Russian Academy Of Science Research Articles

Andrej Mazurkevich, Maria Polkovnikova and Ekaterina Dolbunova, eds. Археология озерных поселений IV–II тыс. до н. э.: Хронология культур и природно-климатические ритмы. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной полувековому исследованию свайных поселений на Северо-Западе России. Санкт-Петербург, 13–15 ноября 2014 г./Archaeology of Lake Settlements IV–II mill BC: Chronology of Cultures, Environment and Paleoclimatic Rhythms. Materials of [an] International Conference Dedicated [to] the Semi-Centennial Anniversary

Andrej Mazurkevich, Maria Polkovnikova and Ekaterina Dolbunova, eds. Археология озерных поселений IV–II тыс. до н. э.: Хронология культур и природно-климатические ритмы. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной полувековому исследованию свайных поселений на Северо-Западе России. Санкт-Петербург, 13–15 ноября 2014 г./Archaeology of Lake Settlements IV–II mill BC: Chronology of Cultures, Environment and Paleoclimatic Rhythms. Materials of [an] International Conference Dedicated [to] the Semi-Centennial Anniversary of the Researches of Lake Dwellings in North-Western Russia, Saint-Petersburg, 13–15 November 2014 (Saint Petersburg: The State Hermitage Museum, Russian Academy of Science, Institute for the History of Material Culture, Herzen State University, UMR 8215 CNRS. Trajectoires, 2014, 327pp., 79 b/w figs., 22 tables, pbk, ISBN 978-5-93572-569-3) - Volume 19 Issue 2

Rankings in education: history and critical analysis of rates

The history of rankings, mechanisms of their appearing and reasons of their popularity are little scrutinized yet although they are widely spread in the modern information flow, they are widely used during the evaluation for organizations of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia and the Russian Academy of Science as key indices.

Temperature fluctuations in a liquid metal MHD-flow in a horizontal inhomogeneously heated tube

The investigation of heat transfer characteristics during liquid metal flow in a horizontal tube with one-sided heating of the lower half of the tube is carried out. Experimental investigations are conducted using the mercury MHD complex of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and the Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science, in the context of a long-term collaboration program. The characteristics of the averaged and fluctuation temperatures are considered in different sections over the length of the heating zone in the area of a homogeneous transverse magnetic field. The laminar liquid metal flow revealed the occurrence and development of a low-frequency quasi-harmonic temperature fluctuation with great intensity.

Reprint of "Seismic monitoring of the Plosky Tolbachik eruption in 2012–2013 (Kamchatka Peninsula Russia)"

Abstract The active basaltic volcano Plosky Tolbachik (Pl. Tolbachik) is located in the southern part of the Klyuchevskoy volcano group on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The previous 1975–1976 Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (1975–1976 GTFE) occurred in the southern sector of Pl. Tolbachik. It was preceded by powerful earthquakes with local magnitudes between 2.5 and 4.9 and it was successfully predicted with a short-term forecast. The Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey (KBGS) of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS) began to publish the results of daily seismic monitoring of active Kamchatka volcanoes on the Internet in 2000. Unlike the 1975–1976 GTFE precursor, (1) seismicity before the 2012–2013 Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (2012–2013 TFE) was relatively weak and earthquake magnitudes did not exceed 2.5. (2) Precursory earthquake hypocenters at 0–5 km depth were concentrated mainly under the southeastern part of the volcano. (3) The frequency of events gradually increased in September 2012, and rose sharply on the eve of the eruption. (4) According to seismic data, the explosive-effusive 2012–2013 TFE began at ~ 05 h 15 min UTC on November 27, 2012; the outbreak occurred between the summit of the Pl. Tolbachik and the Northern Breakthrough of the 1975–1976 GTFE. (5) Because of bad weather, early interpretations of the onset time and the character of the eruption were made using seismological data only and were confirmed later by other monitoring methods. The eruption finished in early September 2013. This article presents the data obtained through real-time seismic monitoring and the results of retrospective analysis, with additional comments on the future monitoring of volcanic activity.

First record of the subfamily Anoplophilinae (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) from Russia with description of a new species of the genus Alpinanoplophilus Ishikawa, 1993.

The subfamily Anoplophilinae (Rhaphidophopridae) is recorded from Russia for the first time. Alpinanoplophilus kurilensis Storozhenko, sp. nov. is described from Kunashir Island. The holotype of the new species is deposited in the Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Science (St. Petersburg, Russia). A revised key to the species of the genus Alpinanoplophilus Ishikawa, 1993 is provided.

