Rubrum Infection Research Articles

Trichophyton rubrum infections according to age, anatomical distribution and sex.

Trichophyton rubrum caused 72.9% of the cases of dermatophytosis observed in a sample of caucasoids from Philadelphia. Tinea pedis was found in 84% of the female and male patients with dermatophytosis. Tinea manuum occurred with equal frequency in both sexes whereas tinea unguium was more prevalent in females. Tinea cruris occurred almost exclusively in males. Infections of two or more anatomical sites were observed more frequently in males. The data are compared with those reported by Rosman (1966) from a similar study done in Copenhagen.

Canine ringworm caused by Trichophyton rubrum; probable transmission from man to animal.

A case of ringworm in a 2-year-old male Dachshund caused by Trichophyton rubrum is described. The owner of this dog had tinea pedis probably caused by the same fungus. The authors believe that this is the first authenticated case of T. rubrum infection in a dog recorded in Japan, the infection probably having been acquired from man.

A study of the immunological status of patients with dermatophytoses.

22 patients with Trichophyton rubrum infection were studied for some of their immunological parameters. The trichophytin skin test performed with commercially available Dermatophytin (Hollister-Stier) gave immediate positive reaction in 3 patients. All the other patients gave negative delayed and retarded reactions. In vitro response to PHA of the peripheral lymphocytes was significantly depressed in patients compared to the controls. No relationship could, however, be established between the severity, duration or extent of the disease and the depression of the lymphocyte response. IgG and IfA were found to be within normal limits. IgM levels were significantly depressed which was probably artefactual in nature.

An outbreak of Trichophyton rubrum infection in a geriatric hospital.

The investigation of an outbreak of ringworm affecting fourteen female patients in two wards of a geriatric hospital, due to an unusual strain of Trichophyton rubrum, is reported. Most of the affected patients were incontinent and developed skin lesions over the buttocks, the backs of the thighs, or the lumbosacral region.

Mycetoma formation in Trichophyton rubrum infection.

SUMMARY An adult male patient with a chronic Trichophyton rubrum infection of the feet, toe nails and groin, for 15 years, developed on the dorsum of the right foot a tumour with draining sinuses. Histological examination of tissue from the growth revealed granulomatous inflammation with abscesses containing granules characteristic of mycetoma. T. rubrum was cultured from skin scrapings and toe nails. The concurrent complete clearing of the superficial lesions and the mycetoma during treatment with griseofulvin, as well as the disappearance of complement fixing antibodies against T. rubrum antigen, indicate that this hitherto unreported complication of a dermatophyte infection may be related and may not be coincidental to the infection.

Trichophyton rubrum infections in Northern Territory Aborigines.

SUMMARY Trichophyton rubrum infections are endemic among Aborigines living in the high rainfall areas of the Northern Territory of Australia. Over sixty cases have been verified by laboratory examinations. In this preliminary report a few early observations are mentioned. The clinical, mycological and histological findings to date are described and some comments on epidemiology are made as a forerunner to a subsequent report on this disease in these parts of Australia. In general, the changes seen in the skin due to this infection are similar to those often observed in sub-acute and chronic eczema. So far as we know, T. rubrum infections among Aborigines of the Northern Territory have not been confirmed previously by isolation of the causative fungus. The isolates of T. rubrum concerned are described as granular strains of the species. The colonies become increasingly powdery with age due to the production of numerous microconidia and variable numbers of macroconidia. These findings contrast with the fluffy strains usually isolated from Caucasians in Australia.

Experimental Trichophyton infection of intact human skin.

A simple new method of producing experimental Trichophyton rubrum infection in man is discussed. A suspension of fresh culture using a granular colony was applied under occlusion on areas of skin. Occlusion was removed after 5 days and a semi-occlusive dressing applied. It was possible to induce typical ringed or discoid lesions, which could persist for a long time if semi-occlusive dressings were continuously applied.

Intercellular Antibodies: Presence in A Trichophyton Rubrum Infection

Intercellular antibodies have been discovered in a patient with a Trichophyton rubrum infection. Immunofluorescent (IMF) and complement fixing antibody titers correlated well with clinical symptoms. No penicillin sensitivity was present. While absorption with a proper ratio of trichophyton antigen removed all IMF antibodies from these sera, the serum from a patient with pemhigus vulgaris with a similar IMF-intercellular antibody titer was not affected by this absorption. It can be assumed that the specificity of the reaction in pemphigus is different from that induced by the Trichophyton rubrum infection although both may react with intercellular components.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Studies in Recurrent Trichophyton rubrum Infections

Many skin disorders are associated with diabetes mellitus. A significant number of elevated glucose tolerance curves were found in 29 consecutive patients with recurrent Trichophyton rubrum infections. To the list of disorders associated with diabetes mellitus, we suggest that widespread, recurrent T rubrum infection be added.

Dermatophytosis in Hong Kong.

