Rural Development In Indonesia Research Articles

Assessing the Social and Economic Benefits of Organic Agriculture Conversion

Unsustainability of conventional agriculture practices led to the increase of conversion to organic agriculture. This study investigates farmers’ personal motive of conversion and examine the significance of conversion period in organic agriculture practice. This study further analyses social and economic benefits of conversion to organic agriculture and its contribution in increasing sustainable rural development in Indonesia. This study uses mixed method analysis by conducting qualitative and quantitative data collection strategy. This study uses purposive sampling approach and further determined Getasan Organic Agriculture as main case study. The findings suggest that farmers’ personal motive on conversion mainly revolves around environmental concerns. Furthermore, this study found that farmers considered conversion period as opportunity costs that will result in higher social and economic benefit. Lastly, this study found that organic agriculture practice is beneficial socially and economically and is expected to be more attractive in the future. 
 
 Keywords: Organic agriculture, conversion period, motives on conversion, sustainable development.

Quadruple Helix Innovation Model for Rural Development: The Case of Sukaraja Tourist Village in Indonesia


 
 
 Tourist villages in Indonesia have a very important role in rural development. The village is the smallest unit of rural development in Indonesia that has its own autonomy in management. Even though there are many innovation models have been well developed in some parts of the world, but it has yet to be implemented in Indonesia. Quadruple helix innovation model has been introduced in developed countries to develop their countries. Thus, this model is seen suitable to be adapted in some villages in Indonesia to achieve prosperity and to improve the welfare of Indonesian society. In general, this research is aimed to adapt the quadruple helix innovation model for the tourist village in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. Specifically, this research is aimed to (1) identify the driver for the village development, (2) examine the process of village development, and (3) adapt a model of the village process development. The design for this research is a case study. This case study is conducted in a Sukaraja tourist village in Tasikmalaya, West Java that is chosen purposely. Sukaraja Village is chosen as a study location because it has economic potential in terms of tourism and handicrafts. From the existing condition of socioeconomic and cultural in Sukaraja Village this study adapts a quadruple helix innovation model using soft system methodology to achieve prosperity and to improve the welfare of the village community. The results of this study show that (1) the driver for the village development is a tourism industry that have to manage professionally, therefore have to run by village-owned enterprise (2) the process of village development is a holistic process and cannot be done just by single institution, and (3) the model of process development called a quadruple helix innovation model, which is using synergies from four institutions in the village, there are the village government, the village industries, the village education system and the village industrial community. As a whole, the quadruple helix innovation model can be used to improve village welfare communities and in turn will enhance the prosperity of Indonesian society as a whole.
 
 

Upgrading for whom? Relationship coffee, value chain interventions and rural development in Indonesia

Abstract Value chain upgrading interventions have emerged in recent years as a dominant approach to rural development. In coffee value chains, upgrading opportunities are presented by the growth in consumption of specialty coffees, which are associated with direct engagement with producer communities by roasting firms, along with an apparent increased commitment to social responsibility. Known in the industry as “relationship coffee”, such interventions align with a value chain approach to development and are promoted as offering upgrading opportunities for otherwise marginalized rural communities. In this article, we critique the dominant development discourse of relationship coffee in Indonesia via three case studies of livelihoods and local agrarian dynamics across three coffee-growing communities on the islands of Sulawesi, Bali and Java. We find that the relationship coffee model does present opportunities for producer upgrading. However, these benefits have been subsequently captured by key individuals within the producer community who are able to accumulate wealth and consolidate their social position. As it is currently implemented in Indonesia, the relationship coffee model has reproduced local patterns of inequality rather than contributing to poverty alleviation efforts. These insights suggest the urgent need to develop a critical political economy of upgrading in the global value chain and rural development literature.

