Russian Border Research Articles

ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატებისა და რუსეთის ურთიერთობები ახლო აღმოსავლეთის რეგიონში

The main global geopolitical discourse of the 20th century was to divide the world into two parts, the spheres of influence of Soviet and West. The United States was the leader of the West, which was perceived by Russia as a major geopolitical opponent. The political leadership of Russia, at first with inertia, and then thoroughly continued this course of Soviet Union. The US authorities showed a relatively less reactional policy on the Russian Federation than it did to the Soviet Union. However, the final cooperative agreement on the main geopolitical issues has not been reached between the two states. The Persian Gulf and the Middle Eastern region in general have always been a wide area of interest to Russia. Such a persistent interest in the region is due to a very simple reason – the Middle East is the southern flank of Russia's borders. Consequently, Russia's foreign policy will always have a leading influence in the region. Consequently, the US – Russia interests also appear in this region. One of the leading directions in Russia's geopolitics is the United States. Currently, there is a highly tense relationship between the US and Russia due to the Ukrainian war. Nevertheless, both large international actors are more or less aware of how much their relationship depends on the fate of humanity as a whole. Russia and the US were allies in World War II. This historical memory also exists between them, but ideological and civilizational differences have not allowed the parties to lay the groundwork for somewhat peaceful and fair world. Relationships between them are more rivalry than cooperation. At present, Russia has imposed heavy economic sanctions from the US and the West.

Outdoor activities foster local plant knowledge in Karelia, NE Europe

Wild edible plants, particularly berries, are relevant nutritional elements in the Nordic countries. In contrast to decreasing global trends, approximately 60% of the Finnish population is actively involved in (berry) foraging. We conducted 67 interviews with Finns and Karelians living in Finnish Karelia to: (a) detect the use of wild edible plants, (b) compare those results with the published data about neighbouring Russian Karelians, and (c) document the sources of local plant knowledge. The results revealed three main findings. First, we observed a similarity in wild food plant knowledge among Karelians and Finns from Karelia. Second, we detected divergences in wild food plant knowledge among Karelians living on both sides of the Finnish–Russian border. Third, the sources of local plant knowledge include vertical transmission, acquisition through literary sources, acquisition from “green” nature shops promoting healthy lifestyles, childhood foraging activities performed during the famine period following WWII, and outdoor recreational activities. We argue that the last two types of activities in particular may have influenced knowledge and connectedness with the surrounding environment and its resources at a stage of life that is crucial for shaping adult environmental behaviours. Future research should address the role of outdoor activities in maintaining (and possibly enhancing) local ecological knowledge in the Nordic countries.

Military-Administrative and Demographic Aspects of the Kuban Cossack Settlements Formation on the Adagum Cordon Line in the Trans-Kuban (1860s)

Based on documentary materials, this paper reviews the development of Northwestern Caucasus by the Cossacks in the 1860s. For the development of new territories, a defensive-offensive strategy was used. With the help of fortified settlement structures, the advancement and retention of Russian borders in the trans-Kuban areas were carried out.
 The “inducted” settlements are of particular interest because they were invariably tied to the cordon lines during the settlement period of the Trans-Kuban region. Among them, Cossack villages were the most stable settlement type. The focus of the scientific problem is the civil-settlement aspect and the military-organizational narrative of the Adagum cordon line. Historical settlements arose from a complex interweaving of politics and geography, power, and settlement modus vivendi, reflecting not only the Cossacks' way of life but also their identity.
 The purpose of this paper is to analyze and determine the significance of the Cossack settlement structures throughout the regional historical process to understand the process of development of the Trans-Kuban areas and the emerging network of fortification objects with key settlement structures in the form of fortified stanitsa settlements, as well as the penetration of Russian influence into a new area of the historical region of Kuban.
 This article is intended for historians and anyone interested in the history of the Cossacks.

