Disciplinary Rules Research Articles

ANALISIS BUDAYA KERJA PEGAWAI DI BAGIAN PEMERINTAHAN UMUM PADA BIRO ADMINISTRASI PEMERINTAHAN UMUM SETDA PROVINSI BENGKULU

This thesis entitled: Analysis of the work culture of employees in the Public Administration Section on General Government Administration Bureau Bengkulu Provincial Secretariat. Strong work culture will be seen from how employees view work culture so that the effect on behavior. The stronger the culture, the higher the perceived commitment and abilities of employees. This study aims to determine the work culture in the Public Administration Section. In this study, used a qualitative research approach with descriptive methods. As for the method of collecting data through observation. The results showed that the lack of integrity and professional employees seen in the lack of employees able to run everyday tasks in accordance with the existing rules in the Public Administration Section. Integrity and professionalism are not fit yet resulted in the realization of human resources and professional quality. Employee discipline and order is not as expected due to lack of time discipline, disciplinary rules and disciplinary responsibility for work assigned to the employee concerned.

Taraf Layanan Konseling Islam Individu Siswa (Studi Kedisiplinan Di MA Ali Maksum Yogyakarta)

There is student indiscipline in the disciplinary rules of MA Ali Maksum Yogyakarta. The indiscipline behavior carried out by MA Ali Maksum Yogyakarta students is the absence of students from an anonymous madrasah, often leaving late for the madrasah and not doing their assignments. This individual counseling is given to students who violate the discipline by the BK teacher by prioritizing the students so that nothing is meant. This study aims to see the stages of the implementation of individual counseling services in improving the discipline of students who are disciplined at MA Ali Maksum Yogyakarta. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were counseling teachers and five students taken from class X IPA A, X IPS A, X Religion A. Methods of data using observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative.

The Real Cost of Rules of Origin: A Business Perspective to Discipline Rules of Origin in a Post COVID-19 Scenario

In the day-to-day business life, rules of origin (RoO) are part of the cross-border routine and have to be administered in an efficient manner to facilitate customs clearance and not hinder trade. Toward this goal, addressing some of stigma over the cost of compliance with rules of origin can provide concrete support to trade policy makers and administrators for the introduction of reforms that could serve to stimulate world trade in the post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) scenario. There is a real need to establish a public-private dialogue to simplify customs procedures related to rules of origin addressing the day-to-day hurdles that business is facing. It is hoped that the shock to world trade caused by the COVID 19 pandemic provides renewed energy to trade negotiations for drastic and pragmatic reforms towards convergence and simplification of rules of origin to support business, especially Small-Medium size enterprises (SMEs). Rules of origin, compliance costs, customs procedures, certificate of origin, supplier declaration, exporter declaration, Proof of origin, accounting segregation, Revised Kyoto Convention, Third country invoicing, direct consignment, Product specific rules of origin (PSRO).

Student Disciplinary Proceedings in Universities: The Importance of Due Process and Evidentiary Standards When Investigating and Adjudicating Serious Offences

In Singapore, recent news about university students involved in sexual offences have generated considerable discourse on the features of its criminal justice system, with a pronounced focus on the appropriate sanctions that should have been meted out by either the university or the courts/police. What might have been overlooked, however, is the question of maintaining due process and evidentiary standards, particularly in relation to the role of universities when they conduct their internal disciplinary proceedings for students alleged to have committed serious criminal offences. But what is happening in Singapore is not anomalous; universities across the world are increasingly confronted with allegations of crime, and the maintenance of procedural standards cannot be said to have been consistent or robust. This article therefore identifies some areas that warrant particular attention and exhorts universities to be mindful of not using two wrongs to make a right. It is hopefully of broad interest to universities worldwide, seeing as it draws from the disciplinary rules found in the full spectrum of tertiary institutions in jurisdictions such as Hong Kong, the UK, and Australia. In the author’s view, it should not be controversial to maintain a certain universality of standards as certain due process and evidentiary standards have long withstood the test of time, across geographical boundaries. A shift of sympathy to victims should not necessarily entail the compromise of fairness, and indeed, common sense.

