Rules Of Social Behavior Research Articles

Netiquette: Fundamentals of Etiquette in Digital Communication

Socialization is an innate human need. The individual finds himself/herself in a social environment as soon as he/she is born. As human beings communicate with those around them, they become aware of the existence of some social regulators such as laws, moral rules, and traditions that regulate the relationships they establish. Among these rules, etiquette rules have a special place. Etiquette rules are the rules of respect and courtesy that should be shown sensitivity in interpersonal relations. Although they do not have legal sanctions such as the rules of law, when the rules of etiquette are violated, the person is shamed, excluded from society, and left alone. Today, in addition to face-to-face communication, there is a very intense socialization on digital platforms. Interpersonal communication evolved into a different internet-based relationship network. The rules called Netiquette, in the simplest definition, are regulations that beautify and protect social relations established through the internet. Digital platforms are not environments where freedoms are experienced unlimitedly and without rules. It should not be forgotten that only the environment is virtual, but the people are real. In other words, the rules of social behavior that regulate our relationships in our daily lives also apply to the communication we establish through the internet. Acting in a manner sensitive to the rules of etiquette when communicating with others over the Internet will further strengthen social relations, while the opposite situation will lead to the termination of existing relationships.

СОПЕРЕЖИВАНИЕ В СТРУКТУРЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА У ПОДРОСТКОВ С ЛЕГКОЙ СТЕПЕНЬЮ УМСТВЕННОЙ ОТСТАЛОСТИ

In Russia, more children with mental disabilities receive education in so–called "specialized" educational institutions – schools or boarding schools for children with disabilities, despite the widespread introduction of inclusive education. The process of education and upbringing in this context leads to the problem of the development of social intelligence in such students. The lack of research in this direction is confirmed by a small number of publications over the past fifteen years. The social intelligence of adolescents with mental retardation is formed in such a way that it does not always allow them to understand the norms and rules of social behavior. The difficulty lies in the insufficient development of this type of intelligence. Many scientists say that when studying social intelligence, it is necessary to analyze and study all the criteria that make up it, namely: cognitive, behavioral and emotional. In this connection, the aim of the study was to study the level of empathy in the structure of social intelligence and its features in adolescents with mental disorders of secondary school. The study was conducted among high school students diagnosed with mild mental retardation. The study involved 59 schoolchildren, of the Regional state educational Institution "Boarding School No. 3" in Kursk for people with disabilities. The age of students is from 12 to 17 years When collecting data, standardized methods were used, as well as conversation, observation, and when processing the data obtained, computer methods of statistical processing were used. Empirical research has shown the relationship between the features of social intelligence and the age of students: with age, relationships develop, and the structure of social intelligence develops to older adolescence, helped to identify aspects inherent in younger and older adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

Эмоциональная оценка звуков окружающей среды студентами творческих профессий

Background. The present-day mass media and cinema specialists do not pay much attention to the environmental sounds for the effect of creation and putting the viewers and radio listeners into the appropriate emotional atmosphere during the film dubbing and cultural events scoring. Each acoustic event has a specific range and type of emotional impact on people, i.e. each separate sound has a different sort of influence on human beings and brings out specific emotions. Therefore, we come up with an idea that each acoustic event can be classified from the point of view of its emotional impact on human beings by the type and the kind of sentiment. Objective. The aim is to study and analyze the features of the affective evaluation of the environmental sounds by the students of the creative professions. Sample. The pilot study involved 69 students of the Russian Institute of Theatre Arts — GITIS (acting faculty, ballet master faculty and musical theater faculty), of which 26 (38%) were boys and 43 (62%) were girls. 710 verbal units have been encrypted. Methods. The study participants have recorded the environmental sounds that have brought out different kinds of basic emotions in themselves such as guilt, anger, interest, disgust, sadness, scorn, joy, fear, shame, surprise. The audio-record also included the participant’s comments concerning the date and time, sound source and the reasons for the emotions’ uprise. Later on the received data were transformed into text and processed with the procedures of inductive and frequency analysis. Results. The results of the frequency analysis revealed the groups of the environmental sounds bringing out the basic emotions from the point of view of the students of the creative professions. Guilt was brought out by the sounds expressing the complaints against you from other people; anger and scorn were evoked by the sounds made by the person who intentionally breaks the rules of social behavior; interest and sadness were aroused with the sounds of musical instruments, music and speech; disgust was brought out by the physiological sounds of other people, and shame was evoked by the sounds of one’s own physiological sounds; fear arose with sudden shrilling sounds; surprise was brought out by the sounds giving us a notice about some new piece of information. Conclusion. The results of the frequency analysis confirm that the environmental sounds can help in modeling different kinds of emotional impact.