Performance Evaluation of Multi-Typed Precipitation Products for Agricultural Research in the Amur River Basin over the Sino–Russian Border Region

Precipitation data are crucial for research on agricultural production, vegetation growth, and other topics related to environmental resources and ecology. With an increasing number of multi-typed gridded precipitation products (PPs), it is important to validate the applicability of PPs and improve their subsequent monitoring capabilities to ensure accurate precipitation-based research. This study evaluates the performance of four mainstream PPs—European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis V5 (ERA5), ERA5-Land, Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), and integrated multi-satellite retrievals for the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)—in capturing the characteristics of precipitation intensity and derived agricultural drought in the crop-enrichment area over the Sino–Russian border region. The results show that, overall, GPM has the most balanced capability among the different experimental scenarios, with well-identified seasonal precipitation intensities. ERA5-Land had strong abilities in depicting annual distribution from spatial/stationary outcomes and obtained advantages in daily multi-parameter consistency verification. When evaluating monthly data in different agroclimatic areas, MSWEP and GPM had outstanding performances in the regions of Russia and China, respectively. For evaluating precipitation intensities and agricultural drought based on daily and monthly precipitation, MSWEP and GPM demonstrated finer performances based on combined agricultural thematic areas (ATAs). However, seasonal effects and affiliated material features were found to be the main factors in exhibiting identification capabilities under different scenarios. Despite good handling of intensity recognition in the eastern Chinese area, ERA5′s capabilities need to be improved by extending sources for calibrating gauged data and information on dry–wet conditions. Overall, this study provides insight into the characterization of PP performances and supports optimal product selection for different applications.

Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Lumpy Skin Disease Occurrence in the Asian Continent during 2012–2022: An Ecological Niche Model

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary infectious disease of animals with high morbidity and low mortality rates. The infection occurs in cattle, buffalo, and some closely related wild animals, with cattle and buffalo showing higher susceptibility than other species. The primary mode of disease transmission is the mechanical dispersion of bloodsucking insects. The disease symptoms, including animal fur damage, weight loss, decline in milk production, infertility, and miscarriage, lead to huge economic losses in regions and countries with LSD outbreaks. The present study aimed to analyze the incidence data of LSD in the Asian continent from January 2012 to September 2022, identify spatiotemporal clusters and risk factors of the disease, and establish a maximum entropy ecological niche model to predict high-risk areas for disease outbreaks. The studied variables included bioclimatic factors, land type, and population density. Following the screening process, 12 variables were included in the maximum entropy model. Among them, the variable contribution rates of cattle density, land cover, isothermality, buffalo density, and maximum temperature of the warmest month were 53.8%, 10.9%, 9.2%, 8.9%, and 8%, respectively. Accounting for more than 90% of the total variable contribution rate, these five variables were considered to be the important influencing factors of LSD outbreaks. According to the results, nine spatiotemporal clusters approximately matched the high-risk areas predicted by the model. The Caucasus region of Russia; the Russian border areas of Kazakhstan, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Israel; and the western regions of Iran, India, and Southeast Asia were predicted to be high-risk areas. Thus, this study provides the spatiotemporal clusters, risk factors, and high-risk areas of LSD outbreaks in the Asian continent, which can help formulate more effective disease prevention and control policies.

The Issue of ‘Heixiazi Island’ on the Eastern Border Between China and the Soviet Union (Russia)

In order to resolve the bilateral land border issue, from 1964 to 2004, the governments of China and the Soviet Union (Russia) held four rounds of diplomatic negotiations, and finally resolved this historical issue that affects the healthy development of bilateral relations by delimiting the border between China and Russia which is about 4,300 kilometers long. Due to its special nature and historical status, the issue of Heixiazi Island has always been an important factor affecting the historical process and even the outcome of Sino-Soviet (Russian) border negotiations. This article mainly reviews the negotiation history of the Heixiazi Island issue and analyzes the positions and viewpoints held by China and the Soviet Union during the negotiations. A brief comment is also made on the settlement of the Heixiazi Island issue through negotiations from the perspective of international law.

Mobilization readiness of the state: issues of theory and practice

The mobilization readiness of the state and the effective and sufficient measures preceding it for planning mobilization training at all levels of government, in the sectoral context of the Russian economy, Russian society and an individual citizen in modern foreign policy conditions, conditions of foreign economic sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation from many, primarily Western European countries and the United States and the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine are becoming the most important a factor of national security. The modern geopolitical process is also characterized by the increasingly aggressive policy of the NATO military bloc, which is rapidly moving towards the borders of the Russian Federation, which raises the urgency of the problems of vulnerability and the real creation of an unstable situation on Russia’s western borders. Georgia has also recently been characterized by an unstable political situation, the goal of which has already been announced by many military experts and political scientists in the media to create a second front against the Russian Federation. Acts of international terrorism, sabotage, attempts to destabilize the situation in Crimea, incessant killings of civilians in the DPR and LPR, regular shelling of Russian border territories — Belgorod, Kursk and Bryansk regions — continue.In such conditions, not only strategic planning of mobilization measures becomes relevant, but also mobilization as an operational process.