SUMMARY. During the 2 years 1965–66 1285 cases of mycologically proven dermatophytosis were seen in the Government Dermatological Clinics in Hong Kong. Tinea cruris and corporis were the commonest forms of infection and T. rubrum was the species isolated in 63·7% of cases. T. rubrum infections were unusual in children, and when they occurred were most often seen in infants, in whom the infection runs an acute inflammatory course and responds readily to treatment. In chronic infection in adults lichenification or nodular prurigo are sometimes associated. T. rubrum infection of the groins very frequently spreads to involve perineum and buttocks.

Tinaderm and variotin - two topical fungicides

The treatment of fungal infections (‘ringworm’ or ‘tinea’) of the skin, hair and finger nails has been revolutionised by griseofulvin given orally. This drug is mainly needed to treat small-spore and favus infections of the scalp, and Trichophyton rubrum infections of the skin and fingernails, since this organism is very resistant to topical applications. Griseofulvin does not cure T. rubrum infections of the toenails; it is generally not needed for minor infections with organisms other than T. rubrum, and it has little effect on toe-web infection. Griseofulvin is ineffective in tinea versicolor (caused by Malassezia furfur), and infections by the yeast-like organism Candida albicans.1

Trichophyton rubrum infection in a family transmitted from a cat.

ZusammenfassungTrichophyton rubrum wurde von 2 Patienten und von 4 Katzen isoliert. Die Obertra‐gung der Infektion erfolgte durch eine auf der Straβe gefundene pilzkranke Katze mit Haarausfall am linken Ohr, am Rumpf und am Schwanz. Der neue Besitzer erkrankte 6 Wochen nach Aufnahme der Katze mit randbetonten Herden am Bein und im Gesicht; seine Frau erkrankte 5 Tage später mit Herden im Nacken und an anderen Körperteilen. Anschlieβend wurden im gleichen Haus noch 3 weitere kranke Katzen gefunden. Zum ersten Male wurde hiermit Trichophyton rubrum in Ägypten von Tieren isoliert.ResumenSe aisló Trichophyton rubrum de 2 pacientes y de 4 gatos. La infección fué transmitida por un gato enfermo, que fué hallado en la calle. El gato mostraba caida de pelos en la oreja izquierda, tronco y cola. El nuevo dueño enfermó 6 semanas despues de haber recogido el animal, con lesiones de contornos pronunciados en la pierna y cara. Su esposa se enfermó 5 días después con lesiones en la nuca y otras partes del cuerpo. Se halló luego en la misma casa 3 gatos enfermos mas. Es la primera vez que en Egipto se aislo Trichophyton rubrum de animales.

Studies on Experimental Infections with T. Rubrum in Humans and the Mechanism of Griseofulvin Effect

Experimental inoculations which form the subject of this report, were carried out as a corollary to our previous study on griseofulvin effect. In the latter, it was mentioned that the genesis of symptomatology of the disease on the skin is due to active mycelial invasion of the area above stratum granulosum only. After this is terminated by griseofulvin, the hyphae are replaced by spores (1). This event is also corroborated by mycological experience, that whenever the circumstances are not favorable for the mycelial growth, the spores are formed. The primary aim of the present experiment was to note the duration of griseofulvin effect, evidence of resistance to re-infections, if any, after the termination of therapy, and to observe the behavior of T. rubrum in experimentally produced lesions. It was thought, that if one could achieve the latter, a correct sequence of the tissue biology of fungus would be visualized. For this purpose, a group of 10 patients, who were clinically free of symptoms after termination of griseofulvin therapy for 7 days, was selected. The skin of the forearm was challenged by T. rubrum isolates with a procedure described below. Since we succeeded in producing the lesions, noted their evolution in a predictable range, and observed mycological findings which could be correlated to different phases of clinical lesions, the experiment was extended to untreated subjects with pre-existing chronic skin lesions on other areas. This was done with a view to find out if our observations in the first group were influenced by residual griseofulvin effect. Since no differences were noted between the above two groups, our findings are now presented as revelatory of the host-parasite relationship of T. rubrum infection and of the mechanism of griseofulvin effect. We think that we are able to show a definitive procedure for experimental inoculations on the skin, a predictable evolution of experimental lesions (in infected persons) and the tissue biology of T. rubrum in evolving and healing lesions. We feel that the latter study may lead to an interpretation of the mechanism of host-parasite relationship.

Recurrence of Trichophyton rubrum infection during treatment with griseofulvin. Report of a case.

A 34-year-old white female patient was first seen on Aug. 23, 1958, with a severe Trichophyton rubrum infection of the skin of both feet and both lower legs, and of the right thigh anteriorly, which had been present for approximately seven years. All toenails, and both thumbnails were involved. She had received all types of treatment, including maximum x-ray. A positive culture of T. rubrum was obtained on Oct. 15, 1958. Positive scrapings were obtained on two previous occasions by us. T. rubrum had also been isolated four or five years previously by other dermatologists. Because the patient had marked pruritus and occasional inflammatory vesiculopustular lesions at the margin of the involved areas, she was given triamcinolone, starting with 4 mg. four times daily, on Aug. 23, 1958, and maintained at 8 to 12 mg. daily. This controlled most of the objective and subjective signs of mycotic infection, but when

Clinical experiences with griseofulvin.