ФОРМУВАННЯ АНГЛОМОВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В ЧИТАННІ УЧНІВ 10-ГО КЛАСУ ЗАСОБАМИ БЛОГ-РЕСУРСІВ

Background. The article explores the effectiveness of utilizing English blogs as a tool to enhance reading competence among 10th- grade students in a secondary school. Drawing on insights from literature and lesson observations during teaching internships, it is noted that Ukrainian 10th grade students face significant challenges when applying their knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar to speaking activities. Purpose. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the pedagogical essence and practical value of incorporating blogs into English language classes in secondary school, to establish methodological principles for the formulation of a comprehensive set of tasks and exercises aimed at enhancing blog reading skills among 10th-grade students. The methodology relies on the critical analysis of existing research on the topic and the authors' personal experiences in utilizing blogs for teaching reading. The formulation of tasks and exercises with the goal of enhancing English language competence in reading for 10th-grade students is grounded in a synthesis of research insights. Specifically, Pahomova and Halchenko's work on types of reading (Pahomova, Halchenko 2015), Campbell's blog typology (Campbell, 2003), and the discerning selection of content developed by Bax (2003) collectively inform this initiative. The integration of these research perspectives is harmonized with the stipulated guidelines of the Ministry of Science and Education of Ukraine. This comprehensive approach ensures a scientifically rigorous and pedagogically sound framework for the advancement of reading proficiency within the specified educational context. Results and discussion. In the context of learning English as a foreign language in secondary schools, the use of blogs has emerged as a valuable language learning tool. However, the effective integration of blogs within an instructional framework and the current research findings on their use as a learning tool pose unresolved challenges for teachers. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of research on the use of blogs in English learning contexts. The study introduces blogs and establishes a theoretical framework for their utilization within the parameters of complex and competency-based approaches. The literature review on the discussed topic reveals that blogging, as a communicative activity, is advantageous for developing reading competence in 10th-grade students, provided it is not excessively employed in the classroom. A set of tasks and exercises designed for reading blogs in the 10th grade must incorporate contextual communicative situations, augment students' lexical repertoire, cultivate grammatical competence, and facilitate the training of intricate phonetic instances. Blogging encourages students to express themselves, fostering self-confidence and providing an opportunity to practice social behavior rules during communication. Furthermore, this technique enhances students' creativity and fluency through active participation in various communicative situations presented in the English language class. Research confirms that employing English blogs in teaching reading to secondary school students can effectively modernize the educational process and motivate learners for intercultural communication. The potential for further research lies in developing a set of tasks based on the national curriculum for 10th- grade students.

European experience in training physical education teachers to work individually with students

An analysis of the training of specialists in the field of physical education in different European countries. The authors singled out the common and general features of this process, identified problems and ways to solve them, in particular in a particular educational institution. The article proves that various aspects of the personnel problem are relevant also because the current requirements for the personality of a physical education teacher, the content of the subject, the attitude to it by teachers, parents, community, etc. are on time. Thus, the article recognizes that in addition to the main tasks to be solved in physical education lessons (promoting harmonious physical and mental development; meeting the needs of physical activity; general personality development; mastering popular sports, strengthening physical health, etc.), students get acquainted with the environment, nature, rules of social behavior, the ability to act in a community is formed. The solution of such tasks is achieved, in particular through the implementation of interdisciplinary and individual approaches to physical education lessons. Analysis of scientific and methodological and special literature on the individualization of the process of physical education of schoolchildren showed that despite the similarity of views of many scientists on this topic, taking into account the individual characteristics of students in physical education, it is not always realized in the educational process. It should be noted that there is another opinion on the individualization of school physical education.