ОПЫТ ЛИЦЕНЗИРОВАНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И МОНГОЛИИ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ

One of the topical issues arising in the state regulation of entrepreneurial activity in any state is the use of such a method of implementing executive power as licensing of certain types of activities. Mongolia occupies a special place among friendly countries and bordering Russia in the north. In this regard, I would like to conduct a comparative legal study of the licensing institute in both countries. This article examines the fundamental provisions of licenses, their types, licensing as an administrative procedure. Special attention is paid to the conduct of licensing control and within its framework the most effective institution of administrative responsibility applied for the commission of administrative offenses in the field of licensing. The types of administrative penalties 
 are investigated and their effectiveness in both countries is considered. In conclusion, the author notes the prospects for the modernization of legislation in the field of licensing and makes suggestions for its improvement.

Ethnic factor in electoral behavior in Latvia: spatial effect

The article analyses the way the spatial effect is reflected in the ethnic voting in Latvia at the parliamentary elections of 2011, 2014 and 2018. The study reveals that the electoral support of both parties relying on Russian-speaking voters correlates with the share of Russians living in a municipality. However, in case of Social Democratic Party "Harmony" the correlation is higher than that of the Latvian Russian Union. The local indicators of spatial association display neighborhood clusters of high support of these parties in Latgale and those of low support in Kurzeme. The shape of these clusters does not change considerably from one electoral cycle to another. Municipalities with primarily non-Latvian population in Eastern Latgale close to the border with Russia and Belarus differ in their electoral behavior the most. Electoral zoning of Latvia by the method of spatially constrained hierarchical clustering based on the results of all parliamentary parties first and foremost indicates the cluster close to the border of Latvia with Russia and Belarus. Moreover, the cleavage in electoral behavior between these Latgalian municipalities and other Latvian regions appears to be the strongest not only in the Latvian context, but in comparison with electoral cleavages in eleven other countries bordering Russia.

Система обороны Юга России накануне строительства Белгородской черты

Introduction. In 1635, construction began on the Belgorod line, a large-scale military-defensive complex on the southern borders of Russia. This construction was completed in 1658. The Belgorod line played an important role in history, made possible to start the process of full-fledged economic development of a vast fertile region, and had a beneficial effect on population growth and the development of the local market. Erecting the line was a difficult task; it took much effort in this process. It is important for us to understand the events before construction. Methods. The author of the article focuses on the history of the organization of the defense of the South of Russia according to the data of the “Brown List of Servicemen” (1625). This interesting archival source is almost unknown in the scientific world. The list reflects not only the organization of border defense, but also the social composition of the population. As a result, it is concluded that maintaining the combat capability of the southern borders was possible only under conditions of permanent deployment of large regiments in the area of the Oka River. Results. The organization of this service required much money and effort, but at the same time the fertile southern region could not fully develop. Farming was impossible. Tatars often attacked. As soon as the weakening of the local garrisons began in 1630, the Crimean authorities sent huge troops to the Russian borderlands. The outbreak of the “Big War” forced Moscow to reconsider the organization of the defense and move to a systematic military-defensive construction. This was the background of the Belgorod line.

Nuclear Parity — Objective Stability Factor of Multipolar World

The article studies the phenomenon of nuclear parity, which serves as a guarantee of preventing a new war at the nuclear level. The author reveals the essence and traces the process of the formation of nuclear parity between the leading nuclear powers — the USA and the USSR/Russia. The author convincingly shows that at present nuclear parity is undergoing significant erosion due to the US desire to dominate in the military-strategic field, which upsets the existing balance of forces in the world and leads to destabilization of the international situation. The author reveals such concepts as "nuclear club" and "nuclear triad". The author pays special attention to NATO, rightly pointing out that Russia is concerned not only by its territorial expansion, but by the desire of the United States to deploy nuclear weapons in NATO member countries in Europe near Russia's borders, which poses a threat to its security. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that US nuclear hegemony is unacceptable, but only leads to a new round of the arms race, including tactical nuclear weapons. Nuclear parity, according to the author, is an objective factor that makes up the stability of a multipolar world without global wars.