IMPLEMENTASI TATA TERTIB SEKOLAH DALAM PENANAMAN BUDAYA DISIPLIN SISWA

Rules are binding ones and become guidelines for schools tocreate a safe and orderly school atmosphere. They are also used as a reference for norm that must be created and implemented by schools, especially in producing good-behaved student. School rules must be implemented properly along with sanctions or penalties for violatorsof discipline in order to facilitate the cultivation of student’s culture of discipline. The support and cooperation of school members could also help create a culture or discipline for students. On account of school discipline rules, student are able to control their disciplinary behavior maximally. In order to achieve the expected disciplinary result, discipline must be carried out effectively. In addition, it is necessary to have the support and cooperation of all school members in order to realize student’s discipline. Therefore, in this paper, the writer will explain about the implementation of school rules in cultivating student’s culture of discipline, obstacles in implementing school rules and how to overcome them, and the role of school members in cultivating student’s culture of discipline. implementation

선원법의 법적 성질 : 특히 제2장과 제3장을 중심으로

선원법의 법적 성질 : 특히 제2장과 제3장을 중심으로

Penerapan Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dalam Mencegah Kenakalan Remaja

The problem in this study is that there are often deviations in student behavior which results in students breaking the rules of discipline at school. Namely skipping school, often late, smoking and fighting. This study aims to determine whether the application of group counseling services in preventing the delinquency of juvenile students in SMA Negeri 9 Palembang effectively. The research method used is a quantitative approach with pre experimental methods with OneGroup Pretest and Posttest Design. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPS 1 of SMA Negeri 9 Palembang with a sample of 10 students. From the results of data analysis shows that the total pretest value before treatment was 586 with an average of 58.6 and the results of the posttest after being treated with a value of 842 with an average of 84.2. Hypothesis testing results prove that the results of the t-test calculations where t-count = 5.039≥ t-table = 1.833. thus the application of group guidance services in preventing juvenile delinquency from students is effectively accepted.

More infantie a tergo corporis emendari: violencia y disciplina en los ámbitos escolares hispanos (siglos IV-XII)

Este artículo parte de la consideración del ius puniendi aplicado de forma comparativa en las categorías de discípulo/escolar y siervo, tal y como aparece en el Liber Iudiciorum, VI, 5, 8, regulando el castigo para ambas categorías sociales, como forma de disciplina. La consideración de la infancia como una época irracional de la formación del individuo conlleva el derecho al castigo físico con la misma legitimidad que los propietarios a sus esclavos. A partir de esta idea motriz se establecerán las principales referencias sobre la evidencia del castigo físico escolar y doméstico infantil en el mundo hispano altomedieval desde el Peristefanon de Prudencio (s. IV) hasta los recuerdos de Ordoño de Celanova (s. XII).

Пенітенціарна система Джеремі Бентама: нереалізований проєкт «ідеальної в’язниці»

The article describes the project of an innovative penitentiary institution – Panopticon by the English philosopher and jurist Jeremy Bentham. The author investigates the origins of the panoptic prison, identifies and analyzes the main components of the Panopticon penitentiary system. The importance of studying the Panopticon in the context of prison reforms and the formation of the concept of reformatory punishment in Great Britain in the late 18th - early 19th centuries is shown. The authors have traced the transformation of J. Bentham’s views on the regime of detention: from solitary confinement to block placement of convicts. Panopticon is a penitentiary house project developed by J. Bentham with the participation of his brother Samuel Bentham as an alternative to hulks and transportation. The spatial solutions of the building and strict rules of discipline were supposed to ensure permanent control with a minimum number of observers, which saved a lot of money. Bentham hoped not only to build a new, more humane prison, corresponding to the goal of correction, but also to create a profit-able enterprise using the labor of convicts. The Panopticon was to be managed by a private contractor. Jeremy Bentham created a well thought-out holistic concept of serving a sentence, covering all issues related to the functioning of a prison from an architectural solution to the management of an institution. The main goal of the Panopticon penitentiary system was prevention, both the general one - to be an example for others so that they refrain from committing crimes, and the special one - to correct convicts, to accustom them to law-abiding behavior. The Panopticon was not built in England during Bentham’s lifetime. The Holford Committee rejected the plan of the Panopticon to build the nationwide Millbank Penitentiary. But certain elements of the Panopticon penitentiary system were used in prison systems in the United States and Europe. These include strong rules of discipline, requirements for prison staff, cost-effectiveness of confinement, public control of the execution of punishments, and private prisons.