Рольова гра як ефективний метод формування граматичної компетентності учнів 7-го класу на уроках англійської мови

Background. The article considers the effectiveness of role play as a tool to develop grammar competence of 7th- grade students in a secondary school. Based on the assumptions made from literature as well as lesson observations (teaching internship), applying knowledge of English grammar to speaking activity is still a great difficulty for Ukrainian 7th grade students. Purpose. Thus, the paper aims at investigating the pedagogical essence and practical value of a role play in English language classes in a secondary school. Methodology relies on the critical analysis of the available research on the topic as well as of the authors’ experience in using role plays in teaching grammar. Results and discussion. Grammar knowledge plays a crucial role in developing both receptive and productive language skills: from understanding the meaning by recognizing grammar forms to producing messages based on the purposeful use of these forms in communication. The review of literature on the topic under discussion has revealed that role play as a communicative activity is beneficial in developing 7th- graders’ grammar competence provided it is not overused in the classroom. It encourages students to express themselves, provides self-confidence and opportunity for practicing the rules of social behavior in the process of communication. Additionally, the use of this technique boosts students’ creativity and fluency through active participation of learners in various communicative situations presented in the English language class. The research proves that role play in teaching English grammar to secondary school students can be an effective way to modernize educational process and motivate learners for intercultural communication. The prospective of further research lies in creating a set of role plays based on the national curriculum for 7th- grade students.

A Complex Anti-Terrorist Function of the State and Law

The State forms and implements the law, and the law, in turn, consolidates state functions. At the same time, the turnover of law stimulation prevails in modern conditions. It should be noted that legal thinking ennobles the national legal system. However, in order to facilitate the modernization of law, it is necessary to assess the regularities between the laws and the functions of the state, including in the field under consideration. The paper evaluates the level of managerial activity and coordination of countering terrorism implemented on the basis of international legal standards, as well as operational and qualitative legal thinking. The paper investigates the anti-terrorist objective of early state response to unconstitutional manifestations and its implementation that forms the anti-terrorist function of the State. Global terrorism and other forms of extremism are penetrating many areas in the world in the conditions of active globalization. The ideological virus raised by the bloody terrorist foam demonstrates a challenge to humanity’s ability to preserve itself in the context of relevant threats of internal and external aggression in the present and the future. Terrorism should, however, be understood as the ideology and practice of influencing decisions at all standard levels related to the intimidation of the population and (or) illegal violent actions. Extremism is referred to an attack on the constitutional system and the security of the State, carried out because of denial of legal norms and (or) rules of social behavior. Anti-terrorist and anti-extremist state response in such conditions objectively depends on the complex anti-terrorist function of the State. At the same time, the function of the State (or a state function) forms the direction of the state’s activity in implementing the objectives of the goal in question.

ДІЛОВИЙ ТА ДИПЛОМАТИЧНИЙ ПРОТОКОЛ У ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОМУ ТА ТУРИСТИЧНОМУ БІЗНЕСІ В ПРАКТИЦІ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ

The article considers the characteristics and role of business and diplomatic protocol in the hotel and restaurant and tourism business in management practice. The basic principles of optimization of the processes of formation and application of business etiquette in the management of hotel-restaurant and tourist enterprises are also given. Due to the development of the hotel and restaurant and tourism business, knowledge of etiquette is becoming more relevant today, because mutual understanding between employees can provide positive developments in the hospitality industry, thereby promoting diplomatic relations between employees of tourism enterprises with customers and business partners, regardless of their national, ethnic and other characteristics. At the same time, the problem of improving the professionalism of specialists in the field of tourism plays a key role in the competitiveness of tourism enterprises. Therefore, the specialist should easily establish business contacts, be able to organize the etiquette of the tourism business and maintain ethical subordination in the team. It was found that business and diplomatic protocol are generally accepted rules of social behavior in professional communication in a particular organization, and therefore the rules of business etiquette are very important for the professional activities of employees of hotel and restaurant and tourism business. After all, the correct presentation of the culture of communication makes a further impression of the subjects of the tourist enterprise. It should also be noted that knowledge of etiquette eliminates rigidity, allows not to offend a business partner with inappropriate words or actions, and at the same time not to lose the dignity and prestige of the company, and therefore acquired communication skills will help establish effective relationships in business practice and prevent conflicts. The usual rules of the protocol are the basis of diplomatic practice of any tourist enterprise, although each of them has certain features due to the specifics of generally accepted norms. Deviation from the diplomatic protocol or violation of its norms is unacceptable, because it can cause damage and cause undesirable consequences in the hotel and restaurant and tourism business.

