Abstract
The adoption in 2015 of the Concept for the Development of Border Territories in the Far Eastern Federal District was the milestone in the process of identifying Russian border municipalities as a special object of state policy. The purpose of the article is to assess some intermediate results of the implementation of this Concept in the demographic sphere. Based on a comparative analysis of municipal and regional statistics, the author examines the current spatial distribution of the population in the border areas of Russia and China, its dynamics in 2012–2021, as well as the impact of the border policies of the two countries. The study leads to the conclusion that measures to optimize border infrastructure and establish preferential regimes, taken in the Russian Far East since the mid-2010s, could not change the negative trends in the demographic development of border municipalities
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