Intellectual history as a direction in the methodology of historical research

This article addresses the increased interest in intellectual history as a line of research. Additionally, focus is placed on the subject of intellectual history research, which covers many types of human creative activity. The authors of the article see it, rather, not as a subdiscipline of history, but as an interdisciplinary field focused on clarifying problems and drawing attention to boundaries, and believes that it should not follow one “correct” approach. The authors contend that the issues of religion and identity, problems of collective motivation, and our relationship with the natural world are important topics in intellectual history today. Intellectual history offers what other areas of history could not. Historians’ claims are more restrained than those of philosophers and social scientists. In modern intellectual history, the desire to unite the efforts of all specialists whose professional interests are associated with the study of various types of human creative activity, including its conditions, forms and results, prevails. This, however, does not deny the existence of more moderate versions of “intellectual history”, limited to the study of exclusively the intellectual sphere of consciousness, in particular the outstanding personalities of the past. Thus, in their scientific quest, intellectual historians can turn to disciplines such as economics, sociology, political science, anthropology, philosophy, literature and its criticism, but at the same time they should not neglect their own task and the restrictions imposed by their cultural horizons and disciplinary rules. When building a cultural context, intellectual history becomes an internal part of cultural history, and cultural history serves as the external side of intellectual history; therefore, historians should pay attention to both the internal and external. Key words: intellectual history, methodology, history of ideas, sociohistoricism, culture, mindset, history of mentalities, creativity, explanation

Discipline Education from “Natural Person” to “Social Person”

The individual is the unity of nature and sociality, and sociality is the essential attribute of the individual. Induced by using high power, speech and school discipline rules of three kinds of external forces that affect the students’ physical behavior, mood, emotion and value faith three kinds of internal factors, so as to make the students on the basis of the “natural person” socialization, into a “social person”, conforming to the need of the society and realize the discipline of education.

Motion planning methods for autonomous vehicles in disordered traffic systems: a comparative analysis and future research directions

Most works that exist in the field of autonomous vehicle motion planning are in the context of orderly or lane-oriented traffic. However, the traffic conditions that exist in many countries like India, China, Bangladesh, etc. are disordered where the vehicles move anywhere laterally without complying with the lane discipline rule. This characteristic makes the task of planning by an autonomous vehicle manoeuvring in disordered traffic streams highly complex and computationally rigorous. The motion planning problem of autonomous vehicles in traffic systems where lane-discipline is not necessarily followed bears a resemblance with the mobile-robot motion planning. Thus, this paper reviews various techniques available for motion planning of robots in conjunction with the issue of motion planning of autonomous vehicles in disordered traffic conditions, highlights the advantages and limitations of different approaches alongside simulation-based comparative analysis, and finally puts forth some research directions.

Sentencing Guidelines in American Courts: A Forty-Year Retrospective

This article updates the author’s previous survey of guidelines systems, published in this journal in 1999, and reviews what these reforms have and have not accomplished. Sentencing guidelines developed by an independent sentencing commission are currently being used in 17 states, the federal courts, and the District of Columbia. The majority of these systems have also replaced parole release discretion with defined good-time reductions for compliance with prison disciplinary rules and assigned prison programming, and this combination of sentencing and parole reform has been endorsed by the American Bar Association and the American Law Institute. The article summarizes and critiques the many variations among guidelines systems. Some relate to scope -- which crimes and sentencing issues are regulated; others concern design details – how the system actually works. The article identifies five central features of a well-designed guidelines system: a permanent, balanced, independent, and adequately funded sentencing commission; typical-case presumptive sentences and departure criteria; a hybrid sentencing theory that recognizes and harmonizes retributive and crime control purposes; balance between the competing benefits of rules and discretion; and sentence recommendations informed by resource and demographic impact assessments. Balance is also needed in terms of commission composition, and between the influence of the commission, the legislature, and case-level actors. But even if all of these features cannot be adopted, some form of structured sentencing is essential; completely discretionary sentencing is unacceptable. And in the past four decades, no competing structured sentencing model of comparable scope has been adopted or even seriously proposed.