Specyfika postaw i zachowań studentów chińskich jako przedstawicieli kultur kolektywnych w perspektywie glottodydaktycznej

Niniejszy artykuł wpisuje się w krąg rozważań na temat wpływu czynników kulturowo zależnych na proces rozwoju społecznego oraz sposoby funkcjonowania w odmiennym kręgu kulturowym. Stanowi także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jakim stopniu kultura modeluje interakcje w środowisku nauczania i wpływa na tworzenie wypowiedzi w języku obcym. Punktem odniesienia dla norm społecznych typowych dla szeroko pojętej kultury Zachodu są zasady budowania relacji międzyludzkich w społeczeństwach Azji Wschodniej. Przyjęta perspektywa ma charakter interdyscyplinarny – czerpie przede wszystkim z badań prowadzonych w dziedzinie psychologii międzykulturowej oraz nauk społecznych, szukając dla nich zastosowania na gruncie glottodydaktyki polonistycznej. Szerzej omówiony został aspekt roli i struktury relacji międzyludzkich opartych na kolektywizmie lub indywidualizmie, koncentrując się na wyłonieniu czynników istotnych z dydaktycznego punktu widzenia. W artykule wykorzystano metodę obserwacji incydentów krytycznych oraz analizę tekstów studentów chińskich uczących się języka polskiego. Przedstawione opisy dowodzą, że czynniki kulturowe mogą prowadzić do nieporozumień w środowisku nauczania i rzutować na rozwój i ocenę umiejętności językowych. Z tego względu kwestią niezwykle istotną jest poszerzanie własnej wiedzy socjokulturowej przez wykładowców języka polskiego, którzy pracują ze studentami pochodzącymi z kultur kolektywnych.

Current Legal Regulations as a Factor of Management of Sports Organisation

Management of sports organisations, viewed in the context of their legality and legitimacy, predominantly relies on the filed of current legal regulations in sport. This could be, relatively speaking, considered as the existence of the “sports legislation” within a specific social environment, encompassing the set of laws and legal regulations, which govern the relations, procedures and operation of sports organisations. The issues concerning the current legal regulating of the relations in sport call attention to the following legal documents in a state: constitution, laws, subordinate legislation and internal (organisation’s) legal documents. From the point of view of sport (as a social phenomenon and practical activity), the concept of the current law must be treated through its determination that relates to all rules of social behaviour accepted and valid in a specific state. All stakeholders and participants in the sport process (stakeholders in the sports system) need to be informed about basic aspects of the legal norms constituting the substance of the current law. This paper, basically, deals with theoretical explication of the relevance of the current legal regulations as an important factor in the management of sports organisations. The context of the respective considerations is oriented towards the sports system environment in the Republic of Serbia.

International Legal Regulation of Countering Propaganda of War and Manifestations of Extremism

