Royal Commission Research Articles

The Postprint Pledge – Toward a Culture of Researcher‐Driven Initiatives: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”

Language LearningEarly View OPEN PEER COMMENTARY The Postprint Pledge – Toward a Culture of Researcher-Driven Initiatives: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?” This article relates to: (Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning? Emma Marsden, Kara Morgan-Short, Language Learning First Published online: April 17, 2023 Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Corresponding Author Ali H. Al-Hoorie [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-5978 Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, PO Box 10099, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia. Email: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorPhil Hiver, Phil Hiver orcid.org/0000-0002-2004-7960 Florida State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Corresponding Author Ali H. Al-Hoorie [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-5978 Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, PO Box 10099, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia. Email: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorPhil Hiver, Phil Hiver orcid.org/0000-0002-2004-7960 Florida State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12577 CRediT author statement – Ali H. Al–Hoorie: conceptualization (lead); investigation (equal); writing – original draft preparation (equal); writing – review & editing (equal). Phil Hiver: conceptualization (supporting); investigation (equal); writing – original draft preparation (equal); writing – review & editing (equal). The handling editor for this article was Pavel Trofimovich. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

The Slow Emergency of the Future

This article explores The Shadow Whose Prey the Hunter Becomes (2019) by Back to Back Theatre, an ensemble based in Geelong, Australia, whose members are perceived to have intellectual disabilities – a unique position from which Back to Back comment on the categories of identity and modes of perception of ableist society. Shadow is, in part, a response to the launch of the Australian Royal Commission into the Violence, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability in 2019, which has since confirmed that these conditions are widespread, systemic and of urgent attention. Shadow positions the typically able-bodied spectator as the subject of a negated future in which their fate cannot be disentangled from that of those with whom they believe to have little in common. A group of activists warn spectators of an apocalypse brought about by the invasion of artificial intelligence, wherein the spectators’ survival will be threatened by precisely the same circumstances that those who live with disability currently endure. Such a circumstance is the apotheosis and stakes of what Theodor Adorno calls ‘identity-thinking’ – the reduction of a heterogenous world to knowable and finite concepts and categories at the expense of, and respect for, difference, or the nonidentical. I consider how identity-thinking is a form of ‘slow violence’ (Rob Nixon (2011) Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) that manifests in the forms of intolerance and oppression Shadow engages with. I employ negative dialectics, conceived by Adorno as way of resisting such violence, to examine how Back to Back reveal the urgent stakes of identity-thinking and grapple with the possibility of a future in which survival is a collective pursuit.

A common language and shared understanding of family violence? Corpus-based approaches in support of system responses to family violence

Family violence is an enduring social problem with devastating impacts. The Victorian Government (Australia) Royal Commission (state inquiry) into Family Violence (rcfv) noted that language is implicated in the under-reporting and under-recording of violence, and emphasised the importance of agencies having ‘a common language’ and ‘shared understanding’ of family violence. Our analyses examine written submissions to the rcfv for frequencies and collocations, focussed on the construction and roles of human referents. We utilised corpus-assisted discourse analysis to explore whether community service and law-based professional bodies do have common vocabularies and if these represent shared ideas, responding directly to agendas set by those involved. Our analyses show key differences but also uncover a shared lack of agency given to victims and a loss of focus on the role of those who inflict these forms of violence. We argue for the utility of corpus linguistic methods to show empirically how language is used to construct conceptualisations of family violence across key sectors of the service system. We intend this research as a starting point for discussion between professionals working to improve cross-sector communication, by bringing linguistic insights to this deep-rooted social issue.

Making Sense of "Insanity": Law, Psychiatry, and the Royal Commission on the Law of Insanity as a Defence in Criminal Cases.

In 1954, the Canadian government established the Royal Commission on the Law of Insanity as a Defence in Criminal Cases. While its final report had little impact at the time, the creation of the commission points to the emergence of insanity as a newly complex problem within the context of postwar Canada. Spurred on by the growing psychiatric profession and the destabilization of capital punishment as a viable sentence, the commission quickly realized that the building blocks of its solution - legal and psychiatric expertise - were largely incompatible. This article explores the commission's problematization of insanity, which, far from providing solutions, highlighted the difficulties surrounding the integration of both psychiatric and legal knowledges of the day. The commission played an important role in upholding the status quo, and it provides an early example of the stasis that would characterize this area of the law until the early 1990s.

Restorative Justice, Social Cohesion, and Preventing and Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism: Time for a New Zealand Praxis?

