developed regions, this impact could entail digital risks.

Безработица и доходы как факторы экономической преступности: исследование по данным федеральных округов России

The article consists of theoretical and empirical parts. In the theoretical part, the authors review domestic statistical models describing the level of economic crime and the factors that influence it. At the first stage of the empirical part, the authors compare the median values of the level of economic crime in the Federal districts of Russia from 2010 to 2019 and check the statistical significance of the differences. At the second stage, the impact of the unemployment rate, the amount of per capita income and their interaction on the level of economic crime in the country's regions is estimated. As a result of determining the impact of socio-economic factors on the crime rate, a grouping of Federal districts of Russia was carried out.