Global Mode Analysis in the L/T Transition of a Hypersonic Boundary Layer Forced by Wall Injection

The laminar-turbulent transition of a Mach 4.6 flat-plate boundary layer forced by wall injection is investigated using Implicit Large Eddy Simulation. The boundary layer edge conditions match those of a 1:3 scale hypersonic vehicle forebody at Mach number 6 in the T-313 blow-down wind tunnel of ITAM - Russian Academy of Science. Two different injection pressures are considered. The breakdown to turbulence is observed through instantaneous Q-criterion visualizations and wall pressure fluctuations. Global instability analysis is performed by the computation of Koopman modes from 2D pressure and density snapshots of the ILES flow field. Some coherence is found in the spatial structures and temporal frequencies of global modes computed on two different grids, indicating a weak dependency on grid resolution. Physical insight is gained, confirming different conjectured transition mechanisms for the different injection pressures.

О специфике использования фольклорных мотивов в художественной системе кабардинской прозы

Hagozheeva L.S. (Institute of researches in the Humanity field of Kabardino-Balkarsky scientific center of Russian Academy of Science) This paper explores the linkages between literature and folklore, the role and place of folklore motives in the works of Kabardinian writers. The analysis is carried out on the material of H. Teunov (story “Aslan”), A. Shortanov (novel “The Highlanders”), A. Keshokov (novels “The tops do not sleep,” “Broken Horseshoe”, “Roots”) and others. The article considers the problem in its evolutionary development from the period of the 1940s to the present. The main attention is paid to the study of the specific use of folk motifs, symbols and images in the works of a single artist’s words. If in the early periods of the formation of the national literature it was often observed directly “inclusive” folk motifs in artistic fabric of the work, in the 1980 - 1990-ies it is marked by the introduction of the organic folk motifs, images and symbolism in thematic and plot-compositional fabric of prose works. The constructive role of folklore consists not only in the private and purposeful use of legends, stories, parables, but in the plot-composite formation of works (A. Keshokov, T. Adygov etc.) The article concludes that in contemporary prose Kabardinian wisdom takes new moral and aesthetic value and meaning. Key words : folklore motifs, symbolism, evolution, epic genres, tradition, theme, plot, character. DOI: 10.18522/1995-0640-2015-4-36-44

European and Integration Studies

Soviet scientific school of pan-European integration studies began to emerge in the 1960s at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (Russian Academy of Science). Among the leading scientists who have developed methodological approaches of Soviet integration studies were M.M. Maximova, Y.A. Borko, Y. Shishkov, L.I. Capercaillie. Later, a new center for integration studies became the Institute of Europe, created in 1987. It was led by such renowned scientists as Academicians V.V. Zhurkin and N.P. Shmelev. In the 1980s the subject of the integration process in Europe attracted attention of experts from MGIMO. An important role in the development of school of integration research in the USSR was played by a MGIMO professor, head of the chair of history of international relations and foreign policy of the USSR V.B. Knyazhinskiy. His work contributed to the deliverance of the national scientific community from skepticism about the prospects for European integration. Ideas of V.B. Knyazhinsky are developed today in MGIMO by his followers A.V. Mal'gin and T.V. Ur'eva. In the mid-1990s, having retired from diplomatic service, professor Yu. Matveevskiy started to work at MGIMO. With a considerable practical experience in the field, he produced a series of monographs on the history of European integration. In his works, he analyses the development of integration processes in Western Europe from their inception to the present day, showing the gradual maturation of the necessary spiritual and material prerequisites for the start of integration and traces the various stages of the "integration". In the late 1990s, the growing demand from the domestic business and government for professionals who are capable of interacting with the European Union, has produced the necessary supply in the form of educational programs based on accumulated scientific knowledge. Setting up a discipline "European Integration" was a major step in the development of domestic science school integration research. The creation in 2003 at MGIMO of the first in Russia Department of European integration was a necessary and logical step.

Earth-crossing asteroid intercept mission with a solar sail spacecraft

A falling meteor that blazed and exploded over the Russian Ural Mountains on February 15, 2013, has been attracting attention from all over the world. It was estimated by the Russian Academy of Science and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that the meteor entered Earth's atmosphere at a speed of approximately 33–40 km/s. The energy released by the meteor is on the level of hundreds of kilotons of TNT. The threat posed by such falling meteors and Earth-crossing asteroids (ECAs) cannot be excluded as one of the most unpredictable risks to Earth and humans.