The Rule of Law in Party Documents

This article reviews the development of three important themes in the Chinese Communist Party’s (ccp’s) description of the rule of law since China’s opening up and reform began in December 1978. It expands upon key Party documents that frame the meaning of the rule of law in ccp doctrine. It sets out the doctrine, identifies significant changes, and considers what they might mean for the Party’s present stance toward law and legal construction. It builds upon a broad literature that explores those documents and that doctrine, focusing on three connected points of tension in the Party’s articulation: the relationship between rule of law and rule by law, the relationship between the rule of law and Party leadership, and the relationship between the rule of law and Party discipline.

PENGARUH DISIPLIN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

The poor performance of employees is not just a matter of attitude, other things like not reaching the target and customer complaints. Therefore a performance study is needed, and this study specifically examines the effect of motivation and discipline on performance. The quantitative approach is used, the research method uses associative causal, the analysis unit is a bank employee, and the research instrument uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis with a sample of 52 and the sampling technique used is a saturated sample technique. Furthermore, the research was carried out by testing with the stages of analysis that included descriptive analysis, validity test, reliability test, linear regression test, correlation coefficient test, simultaneous test and test coefficient of determination. The results showed that the contribution of motivation and discipline to performance was significant. This finding explains that performance will not be achieved if one of them lacks motivation and discipline rules

ФОРМУВАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНОВАНОСТІ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ ПІД ЧАС ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ

The article is dealt with the current issue of the formation of discipline of junior schoolchildren in the educational process. Democratization of the school environment significantly influenced the behavior of students. The pupils became more active, independent and initiative, free in expressing their thoughts, in actions and in no way inclined to unconditionally follow the rules of discipline. These circumstances cause serious concern for teachers who understand that these are positive changes, however, they can cause significant difficulties in the educational process, reduce its effectiveness and negatively affect the level of education and parenting of schoolchildren. In these conditions, the study and rethinking of the problem of school discipline, the study of the process of formation of discipline and the identification of pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the development of this quality in schoolchildren becomes significant.The essence of discipline, specificity of the formation of this integrated quality at the junior school age is found out.The pedagogical conditions of the formation of the discipline of junior schoolchildren during the educational process, which are grouped into three groups – organizational-methodical, psychological, pedagogical, technological, are grounded.We understand the organizational and methodological conditions as interconnected prerequisites that ensure the purposeful management of the process of forming the discipline of junior pupils. The system of organizational and methodological conditions is aimed at the planning, organization, selection of forms and methods for the formation of this quality.Psychological and pedagogical conditions are intended to ensure the development of positive motivation for the educational activities; implementation of the public norms and the rules of conduct; the value attitude to discipline and discipline of junior pupils.We understand the technological conditions as a certain set of circumstances and methods that ensure the effectiveness of the formation of discipline of junior students in the educational process. We refer to them specifically designed and organized forms of work with children, teachers and parents aimed at the effectiveness of the research process.

Potential investment to professional sport subjects

Purpose of the study.The introduction of financial discipline rules by the Union of European Football Associations started a new stage in the development of the football industry. According to the UEFA statistical report in 2017, football clubs for the first time reported a total profit of more than 600 million Euros, while a few years earlier the total losses of clubs representing the highest European football divisions were 1.7 billion Euros. This fact indicates a possible change in the investment attractiveness of sports clubs. The purpose of this study is to assess the presence of the investment potential of the football industry as a possible object of capital investment.Materials and methods.The study analyzed the data obtained from the official statistical sources, including a comparative UEFA report for 2017 on the licensing of clubs “Landscape of European Club Football”, normative legal acts regulating public relations in the field of professional sports, publishing in periodicals and the Internet, illustrating the practice and problems of professional sports development, as well as statistical data from the portals www.stoxx. com and www.investing.com. The study applies such methods of scientific cognition as a method of statistical and economic analysis, comparison, analogies, synthesis, as well as the method of measuring and aggregating data, the graphical and tabular method.Results of the research.When considering the shares of professional sports clubs as objects of capital investment, it is advisable for investors to pay attention to the functional type of assets that such organizations possess and the degree of diversification of their activities. The structure of non-current assets and the share attributable to tangible assets - sports infrastructure and other objects, is an important factor affecting the specific risks inherent in the activities of sports subjects, which allows to compensate losses incurred as a result of not achieving the goal set for the team for the season due to revenues from other activities that affect the investment attractiveness of the club.Conclusion. Based on the results, we can draw the following conclusions. The football industry has significant revenue growth potential. The increase in the financial profitability of professional sports subjects is accompanied by a rise in the stock index quotes, which accumulates the shares of European public football clubs. The comparative analysis carried out in the research indicates the attractiveness of these financial instruments as an investment object. However, such investments are characterized by a high degree of risk due to the specificity inherent in the professional sports industry. From the total number of factors affecting the exchange rate fluctuations of football clubs' shares, one can single out the most significant indicators such as the outcome and significance of the match, the nature of the tournament, and the sports (physical) form of the team.