Empowering the role of village owned enterprises (BUMDes) for rural development: case of Indonesia

Poor economic condition, unemployement, quality education and lack of other basic infrastructures are the common problems of rurals in Indonesia and in many other countries. The rural potentials have not been optimally explored, hence a place to birth it becomes instead of to live.  The government has actually tried several programs for rural economic development, for example by providing more facilities and infrastructure, even creating project PNPM (Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat/National Program for Community Empowerment).  However, the implementation and effect of these programs have been put into question.  In Indonesia, this economic institution is BUMDes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa/ Village Owned Enterprise), the pillars of rural economic activity, serves as a social and commercial institution. This paper aims to explain how to strengthen the role of village owned enterprise for its role in rural development. Using qualitative approach, this study indicates that village owned enterprise is projected to be new economic strength in rural development in Indonesia and that the rural government can improve the role of village owned enterprise not only as a government’s fund mediator but also as a facilitator to promote the rural economic activity properly through value addition. The paper aims to generate new insight of the role of village owned enterprise in Indonesia and its consequence to rural development.

STUDI KOMPARATIF TAHAPAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN PERDESAAN DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA (Studi Kasus: Desa Alamendah, Kabupaten Bandung-Indonesia dan Desa Peruas, Pahang-Malaysia)

The growth of urban areas very rapidly raises significant issues that take effect in the development of rural areas. The strategic issues of rural development in Indonesia and Malaysia are poverty, unemployment, and economic vulnerability of rural communities; limited availability of public services and the minimum basic service, low empowerment of rural communities, not optimal village governance and institutional role of the village in the planning and development of the village, not optimal spatial arrangement of rural areas, natural resource management and environmental environment, the limited availability of infrastructure in the open isolation of rural areas and encourage linkages Rural- Urban. This study is intended to determine how the rural development planning process in Indonesia dan Malaysia. This study used qualitative research methods with a qualitative descriptive design format to describe the condition of the various phenomena that exist in the community that the object of research, and pull it to the surface of reality as a feature, character, nature, model or description of the condition or phenomenon particular. Data was collected through structured and in-depth interviews, and studies in the literature that focused on the exploration of related literature. Data analysis is done by using the method of triangulation and interpretative. Triangulation method rests on the validity of the findings and the level of confidence. Data analysis is inductive, meaning is the result of research rather than generalizations. Stages of Rural Development Planning in Indonesia and Malaysia are basically not much different, the two countries each have the characteristics and traits of its own in the formulation of rural development planning in the country. Based on the Minister Regulation Number 114 of 2014 on Guidelines for Rural Development, Indonesia defines the planning of rural development in the form of Mid Term Development Plan Rural (Rural Development Plan). Malaysia defines the rural development plan according to Act 172 About Design City and Village act 1976 in the form Slowly Rural (PTD). The results of this research can be used as a model for the analysis of policy makers both at the central and regional governments.

Promoting the Rural Development through the Ecotourism Activities in Indonesia

This paper describes the problems of rural development in Indonesia. Problems can be broken down and find a way out through the development of ecotourism in rural area. Furthermore, this also accelerates the economic transformation from agriculture to manufacturing and services, improves welfare to farmer and promotes an environmental conservation in rural areas. Meanwhile, there is a significant increase in the demand for tourism visits come from foreign and domestic tourists. This needs to be anticipated by all stakeholders in the all regions. This can be conducted through the following efforts, i. e. (i) to develop products with an emphasis on education, (ii) to develop entrepreneurship in managing tourism services, (iii) to strengthen leadership for guiding a conservation vision, (iv) to develop infrastructure with regard to the carrying capacity of the environment, (v) to develop homestay as a place of learning development for products and services, and services standards, (v) to promote rural tourism and environmental values elsewhere.

Institutional Membership and Rural Development in Indonesia: Case Study of Three Villages in Purbalingga

This study aims to measure community membership in rural institution and analyze its benefits in rural development after Indonesian decentralization. To do so, a case study was conducted in Serang, Kedarpan and Sumilir village of Purbalingga District, Central Java Province. Respondents of this study consist of 232 people, and data are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings of this study present that diverse community groups exist, and most households become active members in one to two rural institutions. Neighbourhood, religious and farmer groups are the most active institutions in term of membership and carrying periodic meeting. Membership in rural institutions improves access to financial, physical and natural capital, but less in improving human capital. While most villagers are member of neighbourhood, farmer and religious groups, the village government does not build intensive interaction with these institutions in meetings to formulate village decision. Thus, the empowerment process is not optimally delivered, and the institutions cannot optimally help their members in addressing their livelihood problems. Some initiatives are performed by the institutions, but without government support, they result only limited benefits for the members. Thus, this study recommends the government to involve more institutions in village decision making, especially by improving the participation of neighbourhood, religious and farmer groups.