The Radiation Hard BGO Crystals for Astrophysics Applications

The scintillation crystal bismuth germanate Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (BGO) is widely used in many applications. The developed in the Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia, unique technique allows routine production of top quality large sized BGO crystals. One of the important properties of the scintillation crystal is its radiation hardness. The intensive study of the radiation hardness of BGO crystals has been carried out by the collaboration of the institutes of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk. The influence on radiation hardness of the raw material purity and growth procedure has been studied. The final tests of the crystal radiation hardness were done by irradiation with gamma rays from 137Cs radioactive source. The degradation of a light output of the best crystals is less than 10% after irradiation with expected at astrophysics experiment at satellite doses of 10–100 krad. Based on results of this research, the radiation hard BGO crystals for “INTEGRAL” and “ASTRO-H” satellite missions have been made. The self-recovering of the crystal light output is clearly seen. The time scale of the self-recovery strongly depends on a dose of the irradiation. It is days for 1 krad irradiation, weeks - for 10 krad irradiation and much more time is required for 100 krad irradiation. The all irradiated with 100 krad dose completely recover after annealing. It reveals that will be no essential degradation if this dose will be integrated over years of operation.

Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Transition Forced by Wall Injection: A Numerical Study

The laminar-turbulent transition of a Mach 4.6 flat-plate boundary layer forced by a wall underexpanded jet is investigated using implicit large-eddy simulation based on a fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme. The boundary-layer edge conditions match those of a -scale hypersonic vehicle forebody at Mach 6 in the T-313 conventional blowdown wind tunnel of the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Russian Academy of Science at Novosibirsk. The effects of injection pressure and jet pulsation on the structure and the stability of the near-injection flow are investigated. Downstream breakdown to turbulence is analyzed through -criterion visualization, mean velocity profiles, and skin friction coefficients. Results show that a low-pressure injection is enough for effective tripping, and that a nonpulsed jet is paradoxically more efficient than a pulsed one.

Magnetic location of a possible earthquake epicentre area: a mathematical model

We study one of the problems of the theory of seismo-electromagnetic methods of earthquake prediction, namely, the physical nature of magnetic location of a future epicentre. According to numerous magneto-telluric soundings and geological theory of ore genesis, high seismicity lithosphere zones typically contain structures with high electric conductivity of the order of 0.01–0.1 S/m. Taking account of this particularity of the seismically active lithosphere zones, we applied the physical theory of magneto-thermo-elasticity and formulated a mathematical model of magnetic location of an area emitting a seismically generated electromagnetic field (an area with repeated emissions is expected to be the epicentre area of a future earthquake). In other words, we explained, on a rational geological, physical, and mathematical basis, why it occurred to be possible that Prof. Kopytenko (IZMIRAN, Russian Academy of Science) and co-authors have localized the future epicentre area as the result of the magnetic field measurements.

Bibliometric Performance in Two Main Research Domains: The Russian Academy of Sciences and the Higher Education sector

Bibliometrics has become a very important tool in government science policy in nowadays Russia. The paper describes the bibliometric performance by two research communities: the Russian Academy of Science (RAS) and Higher education sector (HES). Sources were the Science Citation Index-Expanded for 2007-2011 and the Journal Citation Reports, 2010. More than 141,600 records and their citation scores were analyzed by broad subject categories, organizations, source of publications and share of internationally collaborative papers. Despite huge financial inflow in HES in the last seven year, RAS performance is still much stronger. The RAS is responsible for 56.3% of the research output, the HES for 42.6%. Research portfolio is focused on “hard sciences”. A significant involvement of RAS in collaboration with HES was observed. Its share of collaborative papers with HES increased from 26.6% in 2007 up to 33.8% in 2011. Federal Universities and National Research demonstrate more strong collaboration with the RAS. A special study was conducted of papers cited at least 30 times (1153 unique records). International collaboration had a significant impact on Russian citation scores. Among 1153 highly cited papers 86.6% were internationally collaborative papers. The RAS contributed 59.4% to number of highly cited papers, twice more than HES. Our data demonstrate a dominannce by Russian Academy of Sciences performance over performance of Higher Education Sector and provide a better empirical basis for science policy.