STUDY OF THE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF THE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE ERA OF NEW MEDIA

Project description. This article is the result of the research project in the field of art of Heilongjiang Province "Research on the spread of non-material culture of Heilongjiang Province, bordering Russia, within the framework of the One Belt, One Road Initiative" (No. 20180028).
 With the rapid development of the economy, the preservation of national and local cultural heritage acquires new features. The era of new media provides new opportunities for the dissemination of the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.
 This article explores the strategy for disseminating the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in the era of new media from the point of view of the subjects of communication, the platform of communication and the content of communication, in order to transfer experience in the preservation, updating and promotion of the intangible cultural heritage to ethnic minority areas.
 Relevance. Nowadays in the era of globalization of all aspects of the life of countries and peoples, it is very important to preserve their national roots, not to lose their culture and identity. Therefore, intangible cultural heritage is a powerful evidence of the development of Chinese history.
 The task is to analyze the strategies for disseminating the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in the era of modern media.
 The scientific novelty of this work lies in the dissemination of intangible cultural heritage in the era of modern media and their transfer to the future generation.
 China and Russia have centuries-old history and excellent intangible cultural heritage. Each country has its own unique national culture. Cultural ties between Russia and China today have reached a new level, are actively developing, covering almost all areas: science, tourism, education, art, etc. Russians and Chinese have a growing interest in all spheres of life of each other's peoples. The fascination of Russian contemporaries (especially young people) with the cultural traditions of the Chinese is associated with the process of globalization of culture and the consequences of national identity.

Russian-Kazakh transboundary water bodies: typology, dynamics, economic significance

The issues related to transboundary reservoirs in the state border zone of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan are analysed and their typology is articulated. Issues concerning the legal definition of the concept of "transboundary water body" in the legislation of the two countries are outlined. As a result of comparative decoding of differenttime images of remote satellite sensing of the earth, border sections where the course of rivers change were identified.Aim. To analyse and classify transboundary water bodies on sections of the state border of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan and identify problematic situations.Material and Methods. The study of these transboundary water bodies was carried out on the basis of both the analysis of interstate agreements on the delineation of the border of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, the use of cartographic methods and the analysis of retrospective satellite images.Results. Inconsistencies in the level of legal definition of the concept of "transboundary water body" in the legislation of the two countries are shown. Transboundary water bodies on the state border of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan have been identified and classified. Based on a retrospective analysis of satellite images, problematic situations arising from changes in the location of water bodies as a result of channel deformations of transboundary rivers and fluctuation of lakes have been identified.Conclusions. According to the results of this work, all waterbodies located in the state border zone along its entire length have been identified. A typology of these has been carried out and the length of boundary watercourse sections has been established. Using the example of the transborder Ural River, the situation of the section of the river along which the state border lies is shown with an analysis of the changes in the channel and their dynamics.

Высокогорный природный парк «Ак Чолушпа» как территория экотуристского интереса

Высокогорный природный парк «Ак Чолушпа» как территория экотуристского интереса

Legal foundations of the national security of the Russian Federation

This article is based on the results of the historical and legal analysis of sources and documentation, which investigated the concept and structural features of the legal regulation of national security. The article identifies concepts and approaches to the formulation of the concept of "national security". The historical cross-section of the formation of the legal regulation of Russia's national security programs has also been studied. Method, methodology of the study. In the process of working on the article, relevant research tools and techniques of the general scientific type were used, as well as such methods of scientific cognition as analysis (including historical and legal, synthesis, method of abstraction and modeling, system-structural approach, functional and formal-logical methods). Thanks to the use of a system-legal approach, it became possible to build a hierarchy of existing regulatory legal acts that perform the role of regulators in matters of national security of the Russian Federation. The issues of protecting the security of the state and strengthening it serve as the foundation for protecting the vital values of the country and its interests. Due to the increase in the level of military threat and tension since 2014, as well as the intensification of this threat since the beginning of a special military operation in February 2022 by Russia in Ukraine, there is an objective need for an operational, strategic response of the state system to new military challenges and threats to the national security system of the country. The threat is the strengthening of destructive tendencies in the activities of Western states, the formation of foreign military-power infrastructure formations near the Russian borders, which can be considered as a source of risk and a possible springboard for future military operations. There is also such a type of threat as a sharp decrease in the pace of international cooperation, cooperation in various areas. Against this background, the author of this article proposes the development and adoption of a new federal law "On national Security" for the Russian Constitution.

