Russian Academy Of Sciences Research Articles

The System of Anticoincidence Detectors of Space-Based Gamma-Ray Telescope GAMMA-400: The Characteristics Obtained Using Positron Beam of Synchrotron S-25R “PAKHRA” of the Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

The System of Anticoincidence Detectors of Space-Based Gamma-Ray Telescope GAMMA-400: The Characteristics Obtained Using Positron Beam of Synchrotron S-25R “PAKHRA” of the Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Russia’s Science Policy in 2018–2022: Controversial Signals

The article analyzes the Russian science policy that has been implemented during last five years, after setting new goals in 2018. Science policy measures are examined in the projection of three actors. The first actor is the government that sets goals, systems of management and coordination, and allocates the funds. The second actor is the Russian Academy of Sciences, which performs an expert function. The third actor is university science, which has become the main beneficiary of state support in recent years. The aim of the article is to identify the key directions of the country’s science policy in projections of the readiness of the science system to the radically changed geopolitical conditions that have emerged in 2022. During the last five years, the system of science management has evolved towards increased centralization of power. Such system allows concentrating resources on key tasks. However, such tasks that would need centralized effort were not set. The main objectives of the science policy focused on the diversification and integration of the Russian science into the international scientific community (through the improvement of positions in the international ratings, growth of publications indexed in international databases, encouraging academic mobility). The result of the contradicting government policy was unpreparedness of the science sector to sanctions. The state was able to undertake only actions of immediate reaction; the time was lost to develop measures aimed at existence in isolation from key world scientific powers.

Modern problems of higher education development in Russia

The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main directions of development of the higher education system in Russia, which is currently under modernization and should receive new content in order to become adequate to the strategic goals and national priorities of our country in the new geopolitical conditions. The lessons of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine have shown the need to modernize our country’s higher education in the interests of developing the military-industrial complex and ensuring national security. At the same time, in order to improve the quality of education of engineering specialists, they also need systemic and humanitarian knowledge based on the latest achievements of domestic and world science. This knowledge is also necessary for other specialists with higher education in order for them to form a systemic type of thinking, which is required today to adequately counter the new challenges and threats of the 21st century.Materials and methods. In the course of the research, review publications were used on the current state of ensuring Russia’s national security by the necessary specialists with higher education, as well as on the projected challenges and threats to Russia’s national security, the counteraction of which requires adequate changes in the education system.The results of the study. As a result of the research, the structure of priority directions for the development of the higher education system in Russia for the period up to 2030 has been determined. The implementation of these directions will make this system more adequate to Russia’s strategic goals and national priorities for this period in the new geopolitical conditions. It is shown that one of the urgent tasks is the formation of a comprehensive information education system in our country, the conceptual foundations of which have been developed in the Russian Academy of Sciences. The tasks of the education system for the formation of a culture of safety in society are also considered – a new direction in the development of culture, which is already being formed and is a necessary condition for the further safe development of world civilization.

Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation and Sensitivity of Ocean Model State Variables to Observation Errors

The use of Four-Dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation technology in the context of sea dynamics problems, with a sensitivity analysis of model results to observation errors, is presented. The technology is applied to a numerical model of ocean circulation developed at the Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), with the use of the splitting method and complemented by 4D-Var data assimilation with covariance matrices of background and observation errors. The variational data assimilation involves iterative procedures to solve inverse problems so as to correct sea surface heat fluxes for the model under consideration. An algorithm is formulated to study the sensitivity of the model outputs, considered as output functions after assimilation, to the observation errors. The algorithm reveals the regions where the output function gradient is the largest for the average sea surface temperature (SST) in a selected area, obtained by assimilation. In the numerical experiments, a 4D variational problem of SST assimilation for the Baltic Sea area is solved.

Simulation of a proton beam facility in the TOPAS MC software package

The aim of this work is to simulate the formation system of therapeutic proton beams at the accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, using the TOPAS MC software package and to calculate, on this basis, the characteristics of irradiation of biological objects. As such characteristics, the dependence of the absorbed dose and linear energy transfer (LET) on the proton range in water and the effective dose of irradiation of HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines used in real experiments are considered. Also, the uniformity of irradiation with a high dose rate of the studied biological objects was evaluated during the operation of the radiation unit in FLASH-therapy modes. The research is aimed at preparing and conducting radiobiological experiments with proton beams with a record dose rate.