БИБЛЕЙСКИЕ СЮЖЕТЫ В ОСМЫСЛЕНИИ ПЕЧОРСКОГО КНИЖНИКА XIX ВЕКА И. С. МЯНДИНА

The paper offers a survey of manuscripts of a peasant, Old Believer and knizhnik I. S. Miandin (1823-1894, Ust'-Tsilma, Komi Republic) from the Old Manuscript Division of the IRLI (Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Science or Pushkinskiy Dom). Knizhnik, in the Russian tradition, is a scribe, who also can recite from memory the Scripture texts and the patristic tradition. Miandin left his recapitulations of the Old Believers literary tradition. He left few compilations, transcribed a number of Old Russian texts of various genres. In four convolutes, he collected Biblical stories taken from chronographs. Most of Miandin's stories recapitulate the Old Testament texts, but there are also legends from the early Christian history (e.g., The Story of Emperor Constantine and His Mother Helen). His major source was, in all probability, the copy of the Chronograph from the Old Believers tradition which he had in his possession (he lent it to a writer S. V. Maksimov and never received it back). The whereabouts of the Chronographer are not known. Some of the stories were significantly reworked by Miandin in comparison with the chronographic version. The latter include the stories of Joseph the Beautiful, King Solomon and Judith. Results of the study of Miandin's manuscripts: the first stage of his work is reflected in the IRLI reduction (Ust'-Tsil'ma collection #267), the second idem, #66, the third RNB NSRK O.100. The Biblical protagonists were interpreted according to the understanding of life by Pechora peasants. The peripeteias were related with an empathy as if they concerned next-door people. This attitude compelled the narrator to seek, from one version to the other, realistically convincing motivations for the action of the heroes.

Research performance by Federal and National Research Universities and impact of competitive funding on their publication activity

Bibliometrics has become a very important tool in government science policy in nowadays Russia. The paper describes the bibliometric performance by two research communities: the Russian Academy of Science (RAS) and Higher education sector (HES). Sources were the Science Citation Index-Expanded for 2007-2011 and the Journal Citation Reports, 2010. More than 141,600 records and their citation scores were analyzed by broad subject categories, organizations, source of publications and share of internationally collaborative papers. Despite huge financial inflow in HES in the last seven year, RAS performance is still much stronger. The RAS is responsible for 56.3% of the research output, the HES for 42.6%. Research portfolio is focused on “hard sciences”. A significant involvement of RAS in collaboration with HES was observed. Its share of collaborative papers with HES increased from 26.6% in 2007 up to 33.8% in 2011. Federal Universities and National Research demonstrate more strong collaboration with the RAS. A special study was conducted of papers cited at least 30 times (1153 unique records). International collaboration had a significant impact on Russian citation scores. Among 1153 highly cited papers 86.6% were internationally collaborative papers. The RAS contributed 59.4% to number of highly cited papers, twice more than HES. Our data demonstrate a dominannce by Russian Academy of Sciences performance over performance of Higher Education Sector and provide a better empirical basis for science policy.

Pollen morphology of Calochortus Pursh and its systematic position in the Liliaceae family

Pollen grain of eight species belonging to Calochortus were taken from the Herbarium in Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science (RAN) and were studied by Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains of all the studied species were single, heteropolar, bilaterally symmetrical, distal-monosulcate, flattened-spheroidal to oblate, in outline with a pole rounded-elliptical, with the equator - flattened. Surface ornamentation of pollen in this species Corrugated - punching but in C. albus is punching - Corrugated. Palynolomorphological data showed that in Comparasion with other genera of Liliaceae, Calochortus is similar to some of species in Tulipa and Fritillaria. Cluster analysis revealed two main groups in the studied species. Therefore, present research has aided the Liliaceae family can be divided into 3 tribes as: Tulipeae, Calochorteae, Lloydieae.

Political and Economic Results in July 2013

In July 2013, Russian opposition leader Aleksei Navalny was sentenced to five years in prison. It appears, however, that he would be allowed – on procedural grounds, since no appeal hearing has been held yet – to run for mayor in mayoral elections in Moscow on September 8, 2013. A combination of Kremlin’s decision to allow Navalny to run for mayor in the election and emonstration of the likelihood of his real imprisonment has made the upcoming Moscow mayoral elections highly politicized, boosted social activity, and may well result in problems for S. Sobyanin. With regard to the Navalny case itself, putting aside ethic ambiguity of the story about a timber trading company controlled by a friendly governor, it is technically another notorious confirmation of the fact that any business in Russia might just as well be criminalized through subjective evaluation of the ‘fair value’ by law enforcement authorities and courts. RAS (Russian Academy of Science) reform has been delayed as expected: the academic society has managed to come to President Putin’s attention and gain certain concessions from him.