Factors of the formation of settlement systems at the present stage (South of the Russian Far East - Northeast of China).

The study examines the development of the Russian-Chinese border area, defines the existing settlement systems, identifies factors affecting their formation. It is noted that a continuous urbanized territory with an actively developing infrastructure has been formed on the Chinese side. On the part of the Russian border – a small population, a large number of non-growing settlements, with limited specialization. Large areas are formed on the basis of large cities. This trend has determined the direction of "One city – two states": (Khabarovsk – Fuyuan, Zabaikalsk – Manchuria; Blagoveshchensk – Heihe). In the conducted research, the object of study is settlement systems, the subject is the factors of their formation in modern conditions on the territory of the Russian–Chinese border. The aim is to identify the factors of the formation of settlement for further forecasting of the organization of the border territory of Russia and China. The current trend in the region under consideration is that the border spaces are becoming more interconnected with each other, forming a stable system of cross-border communications. And the introduction of sanctions against Russia, namely the "closure" of the European border, caused a change in the direction of the development vector "to the east", which can become a mechanism for the development of border territories. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the settlement of the south and the Far East at the present stage is considered – namely, the zone of active interaction between the two countries (Russia – China) – the territory along the border. The study identifies and examines the settlement systems of the border zone of Russia and China, as well as the factors of their formation (geographical, enographic, cultural, transport, educational and regional policy).

The Surnames of Old Believers in the Suwałki Region (According to Marriage and Death Records from 1924 to 1935)

The Schism of the Russian Orthodox Church was triggered by the church reforms in the second half of the 17th century. People protesting against the reforms were called Old Believers, Old Ritualists, schismatics or heretics. The church and state authorities persecuted these schismatics, leading to their migration to the outskirts of the country and beyond the borders of Russia. The first Old Believers arrived at the end of the 17th century in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was marked by relative religious tolerance.
 This article focuses on historical anthroponyms of the population of Old Believers in Suwałki, and analyzes data extracted from excerpts of parish registers of marriages and deaths (from 1924 to 1935). Based on the material, 83 surnames have been distinguished. The analysis of the collected material shows the anthroponymy of Old Believers in the Suwałki region contains Russian and Slavic features (71 anthroponyms of Russian origin; 12 foreign and hybrid surnames).

RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR OF 2022 : HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF TRAGEDY AND LESSONS FOR NEXT GENERATIONS OF UKRAINIANS

Problem statement. For many of our compatriots, the large-scale invasion of sovereign Ukraine by Russian troops on 24 February 2022 came as a complete suddenness, an extreme aggression by the so-called “brotherly people”. The Russian Federation has launched a full-scale invasion along the entire length of the common border, as well as from the territory of Belarus and the temporarily occupied Crimea, launched missile strikes against military and critical civilian infrastructure in the regions of Ukraine and continues to conduct military operations destroying cities, villages and the civilian population, perpetrating genocide against the Ukrainian people. But if we carefully analyse Ukrainian-Russian relations throughout the centuries of our non-neighbourliness, then the openly hostile attitude of today's the Russian establishment and the part of Russian society that supports it is not surprising. The purpose of the article is to conduct a historical analysis of the Russian aggression origins against the Ukrainian people, nation, state, culture, Ukrainians during the X−XXI centuries and outline the historical prospects of relations with the Russian state for the preservation and stable development of future generations of Ukrainians. Conclusions. The future of the Russian state depends entirely on the position of the civilized world. According to leading historians, with whom we fully agree, the destruction of the modern Russian empire could lead to the development of such post-imperial ethnic groups as the West Siberian, Far Eastern, Cossack pre-Caucasian, etc. At the same time, we can agree with British Prime Minister Boris Johnson on the coalition forming advisability of countries most interested in Russia's disarmament, which could include Britain, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and possibly Turkey. Such an alliance could be a powerful lever in opposing the revival of the Soviet Union, which was a “prison of nations” and has now been partially revived to force all civilized countries (especially those bordering Russia and Belarus) to consider further steps. So, let us remember and constantly remind our children that the policy of the Soviet leadership towards Ukraine was occupation, as well as the policy of the Russian Empire in the XIX century and the Russian Federation now. It consisted in purposeful actions to destroy Ukraine and the Ukrainian people as the bearer of national identity, history, culture and language in order to permanently consolidate the territory of Ukraine under Moscow's rule. Today, Ukraine is forced to defend its civilized European choice and state sovereignty from Russia. It is necessary to remember and prevent the mistakes and miscalculations that led to the defeat of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917−1921, the main of which were internal disagreements in the face of external aggression, which led to the occupation of the territory. Today we have a chance to end this war for the sovereignty of our state, for the life of the people in it and finally bury the empire of evil.