Validation of TROPOMI Satellite Measurements of the NO2 Content in the Troposphere and Stratosphere with Ground-Based Measurements at the Zvenigorod Scientific Station of A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Validation of TROPOMI Satellite Measurements of the NO2 Content in the Troposphere and Stratosphere with Ground-Based Measurements at the Zvenigorod Scientific Station of A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Explicit formulas are given for interpolating parabolic splines on a number line interval constructed by J. Favard in 1940. For approximations by these splines in the Sobolev classof twice differentiable functions, estimates for the norm of the second derivative and the approximation error in the uniform metric are established.

УСВОЕНИЕ ДАННЫХ ЭКСПЕДИЦИОННЫХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ И СОЛЕНОСТИ ВОДЫ В РАЙОНЕ ПРОЛИВА ДРЕЙКА

Results of numerical experiments on the assimilation of in situ temperature and salinity profiles observed in the region of Drake Passage (the South Atlantic) during the expedition of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in the autumn of 2011 into the INMOM model developed by Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of RAS are considered. The previously developed method of assimilation presented in several publications is used. As a result of some experiments, it has been shown that the structure of the anticyclonic circulation associated with the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence in the area of the Argentine Basin has been mostly affected by the expedition data assimilation. Assimilated fields of ocean temperature on the surface and at various horizons show better agreement with reanalysis data than corresponding fields without assimilation. It is also demonstrated that the influence of assimilation spreads much further beyond the local area of observations and leads to changing all calculated characteristics (not only observed ones).

Editors' Roundup: June 2023.

This commentary article represents the latest edition of the Biophysical Reviews 'Editors' Roundup' Series - a platform made available to the editorial board members of any journal with a genuine interest in promoting biophysical content. Each journal associated editor is able to submit a short description of up to five articles recently appearing in their journals with an explanation of why these articles are of interest. This edition (Vol. 15 Issue 3 June 2023) carries contributions from editorial members associated with Biophysics and Physicobiology (Biophysical Society of Japan), Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences), Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics (Springer), and Biophysical Reviews (IUPAB-International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics).

Memories of Professor Seiya Uyeda (1929 –2023)

UYEDA, Seiya was born on November 28, 1929 in Tokyo, Japan. He served initially as professor of geophysics at the Tokyo University until retiring in 1990. After this actuated in the Tokai University until 2008. During this period, he was a visiting scientist or professor at US and Europe as in Cambridge, Oxford, Stanford, California (UCSD), Columbia (LDGO), Pierre et Marie Curie and Texas A&M universities, and Massachusetts (MIT) and California (Caltech) Institutes of Technology. His research covered rock magnetism, marine and land terrestrial heat flow, plate tectonics, geodynamics of subduction zone/island arcs, and earthquake prediction by seismic-electromagnetic methods. He has served for international projects and organizations, such as International Geodynamics (GDP) and Ocean Drilling (IODP), International Unions of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and Geological Sciences (IUGS). He has been conferred an Honorary Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Athens, and foreign membership of United States National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Russian Academy of Sciences. These his many published scientific works he ended up receiving two awards throughout his career: Alexander Agassiz Medal, in 1972 and Walter H. Bucher Medal, in 1991.

The Series of Catastrophic Earthquakes of February 6, 2023, in Turkey and Variations in the Geophysical Fields

An analysis of variations in the microbaric background and the terrestrial magnetic and electric fields in the surface layer of the atmosphere accompanying strong earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Turkey, is presented. The analysis involved the results of instrumental observations performed at the Moscow Center for Geophysical Monitoring and the Mikhnevo Observatory (Institute of Geospheric Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences), as well as the data obtained by a number of magnetic observatories of the INTERMAGNET network. It is shown that, in addition to the seismic effect, these earthquakes were accompanied by variations in the magnetic and electric fields, as well as by the generation of infrasonic waves recorded at a considerable distance from the sources.