The advent of griseofulvin in December, 1958, stimulated general interest in the diagnosis and treatment of Trichophyton rubrum infections of hands and feet and also of Microsporum infections of the scalp. For the past 20 years we had been bombarded by so-called cures of T. rubrum infections of nails, palms, and soles, all of which proved to be useless in my hands. I saw such patients with a feeling of frustration and had come to the point where I advised that therapy was a waste of time and a needless expense to them. Since griseofulvin has received some acclaim in the popular press, many patients have presented themselves for treatment. This is not a true increase in the number of patients infected with T. rubrum. However, it is my opinion that T. rubrum infections have been on the increase since World War II. If this is true, it is indeed

Short-Term Treatment of Onychomycosis with Griseofulvin

Griseofulvin therapy of finger onychomycosis is costly and time-consuming if the drug must be given until the nail has grown out. Accordingly, we have experimented with shorter methods of therapy. Method The patients, all of whom had Trichophyton rubrum infections, were distributed in six treatment groups: Three grams of griseofulvin daily for 15 days. One gram of griseofulvin daily for 30 days. One gram of griseofulvin daily for 60 days. Two grams of griseofulvin daily for 30 days. One gram of griseofulvin daily for 7 days, and then one gram every third day, thereafter, for 90 days. One gram of griseofulvin daily for 7 days, and then one gram every second day, thereafter, for 90 days. The patients ranged in age from 11 to 50 years, 80% being in the second and third decades. Palmar infection coexisted in 90% of the cases, and approximately

Intermittent treatment of Trichophyton rubrum infections with griseofulvin.

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 72, Issue 5 p. 185-187 INTERMITTENT TREATMENT OF TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM INFECTIONS WITH GRISEOFULVIN. M. A. COWAN M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P. (Lond.)., M. A. COWAN M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P. (Lond.). Registrar, The Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Sheffield.Search for more papers by this author M. A. COWAN M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P. (Lond.)., M. A. COWAN M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P. (Lond.). Registrar, The Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Sheffield.Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1960 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13872.xCitations: 8AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume72, Issue5May 1960Pages 185-187 RelatedInformation

Treatment of cutaneous Trichophyton rubrum infection with human immune globulin.

Our interest in the treatment of cutaneous Trichophyton rubrum infection by injection of λ-globulin was aroused when Shector, et al. 1 reported a remarkable therapeutic and laboratory result in a patient so treated. A man, aged 50, had had erythematous, scaling plaques over the neck and upper back and on the right lower abdomen for seven years, which had partially faded during the winter months, but became more pronounced during the summer. Itching was severe enough to awaken him at night. Various locally applied antifungal remedies had failed to cure the disorder. Culture revealed T. rubrum from both plaques. He was given 2.0 ml. of human λ-globulin intramuscularly three times weekly for a total of 12 treatments. Within 48 hours after the first injection, pruritus was relieved and the involved areas became less erythematous. After the second injection, both plaques appeared normal. Three months later, the skin still appeared normal,

Griseofulvin, clinical and experimental studies.

Griseofulvin, an antifungal antibiotic agent isolated from Penicillium griseofulvum by Oxford et al., 1 in 1939, has proved to be effective on oral administration in the treatment of certain superficial mycoses. The initial clinical report of Williams, Marten, and Sarkany 2 indicated that the drug produced objective improvement and rapid relief of subjective symptoms in patients with Trichophyton rubrum infections and in tinea capitis due to Microsporum audouini. The study by Blank and Roth 3 confirmed these results with controlled experiments using a large number of patients with a variety of superficial mycotic infections. The chemical structure of griseofulvin has been established by several investigators. 4-8 A method of bioassay against Alternaria solani using a modification of the Botrytis allii hyphal curling assay was described by Gentles 9 who also claimed that he could demonstrate the presence of griseofulvin in the hair of guinea pigs previously treated with 30 to 40 mg. per kilogram daily for 23 consecutive days. He proposed the theory that the eradication of mycotic infections by griseofulvin was due to its incorporation in keratin.

Cushing's syndrome and dermatomycosis.

Introduction Cushing's syndrome, whether it reflects primary adrenal cortical hyperfunction, or hypercorticalism secondary to pituitary basophilism, is a rare disease. A review of the records at the Bronx Veterans Administration Hospital for the period 1948—1958 produced a total of only eight such cases. During this period the hospital was averaging approximately 9,300 admissions annually, underlining the rarity of this syndrome. Extensive mycotic cutaneous infection due to Trichophyton rubrum is uncommon in a temperate climate such as that of the northeastern United States. We are referring to the widespread infection rather than the localized variety of dermatomycosis, which may have started as a tinea cruris or tinea pedis and spread to involve the adjoining buttocks or feet. One probably does not see more than one or two new cases a year of a generalized T. rubrum infection in a New York City dermatologic center. The rarity of