Local Capacity, Village Governance, and the Political Economy of Rural Development in Indonesia

Summary This paper develops a framework for conceptualizing local capacity to address village level livelihood and governance problems. The framework is based on an analysis of asset distribution, combined with an explicit analysis of the links between processes of state formation, state-business linkages and local forms of social capital. The framework is used to discuss findings from recent research on village capacity in rural Indonesia. The discussion suggests that it is possible to link a political, economic approach to rural development with recent conceptualizations of social capital. Such an analysis can illuminate the forms taken by and the effectiveness of village level collective action in ways that either purely political economy or social capital approaches do not.

THE ABSORPTION OF LABOR IN INDONESIAN AGRICULTURE

THE ABSORPTION OF LABOR IN INDONESIAN AGRICULTURE

How ‘integrated’ is integrated rural development? The case of the Pompengan Integrated Area Development Project (PIADP), Luwu district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

AbstractIntegrated rural development is often presented as an effective strategy against rural poverty in Indonesia. In this article the author discusses the case of the Pompengan Integrated Area Development Project (PIADP) in Luwu, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, where a programme for land reform was part of the ‘integrated’ approach. In explaining the outcome of PIADP, the author analyses two properties of intervention itself in relation to the context in which it took place: first, land reform as a donor development priority which was planned and implemented as a purely technical and administrative operation; and, second, the production‐oriented character of planning, which further isolated land reform from its local context. It is concluded that PIADP was characterized by fragmentation, competition and conflict rather than ‘integratedness’. Therefore, rather than taking such policy language for granted and accepting the policy instruments it represents as ‘models for development’, we should critically analyse the sphere of policy implementation. In the case of rural development in Indonesia, the depoliticized character of land policy and its reduction to a technical‐administrative routine is a major issue to be addressed before land reform and integrated rural development can make a significant contribution to the eradication of rural poverty in Indonesia.

NGOs and Rural Development in Indonesia

NGOs and Rural Development in Indonesia

The Philosophy of Shared Poverty: rethinking Agricultural Involution and the Culture of Geertz

Abstract This paper discusses, and comprehensively rejects, Geertz’ concept of ‘involution’ as applied to the historical sociology of rural development in Indonesia. Geertz’ analysis is outlined, together with the criticisms it has occasioned; the paper then moves to a consideration of central methodological issues in the involution debate. It concludes with a critique of Geertz’ use of the concept of Culture as confusing rather than clarifying the issues at stake.

Rural Development in Indonesia

Rural Development in Indonesia

The Palapa Project and Rural Development in Indonesia

abstractThe Palapa domestic satellite communications system is an indispensable part of Indonesia’s plan to achieve national integration and economic stability.The use of rural “satellite” television is vital in terms of rural development and in promoting the use of the national language Bahasa Indonesia among Indonesia’s 170 different ethnic groups scattered over an area of more than five million sq kilometers

Assessment of technological appropriateness: The case of Indonesian rural development

It is commonly recognized at the present that technological appropriateness is not an intrinsic quality of any technology, but it derived from the surroundings (technological as well as sociocultural, politicolegal, economic, and environmental) in which it is to be utilized and the specific purpose of its application. On this basis, this paper presents two case studies for the selection of appropriate technologies for rural development in Indonesia. The first case deals with the problem of identifying a “set of appropriate technologies” to be promoted for accelerated rural development. The second case deals with the problem of selecting the “most appropriate one” among available technologies of one kind. The assessment exercises are carried out using existing methodologies and inputs (such as national priorities, assessment factors, and decision weights) from Indonesian nationals. It is shown that the analysis can provide useful guidelines for science and technology policy planning in developing countries.