Photoinjector Complex at the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Physics: Calculated Parameters and Current Stage of Development

Photoinjector Complex at the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Physics: Calculated Parameters and Current Stage of Development

Radiation and Emission Phenomena in Combination

Radiation and Emission Phenomena in Combination

Научная рецензия на академическое издание: Славянский мир в настоящем и прошлом. Памяти Владимира Павловича Гудкова: сборник статей / под ред. Е. И. Якушкиной. М.: МАКС Пресс, 2022. 224 с.

Dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Russian Serbo-Croatian scholar V. P. Gudkov (1934-2020), the collection presents articles by his students and colleagues from Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska on the topical issues of studying and teaching Slavic languages and literatures, primarily (but not limited to) of the South Slavic area. The publication is addressed to a wide range of specialists in Slavic studies.

Three centuries of academic geography in Russia

Academic geography is one of the most demanding sciences in Russia. Over the 300 years of its development, it has covered a long way: the results obtained in numerous expeditions by generations of researchers contributed to the formation of a single geopolitical space of the country, the liquidation of blanks on the map of Northern Eurasia, and the mobilization of resources for the development of the economy. The academic geography of the 21st century, characterized by features of a worldview science, strives to respond effectively to the most topical modern challenges and to create, based on the latest research methods, the foundations for the future rational spatial development of Russia. This article traces the evolution of ideas, methods, and schools of geography in the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Scientific and Technical Achievements of Agricultural Engineering Organizations in the Context of Digital Transformation of Agriculture

The main scientific and technical achievements and research results for the year 2022 of agricultural scientific institutions are presented. Institutions are under the scientific and methodological leadership of the agricultural science department of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on the scientific and methodological leadership of the agricultural sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on the fundamental problems and principles of the development of intensive machine technologies, energy-saturated agricultural technology of the new generation, robotized and mobile energy tools, the use of digital systems with elements of artificial intelligence for the production of the main types of competitive agricultural products, the development of effective energy supply systems, energy resource, renewable energy, electrotechnologies of automated and robotic tools of technical service, etc.

Sensitivity of Functionals of the Solution to the Variational Assimilation Problem to the Input Data on the Heat Flux for a Model of Sea Thermodynamics

For the mathematical model of the sea thermodynamics developed at the Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, the problem of variational assimilation of observational data in order to recover heat fluxes on the sea surface is considered. The sensitivity of functionals of the solution to the input data on the heat flux in this problem is studied, and the results of numerical experiments for the model of Black Sea dynamics are presented.

THE THERIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IS 50 YEARS OLD

The history of the creation of the Theriological Society at the Russian Academy of Sciences and its activities for 50 years are considered.

The Forth Serbian Studies Workshop “Dominants of Serbian Cultures. Language, History and Culture of Kosovo and Metohija”

The article is about the three-day scientific and practical school of Serbian studies, dedicated to the language, history and culture of Kosovo and Metohija. Students and postgraduate students from different cities of Russia, as well as from Belarus, Serbia and the Republika Srpska participated in the event. They listened to lectures by professors of Serbian studies and researchers from the Russian Academy of Sciences, and presented their own research in the field of the Serbian language and culture. The program of the school also included cultural and entertainment events, such as the performance of the music group Balkanimans, a visit to the Embassy of Serbia, an excursion to the Moscow Kremlin and a meeting with graduates of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University.

Scientific and Technical Achievements of Agricultural Engineering Organizations in the Context of Digital Transformation of Agriculture

The main scientific and technical achievements and research results for the year 2022 of agricultural scientific institutions are presented. Institutions are under the scientific and methodological leadership of the agricultural science department of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on the scientific and methodological leadership of the agricultural sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on the fundamental problems and principles of the development of intensive machine technologies, energy-saturated agricultural technology of the new generation, robotized and mobile energy tools, the use of digital systems with elements of artificial intelligence for the production of the main types of competitive agricultural products, the development of effective energy supply systems, energy resource, renewable energy, electrotechnologies of automated and robotic tools of technical service, etc.