Metapyroxenite in the mantle transition zone revealed from majorite inclusions in diamonds

Research Article| August 01, 2013 Metapyroxenite in the mantle transition zone revealed from majorite inclusions in diamonds Ekaterina S. Kiseeva; Ekaterina S. Kiseeva 1Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia *Current address: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3AN Oxford, UK. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gregory M. Yaxley; Gregory M. Yaxley 1Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Aleksandr S. Stepanov; Aleksandr S. Stepanov 1Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia2ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits and School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Hrvoje Tkalčić; Hrvoje Tkalčić 1Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Konstantin D. Litasov; Konstantin D. Litasov 3V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Vadim S. Kamenetsky Vadim S. Kamenetsky 2ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits and School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2013) 41 (8): 883–886. https://doi.org/10.1130/G34311.1 Article history received: 12 Dec 2012 rev-recd: 20 Mar 2013 accepted: 01 Apr 2013 first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Ekaterina S. Kiseeva, Gregory M. Yaxley, Aleksandr S. Stepanov, Hrvoje Tkalčić, Konstantin D. Litasov, Vadim S. Kamenetsky; Metapyroxenite in the mantle transition zone revealed from majorite inclusions in diamonds. Geology 2013;; 41 (8): 883–886. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G34311.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract The transition zone of the Earth’s mantle (the depth interval between two major seismic discontinuities at 410 km and 660 km) is critical to understanding our planet’s evolution. Some diamonds are thought to have originated in the transition zone and the inclusions found in them are the only samples of material directly extracted from this depth range. By comparing natural majorite garnet inclusions in diamonds with the compositions of experimentally crystallized majorite garnets, we determine two major compositional trends, the pure metabasitic (or eclogitic) trend and the combined metaperidotitic and metapyroxenitic trend, that are strongly correlated with their preferred substitution mechanisms during majorite formation. Based on these trends, we demonstrate that the majority of the reported majorite inclusions in natural diamonds formed neither in a pure metabasite nor in a metaperidotite lithology, but in fact crystallized from a wide range of compositions intermediate between conventional basaltic and peridotitic, referred to here as metapyroxenitic. Given the dominance of metapyroxenite-type majorite diamond inclusions and their inferred syngenetic origin, we argue that a significant fraction of metapyroxenite rock is present within Earth’s transition zone and is important in the diamond-forming process. This is in agreement with recent self-consistent seismological and/or mineral physics studies that support models of a lithologically heterogeneous transition zone. From trace element and carbon isotope features, we infer a crustal origin for these rocks. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Naive Wisdom of Tatyana Zaslavskaya

This is an extensive memorial obituary for prominent Russian sociologist Tatyana Ivanovna Zaslavskaya (1927-2013). The brief chronicle of her academic career and the list of Zaslavasky's major scientific works are supplemented with some existential reconstructions of the major events in her life, of which Zaslavskaya also paid great attention to in her autobiographical memories. A brief chronicle of her scientific career includes her studies at the Moscow State University, her work at the Institute of Economics, the Russian Academy of Science, and the Novosibirsk Academgorodok, her active part in Perestroika as the first head of the All-Union Center for Public Opinion Research, and finally, her work as the president of the Interdisciplinary Center for Social and Economic Sciences (Intertcentre) near the end of her life. Zaslavsky always stressed the importance of her senior teachers, G.G. Kotov, A.V. Sanina, V.G. Venzher, and I.A. Kronrod, with love and respect. Much of the attention in her autobiographical reflections is occupied in the studies of the interactions between the villages and towns of Russia and the USSR. Zaslavasky also considered ideological socio-political conflicts which provoked the Soviet party leadership around several scientific projects Zaslavskaya was involved in. The obituary emphasizes that Zaslavskaya was characterized as a scientist motivated by social activism and by her desire to contribute to the improvement of the research of Soviet and Russian society. Additionally, Zaslavskaya possessed modesty, humility, curiosity and naivety, the inherent qualities of a true scientist worthy as one of the classic examples of academic intelligence in the world.

SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT OF VEGETABLE, MELON, AND POTATO GROWING IN RUSSIA

The summary report of research investigations of the institutes of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Science, the Russian Academy of Science, and the Institutions of Higher Education in 2013 on the project «Development of new varieties and high-precision sustainable zonal technologies of vegetable and cucurbits crops growing with the use of new varieties and hybrids, high'quality seeds, advanced approaches of agro-techniques, plant protection, and mechanical equipments» is represented.