The research paper analyses the international legal regulation of countering manifestations of extremism and propaganda of war. The understanding of extremist activity as an encroachment on the foundations of the constitutional order and the security of the state, as well as the violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the individual and the citizen resulting from the denial of legal and/or other generally accepted norms and rules of social behaviour have been formulated. It is established that the proposed definition is built on two basic criteria. The first is the circle of public relations, which is prone to extremist encroachment (such as: the foundations of the constitutional order, state security, rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of an individual and a citizen). The second is motivation of extremist manifestations, that is, denial of legal and/or other generally accepted norms and rules of social behaviour. The following constructive features of extremism are distinguished: a) attachment, that is, loyalty or devotion to someone or anything (attachment of extremism is expressed in devotion to a certain ideology); b) the extreme nature of views, positions and arrangements in human activity (they reflect the essence of extremism, since they are characterized by the ideology of intolerance of the existing state system and violent methods of struggle); c) extremist acts can be committed both by individuals and groups or organizations; d) the spheres that are prone to negative effect of this phenomenon (the spheres of public consciousness, social psychology, morality, ideology, relations between social groups, ethnic groups, public associations, political parties and denominations). The directions of international cooperation in the field of countering extremism in the form of propaganda of war and hatred based on generally recognized principles and norms of international law, which serve as the unification and harmonization of means and methods of countering extremism and terrorism, are disclosed. The conceptual features of extremism produced by the world community are formulated, which include: a) specific motivation characteristic of extremist crimes; b) global nature of the danger directed at all world powers; c) transnational organized nature of the activities of extremist organizations, such as unification and harmonization of the means and methods of countering extremism and terrorism.

Readiness of Senior Preschool Children to Adapt to Social and Everyday Conditions

Based on the analysis of the relevant psychological and pedagogical literature, the article defines the concept of "one's readiness to adapt to social and everyday conditions" and substantiates its structural components, including personal, cognitive and activity-based. The authors of the article have described each component with due regard to the distinctive features of senior preschool children: personal (values-based orientations, motivation, emotional well-being, integrative qualities of an individual); cognitive (basic ideas about oneself and the world around them, basic socio-cultural ideas, basic ideas about social and everyday activities, basic ideas about the norms and rules of social behavior); activity-based (general thinking, general labor, social and everyday, communication skills). The article presents methods for studying the readiness of senior preschool children to adapt to social and everyday conditions. The authors have developed a diagnostic tool to determine the formation of the above-mentioned readiness: high, average, low and unformed. To determine the formation of readiness components, the authors have distinguished criteria and indicators for evaluation and selected the following methods: the method of case problems (for studying the personal component), a survey (for studying the cognitive component) and practice-oriented tasks (for studying the activity-based component). Using the above-mentioned methods, the authors have conducted an ascertaining experiment aimed at studying the readiness of senior preschool children to adapt to social and everyday conditions. The experiment was carried out in institutions of additional education in the city of Saransk, the Republic of Mordovia. The authors have described the results obtained after studying the readiness of senior preschool children to adapt to social and everyday conditions. They have revealed that components common to the readiness of senior preschool children are undeveloped, which proves that it is necessary to organize specific activities in the system of additional education to form the readiness of senior preschool children to adapt to social and everyday conditions. This article studying the readiness of senior preschool children to adapt to social and everyday conditions is relevant since its results can be used for the formation of the above-mentioned readiness in the system of additional education, which will contribute to the social adaptation of these children.

The Role of Simulation Educational Technologies in Teaching Doctors

In modern conditions, doctor as a specialist is faced with a large list of requirements fixed both in legal norms and in the rules of social behavior. The emergence of complex medical equipment and technologies, changes in the moral and legal conditions in the “doctor–patient” relationships led to the modernization of the medical training system. Especially it concerns the segment of practical specialist training. Simulation technologies in this sense should occupy an important place in medical education improving the quality and effectiveness of practice-oriented specialist training, reducing the risk of negative effects of the former education system in medical universities. The first experience of introducing such technologies into the training system at Yaroslavl State Medical University and in the country as a whole, along with obvious positive results, highlighted some problems. Their systematic solution is an important forward-looking task in the framework of the ongoing reform of medical education.