Book reviews

Coffee in Colombia, 1850–1970: An Economic, Social and Political History, by Marco Palacios. London and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980. Pp. xv + 338; £15.00. Agrarian Class Conflict: The Political Mobilization of Agricultural Labourers in Kuttanad, South India by Joseph Tharamangalam. Vancouver and London: University of British Colombia Press, 1981. Pp.129; no price stated. Modes of Production in Africa, The Precolonial Era, edited by Donald Crummey and C. C. Stewart. Beverly Hills and London: Sage Publications, 1981. Pp.256 (Vol. 5 in the Sage Series on African Modernization and Development). Shantung Rebellion: The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774, by Susan Na‐quin. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1981. Pp. xvii + 228; US$20.00/£14.00 (cloth). Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty, edited by Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey. London: Frances Pinter, 1981. Pp. xvi + 251; £15.50. Lombok: Conquest, Colonization and Under development, 1870–1940, by Alfons van der Kraan. Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong: Published for the Asian Studies Association of Australia by Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 1980. The Unknown Balinese: Land, Labour and Inequality in Lombok, by Ingela Gerdin. Gothenburg: Gothenburg Studies in Social Anthropology, 4, 1982. Land and People of Northeast Brazil, by Manuel Correia de Andrade. Translated by Dennis V. Johnson. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1980; Pp. xiv + 248; US$19.95 (cloth). Agricultural and Rural Development in Indonesia, edited by Gary E. Hansen. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981. The Rancheros of Pisaflores: the History of a Peasant Bourgeoisie in Twentieth‐Century Mexico, by Frans J. Schryer. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 1980. Pp.210 plus xii. The People of the Plain: Class and Community in Lower Andalusia, by David D. Gilmore. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. Pp.247; $25.00. The Logic of Poverty: the Case of the Brazilian Northeast, edited by Simon Mitchell. London, Boston & Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981. PP. ix + 189. £7.95 (paper).