Pheromone-based monitoring of invasive alien insects along the border of Finland and Russia – methods and unintentionally caught species

Global trade provides pathways for the spread of invasive species. To tackle the threat, many countries have designated surveys that are typically conducted at the probable ports of entry. For Finland, the most north-eastern region of the European Union (EU), such site is the border with Russia and the imports of coniferous roundwood and wood chips. In this paper, we describe the monitoring systems based on pheromone-trapping for three EU-wide quarantine pests: Dendrolimus sibiricus, Polygraphus proximus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. We also list the non-target species caught in an exploratory survey using pheromone traps. During the three years of survey, no quarantine pests were detected, but 30 other species of insects were caught. Therefore, the monitoring – despite not detecting the target pests – provided information about the abundance of other species. As insect diversity reflects the status of the surrounding environment, the value of such data should be increased via co-operation among research institutes. Keywords: wood import, invasive alien species, monitoring, pest, forest damage, insect

О факте обнаружения и изъятия птенцов степного орла на таможне в Саратовской области, Россия

Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) is a rare bird inhabiting wide open areas. The species listed in the Red Book of the Saratov region as small-numbered, depressed category with a slow population decline. The species is included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (Bragin, Belik, 2021), Appendix 2 of CITES, Appendix 2 of the Berne Convention, Appendix 2 of the Bonn Convention. Currently, Steppe Eagle is encountered in the southeastern part of the Saratov region, in the Saratov Transvolga. Previously, scientists noted that the northwestern border of the species’ range is gradually moving towards Kazakhstan (Galushin, 2001). Three Steppe Eagle nestlings were seized at border control in Urban-type settlement Ozinki in the Saratov region, on the Russian border with Kazakhstan. The species of seized nestlings was determined after consultation with the staff of the Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RAS (Saratov). Institute staff recommended to transfer nestlings to the Khvalynsky National Park, and border service employees in the Saratov region delivered nestlings there on June 1, 2023. During an external examination, veterinarian determined that nestlings’ appearance was satisfactory, they could not fly, had moderate appetite, were weakened and needed veterinary care. Nestlings’ age estimated at the first month, sexes were not determined. During June 1–22, 2023, nestlings were fed and rehabilitated under the supervision of employees of the Teremok aviary farm of the Khvalynsky National Park. Fresh beef and water four times a day constituted their diet. Their bodies grew, and nestlings developed contour feathers (Fig. 1). However, on July 22, 2023, one nestling died and was removed from the enclosure to avoid the spread of infection to living nestlings. After an examination by an ornithologist, it was decided to send the biomaterial of the deceased nestling to the Federal State-Financed Institution “All-Russian Research Institute for Animal Protection” (Saratov branch) to clarify the cause of death. The autopsy report No. Sar23.P-1984 dated 07.07.2023 and bacteriological examination indicate that nestling died from acute heart failure (aerosacculitis, pericarditis) due to colibacillosis. The causative agent of colibacillosis, E. coli, was isolated from the nestling’s body. The above indicates the vulnerability of Steppe Eagle nestlings at the age of one month. It is necessary to develop standards for keeping these birds in captivity in the future. In nature, particularly strict rules and protective measures should be introduced in pre-nesting and nesting periods of eagles’ development. Employees of ecological education should teach local residents and students about the importance of preserving biodiversity and specifically about Steppe Eagle conservation.