Modality in Law: Cultural Contexts Differences

Introduction.The article deals with the issue of cultural differences affecting positive law specifc character from the point of view of law and order awareness, as well as from the point of view of law enforcement. A classical sample is difference between Anglo-Saxon case law and written (prohibitive) law. The author scrutinizes modality types correlation, specially pointing out deontic and axiological modalities. Going back genetically to common semantic feld of sociocultural norm as a limit, rule of law can be viewed as a derivative from a broader context (“hidden modality”). This particular context presets possible interpretations limits, not always obvious for an outsider.Materials and methods.Methodological foundation for research is the comparison analysis method based on various interpretation types comparison and ascertainment of commensurability lacunas, important from the point of view of accuracy of a translation of language expressions with due consideration to their modality. Fixation on referential basis of these expressions, i.e. their principal focusing on reflection of real processes, as well as systems and consistence (“logicality”) principles peculiar to conception of positive law rational status, have a special importance in this case.Research results.The article shows that various modality types in law are connected on the one hand with linguo-cultural peculiarities, to which a specifc system of law is “tied”. On the other hand the law itself when forming its own conceptual construct enters the feld of forming a more strict and unifed (artifcial) language having reverse influence on “natural” views on rules of law. Such a language includes various modality types and exists in a complex interaction with perception of reality process and codifcation of corresponding social behavior rules, forming social space by means of such social regulator as positive law.Discussion and conclusion.The article describes basic logical conditions for making new rules of law and processing existing rules in the course of international treaties preparation. Possibilities and limitations of communicative practice influence on making rules of law have been analyzed, unobvious problems for an interpreter dealing with comparison of various sociocultural modality types specifc for national legal systems have been shown.

TURİZM İŞLETMELERİNDE SOSYAL DAVRANIŞ

One has to live in society as a result of being a social being. As a result, it is in contact with other people. This necessity brings with it the obligation to comply with some rules. These rules, both in organizational life and in private life, which characterize oneself and indicate their dignity, are described as social behavior in the simplest sense. The fact that being successful in social life and business life can be achieved more quickly by complying with some social behavior rules and contributing positively to the operation as much as the personal development of learning these social behavior rules is another thing which is felt more in tourism businesses. In this study, it is emphasized that the most prominent ones in tourism businesses, along with many subjects that are included in the subject of social behavior.

INDIVIDUALIZATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF LEARNING IN THE PROCESS OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS (SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES) OF AUSTRIA

DIENICHIEVA Olena – PhD of Pedagogical Sciences, senior lecture of Foreign Language and Advanced Learning Technologies Department, Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Velyka Berdychivska str., 40, Zhytomyr, 10000, Ukraine (olgadenicheva@rambler.ru)ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-8688ResearcherID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/D-5740-2018DOI: https://doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.6/38.121459To cite this article: Dienichieva, O. (2018). Indyvidualizatsiia ta dyferentsiatsiia navchannia u protsesi rozvytku osobystosti u navchalnykh zakladakh Avstrii [Individualization and differentiation of learning in the process of personality development in different educational establishments (schools and universities) of Austria]. Liudynoznavchi studii. Seriia «Pedahohika» – Human Studies. Series of «Pedagogy», 6/38, 145–153. doi: 10.24919/2313-2094.6/38.121459 [in Ukrainian].Article historyReceived: 20 September 2017Received in revised form: 23 November 2017Accepted: 15 February 2018Available online: 5 April 2018 Abstract. The article deals with the problem of individualization and differentiation of learning in educational establishments ofAustria (schools and universities). The development of multicultural society conduces to the modernization of education system in European countries, in particular,Austria andUkraine with migration flows affecting the content of educational transformation. It focuses on the importance of different nationalities existence within one country that requires a careful attitude to the organization of educational process.It is necessary to take into consideration the dissimilarities in cultures and traditions, religion and society standards (rules of social behaviour), psychological and physiological peculiarities of individuals. Due to these facts there is a need to build the educational process on the basis of individualized learning. Individualization refers to the meeting of students’ learning needs. Individualization starts with the proper correlation of teachers’ instructions and individual learners’ abilities. Individualized learning environment is aimed at the implementation of different teaching forms and methods in the educational process. Differentiation of learning is based on the students’ learning skills. It also involves the group formation according to the gender, physical needs and motivation. It adjusts the style and needs of learning, ways of acquisition of knowledge. In the context of migration flows inAustria, the processes of individualization and differentiation of learning have become more concentrated on maximizing the individuals’ potential.InUkraineit concentrates on the practical implementation of individualized and differentiated approaches in education. The number of factors such as requirements for the competitiveness of graduates and international cooperation of countries in the scientific, educational, economic and cultural spheres have led to the changes in our education system. The article also scrutinizes directions for the future research of individualization and differentiation of learning in our system of education. Acknowledgments. Sincere thanks to librarian staff at Austria National Library.Funding. The author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Disrespect to human dignity: dialogues between law, literature and culture