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: A HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA. V., The People Make Laws 1888–1915. By C. M. H. Clark. MANNING CLARK AND AUSTRALIAN HISTORY 1915–1963. By Stephen Holt. PARTY POLITICS: Australia 1966–81. By James Jupp. GOVERNMENT AND CAPITALISM: Public and Private Choice in Twentieth Century Australia. By N. G. Butlin, A. Barnard, J. J. Pincus. VOTING FOR THE AUSTRALIAN STATE LOWER HOUSES 1965–1974. By Colin A. Hughes. ABORIGINAL POLITICS IN SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA. By Michael C. Howard. ABORIGINAL POWER IN AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY. Edited by Michael C. Howard. POWER, CONFLICT AND CONTROL IN AUSTRALIAN TRADE UNIONS. Edited by Kathryn Cole. TARIFF POLITICS: Australian Policy‐making 1960–1980. By Leon Glezer. DEFENDING “A CHRISTIAN COUNTRY”: Churchmen and Society in New South Wales in the 1880's and After. By Walter Phillips. FRANK TATE: A Biography. By R. J. W. Selleck. A FOOLISH PASSIONATE MAN: A Biography of Jim Cairns. By Paul Ormonde. THE CRY FOR THE DEAD. By Judith Wright. THE OXFORD HISTORY OF NEW ZEALAND. Edited by W. H. Oliver with B. R. Williams. AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA. Edited by Gary E. Hansen. CRISIS IN AFRICA: Battleground of East and West. By Arthur Gavshon. TUC: The Growth of a Pressure Group 1868–1976. By Ross M. Martin. ENGLISH EDUCATION, SOCIAL CHANGE AND WAR, 1911–1920. By Geoffrey Sherington. THE QUESTION OF CLASS STRUGGLE: Social Foundations of Popular Radicalism During the Industrial Revolution. By Craig Calhoun. GENTLEMEN AND POACHERS: The English Game Laws 1671–1831. By P. B. Munsche. THE NATIONAL CHARITY COMPANY: Jeremy Bentham's Silent Revolution. By Charles F. Bahmueller. A HISTORY OF THE HIGHLAND CLEARANCES: Agrarian Transformation and the Evictions 1746–1886. By Eric Richards. NATIONALISM IN IRELAND. By D. George Boyce. THE “FÜHRER STATE”: MYTH AND REALTY–Studies on the Structure and Politics of the Third Reich. Edited by Gerhard Hirschfeld and Lothar Kettenacker with an introduction by Wolfgang J. Mommsen. MILITARISM: The History of an International Debate 1861–1979. By V. R. Berghahn MODERN GERMANY: Society, economy and politics in the twentieth century. By V. R. Berghahn THE CAMBRIDGE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION. Edited by Archie Brown, John Fennell, Michael Kaser and H. T. Willetts. CHARTER 77 AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA. By H. Gordon Skilling. REVOLUTION AND RED TAPE: The French Ministerial Bureaucracy 1770–1850. By Clive H. Church. THE BEGINNING OF IDEOLOGY: Consciousness and Society in the French Reformation. By Donald R. Kelley. SISTERS OR CITIZENS? Women and Socialism in France since 1876. By Charles Sowerwine. MUSSOLINI UNLEASHED 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Lost War. By Macgregor Knox. ARROGANCE AND ANXIETY: The Ambivalence of German Power, 1848–1914. By L. L. Farrar, Jr. THE COMMUNIST PARTIES OF ITALY, FRANCE AND SPAIN: Postwar Change and Continuity. A Casebook. Edited by Peter Lange and Maurizio Vannicelli. U.S. DIPLOMATS IN EUROPE, 1919–1941. Edited by Kenneth Paul Jones. INTERNATIONAL PEACE KEEPING: United Nations Forces in a Troubled World. By Anthony Verrier. PALESTINE IN PERSPECTIVE: Politics, Human Rights and the West Bank. By David H. Ott. THE MIDDLE EAST: A Political and Economic Survey. Fifth edition. Edited by Peter Mansfield. MIDDLE EAST REVIEW 1982. (Saffron Walden, Essex: World of Information, 1981). ASIA AND PACIFIC 1982. (Saffron Walden, Essex: World of Information, 1981). THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN NEEDS AND THE CRITIQUE OF CIVILISATION. By Patricia Springborg. READING NOZICK: Essays on Anarchy, State and Utopia. Edited by Jeffrey Paul. THE POLITICS OF PROCRUSTES: Contradictions of Enforced Equality. By Antony Flew. THE INTELLECTUALS ON THE ROAD TO CLASS POWER: A sociological study of the role of the intelligentsia in socialism. By George Konrad and Ivan Szelenyi. POLITICIANS, LEGISLATION, AND THE ECONOMY: An Inquiry into the Interest‐Group Theory of Government. By Robert E. McCormick and Robert D. Tollison. JOB GENERATION: A Policy Proposal. By Tom O'Brien. TECHNOLOGICAL DIFFUSION AND INDUSTRIALISATION BEFORE 1914. By A. G. Kenwood and A. L. Lougheed.

Agricultural and Rural Development in Indonesia. Edited by Gary E. Hansen. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press (Westview Special Studies in Social, Political, and Economic Development), 1981. xiv, 312 pp. Index. $20.

Agricultural and Rural Development in Indonesia. Edited by Gary E. Hansen. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press (Westview Special Studies in Social, Political, and Economic Development), 1981. xiv, 312 pp. Index. $20.

Agricultural and Rural Development in Indonesia.

Agricultural and Rural Development in Indonesia.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:European Farming in Australia – an Economic History of Australian Farming. By Brucer R. DavidsThe Italian Farming Soldiers: Prisoners of War in Australia 1941‐1947. By Alanf Fitzgeraland.Agricultural and Rural Development in Indonesia. By Gary E. HansenPart‐time Family Farming. By Ryohei Kada.Aggregate Supply Response of Crops in a Developing Region. By S. L. BapnaThe World Bank and the Poor. By A. VAN DE LaarWorld Development Report 1980. By World Bank Staff.Economics: Applications to Agriculture and Agribusiness. By E. P. Roy, F. L. Corty and G. D. Sullivan.Agricultural Finance — An Introduclion to Micro and Macro Concepts. By JOhn B. Ppenson and David A. Lins.