REGARDING THE PROBLEM OF LEGAL REGULATION OF DISMISSAL OF AN EMPLOYEE

The purpose of the scientific article is to determine the purpose of dismissal of the employee and the reasons for such removal. It is proved that today neither current legislation, nor jurisprudence, nor science contain a single well-considered vision of the place of exclusion in the labor law system. It is noted that termination of work is always an intermediate stage, which will end either with the renewal of the employment contract and return to previous work, or with the change of the employment contract, or, even, its termination. It is substantiated that, upon dismissal from work, the main purpose is to protect the interests of the owner and employees, as well as to prevent possible violations of the rules of labor and labor discipline. Based on the analysis of the current legislation, it has been found that there are a lot of entities that have the right to initiate dismissal. By organizing data on the legal capacity of subjects to initiate dismissal, they are divided into three groups: a) entities that make the decision to dismiss and implement it; b) those requiring mandatory dismissal; c) those who raise the issue of dismissal. It is proposed to supplement the current legislation with a new reason for dismissal of an employee.

STUDY ON THE LEGAL BASIS AS A MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF GAME FIXING IN FOOTBALL

Match fixing on worldwide scale today is a business and a matter of profit. In this connection, the purpose of our study is to find out if there are national normative measures in place to prevent the Game fixing. The main method used in the development of the report is the study and analysis of literary sources. The results of the conducted study on the basic normative documents and regulations of the Bulgarian Football Union show the presence of a number of measures with a preventive character, which are aimed at the prevention of game fixing. Conclusions: 1. Legislative texts with subsequent sanctions are provided in the Republic of Bulgaria to prevent the fixing of football matches. 2. The Chapter of the Penal Code of 2011 includes Chapter VIII A, which is "Crimes Against Sport", and in a proven case of fixing of a sporting event, provides for a sanction of one to six years' imprisonment and a fine of one thousand to ten thousand BGN. 3. In the disciplinary rules of the BFF, a text is provided which, in the case of a confirmed game fixing, provides for the suspension of the competitor's or the official's competitions for a period of at least 18 months and a pecuniary sanction of BGN 40000 for the respective football club.

Concepts and types of administrative and legal means of ensuring economic security by the National Police of Ukraine

The author of the article has analyzed the existing doctrinal provisions concerning the definition of the terms “a method”, “a measure”, “a way” and “a mean” and the categories of “legal means”, “administrative and legal means”. It has been emphasized that administrative and legal means in the complex are one of the effective structural elements of the protective activity of state authorities aimed at the formation and development of social relations in various fields (including in the field of economics).
 The author has revealed the significance of administrative and legal means for ensuring the implementation of the security function of the state in the whole and administrative and legal protection, in particular, which became the basis for outlining the forms of administrative and legal protection in the context of its implementation through the realization of administrative and legal means.
 As a result, the author has offered own approach to the definition of the concept of administrative and legal means of ensuring economic security by the National Police of Ukraine. The analysis of the current administrative law and the practice of its application and, respectively, the powers of the main units of the National Police, which are entrusted with the task to ensure economic security, provided the opportunity to refer the following types of administrative and legal means of ensuring economic security by the National Police of Ukraine: 1) means of persuasion, positive incentives or incentives that contribute to raising the creative activity of legal relations participants, based on their quest for positive results of their work, to the realization of social and personal interests; 2) measures of administrative coercion, which are used for the purpose of prevention, termination of offenses, ensuring proceedings in cases on administrative offenses and bringing offenders to administrative liability. The application of administrative coercion is one of the important factors in strengthening the rule of law, discipline and organization in the field of economics, protection of the management order established in this area.
 The conducted research should become the basis for studying the problems of certain administrative and legal means of ensuring economic security by the National Police of Ukraine, which is a perspective direction for further scientific research.