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise do conto Negrinha de Monteiro Lobato, publicado inicialmente em 1920 em um livro de contos de mesmo nome. Nessa análise, estabelece-se uma relação entre o Direito, mais precisamente os direitos fundamentais inscritos no artigo 227 da Constituição Federal, a Literatura e a Cultura, utilizando um texto literário para exemplificar e explanar o tema. A proposição do tema parte da compreensão de que o texto literário reflete a mobilidade dos processos culturais a qual atua sobre o modo como a sociedade regula, administra e representa, em suas normas de comportamento social, questões relacionadas à identidade dos indivíduos e aos laços que os vinculam. Sob esse aspecto, o conto de Lobato denuncia o desrespeito aos direitos humanos e aos direitos fundamentais expressos no artigo supracitado, que assumem relevância tanto jurídica quanto social e cultural, tendo em vista que é dever do Estado, da família e da sociedade proteger e amparar o menor. Elementos de pesquisa em doutrina e legislação serão utilizados para traçar os aspectos jurídicos presentes no tema, seguindo-se uma análise do conto proposto, tendo em vista seus aspectos jurídicos, contextuais e culturais.

Social networks dynamics revealed by temporal analysis: An example in a non-human primate (Macaca sylvanus) in "La Forêt des Singes".

This study applied a temporal social network analysis model to describe three affiliative social networks (allogrooming, sleep in contact, and triadic interaction) in a non-human primate species, Macaca sylvanus. Three main social mechanisms were examined to determine interactional patterns among group members, namely preferential attachment (i.e., highly connected individuals are more likely to form new connections), triadic closure (new connections occur via previous close connections), and homophily (individuals interact preferably with others with similar attributes). Preferential attachment was only observed for triadic interaction network. Triadic closure was significant in allogrooming and triadic interaction networks. Finally, gender homophily was seasonal for allogrooming and sleep in contact networks, and observed in each period for triadic interaction network. These individual-based behaviors are based on individual reactions, and their analysis can shed light on the formation of the affiliative networks determining ultimate coalition networks, and how these networks may evolve over time. A focus on individual behaviors is necessary for a global interactional approach to understanding social behavior rules and strategies. When combined, these social processes could make animal social networks more resilient, thus enabling them to face drastic environmental changes. This is the first study to pinpoint some of the processes underlying the formation of a social structure in a non-human primate species, and identify common mechanisms with humans. The approach used in this study provides an ideal tool for further research seeking to answer long-standing questions about social network dynamics.

Representações infantis sobre brincar e aprender nas aulas de educação física escolar

Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender as representações de crianças pré-escolares e escolares sobre a relação entre o brincar e o aprender nas aulas de Educação Física escolar. A partir da análise das entrevistas realizadas com 106 crianças, entre 5 e 12 anos de idade, de uma escola da rede pública de ensino em Porto Alegre, constatou-se que foram conferidos diferentes sentidos à relação entre as brincadeiras realizadas nessas aulas e a aprendizagem. Enquanto que, para muitas, ao brincarem, aprendem sobre as regras de convivência social, a motricidade e o mundo imaginário, para outras, não ocorrem aprendizagens em suas brincadeiras.

Role Play As An Approach In Developing Students Communicative Competence

This study was conducted to examine the outcome of role play as an approach in developing the communicative competence of freshmen. Moreover, the focus of this study was on how the role-play as an approach was conducted; hence, necessary enhancement should be offered if needed. The information were gathered through Focused Group Discussion (FGD). Guide questions were prepared and validated; interviews were recorded, transcribed, interpreted and analyzed. Results revealed that role play as a type of communicative activity was a valuable classroom approach to assist students in developing their communicative competence and to provide the students an opportunity to practice the English language with fluency and accuracy. It was also discovered that role play was beneficial in developing students’ communicative competence provided that it was not done too long. It encouraged students to express themselves; provided self-confidence and opportunity for practicing the rules of social behavior; and allowed learners to use their learned language.