This article assesses the “restorativeness” of New Zealand’s counter-terrorism approach as it is currently articulated after the 2019 Christchurch Mosque attacks. It applies a restorative lens to current policies, activities, and discussions in the New Zealand government’s efforts to implement the recommendations of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the attacks. Utilising a restorative peacebuilding lens highlights the need for further development of bicultural, binding, bonding, bridging, and linking processes to restore social cohesion and rebuild social capital in the aftermath of acts of terrorism and violent extremism. This expands the conceptualisation of restorative justice articulated in the Royal Commission of Inquiry, advocating for restorative peacebuilding as a key strategy within the broader movement for Te Tiriti-based social justice and cohesion, with Māori resistance and peace-making highlighted as critical processes. Restorative peacebuilding draws on learnings from global peacebuilding to inform Aotearoa New Zealand’s bi-cultural framework for social cohesion in response to terrorism and violent extremism. The article recommends additional conversations, initiatives, and resources enabling restorative responses to extremism and digital harm circulating in and through online-offline ecosystems. Keywords: Restorative Justice, Peace

A Techno-Economic Comparison of a Stand-alone Hybrid System for a Household: A Case Study for the Royal Commission in Saudi Arabia

It’s exciting today to use renewable off-grid sources for driving applications in the home sector (micro-grids). The current tendency is to use renewable energy sources to increase building sector energy efficiency and protect the environment. The economic element and the expense of building these grids is the biggest barrier to these applications. How to best choose the ratings and mix of certain renewable sources based on the location of the house is one of the crucial ways to lower the cost and boost the reliability of these grids. An efficient techno-economical design for a standalone hybrid system is presented in this research. A solar energy using photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, energy storage, and diesel generator are all parts of the system. This design is carried out by a thorough analysis of the techno-economical design of a standalone system to supply the required energy load for a typical residential building for the Saudi Arabian cities of Yanbu and Jubail. Yanbu, which is at latitude 24.0097 degrees north, and Jubail, which is at latitude 27.0726 degrees north, are the two cities’ respective geographical positions. These two cities were chosen for the study of the impact of metrological influences on building performance based on total energy cost, load needs, and energy consumption of the differences in their geographic positions. To improve the performance of the suggested hybrid system, some restrictions were chosen, including Total Annual Cost (TAC) and Net Present Cost (NPC). Results show that the proposed stand-alone hybrid systems can be used to increase the economics and energy efficiency of existing buildings. For Yanbu and Jubail cities, respectively, the optimal integration of a diesel generator, PV array, wind turbine, and energy storage results in a minimum energy cost of roughly $0.483/kWh and $0.487/kWh.

Perspectives of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) community members regarding mental health services: A qualitative analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Victoria is one of the most multicultural states in Australia. Many CALD communities in Victoria may have encountered complicated migration journeys and complex life stressors during their initial settlement, leading to adverse mental health concerns. This diversity necessitates public policy settings to ensure equity and access in health services planning and delivery. While the MH policies and services take cultural diversity into account, there needs to be more implementation of those components of MH policies that relate to the particular needs of various CALD communities in Victoria. Even though mental health services prevent and address mental health issues, many barriers can impair CALD community access and utilisation of mental health services. Furthermore, the recent Royal Commission inquiry into the Victorian Mental Health system drives a renewed policy imperative to ensure meaningful engagement and cultural safety of all people accessing and utilising mental health services (Department of Health, 2023). This study focused on the perspectives of people from CALD communities in Victoria regarding their mental health service needs, understandings of and experiences with mental health services to prepare an education package for mental health nurses as part of a larger multi-method research project. A qualitative descriptive design was used to collect and analyse the perspectives of 21 participants in Victoria, using telephone interviews, followed by thematic analysis. The themes and sub-themes identified were: Settling issues; Perceptions of understanding of mental health issues (help-seeking attitudes toward mental health issues; the need for CALD community education); perceived barriers to accessing and utilising mental health services in Victoria (socio-cultural and language barriers; stigma, labelling and discrimination; knowledge and experience of accessing health facilities); experience with mental health services and professionals. Community participation, mental health professional education and robust research regarding the mental health needs of CALD people are some of the recommended strategies to improve access and utilisation of mental health services in Victoria. The current study can contribute to the existing knowledge, understanding, practice and quality improvement as it vividly portrays the issues of various CALD communities in Victoria. The findings of this study imply that CALD MH service users and their families are likely to benefit in terms of improved service assessment and quality of MH care and equity when MHNs undertake CC training and bring that into their practice.

Meaningful work and unethical work: The crisis in Australian financial advice

AbstractRecurrent scandals in business ethics demonstrate that work is, on occasion, unambiguously unethical. It is not clear, however, exactly how the concept of ‘meaningful work’ can be applied to such work, and whether, for example, work can be both unethical and meaningful. This article explores three different conceptualisations of meaningful work: where meaningful work is considered to be subjective, primarily subjective but with objective constraints or primarily objective (adopting Alasdair MacIntyre's neo‐Aristotelian framework). These competing conceptualisations are examined in relation to the ethical failures in the Australian financial advice industry. From 2009, a range of parliamentary inquiries, including a Royal Commission, documented significant ethical failures at both individual and institutional levels across the industry, which caused substantial hardship to tens of thousands of clients. Among the subsequent reforms was a drive towards the professionalisation of financial advice through enhanced educational standards, a code of ethics and the development of a professional identity. This case demonstrates the different ways in which the conceptualisations of meaningful work can be applied. However, Alasdair MacIntyre's scheme of practices, institutions, internal and external goods is presented as a preferred conceptualisation of the case, accommodating considerations of both ethics and meaningful work and contributing towards a theory of good work in general.

Trans-disciplinary Dialogue on New Zealand’s Counter Terrorism Approach: A Call to Action for Researchers.

In this introduction we set the scene for the eight articles that follow. We begin by evaluating recent academic literature on preventing and countering violent extremism (PCVE) produced overseas before signalling why this literature matters to New Zealand security professionals today. We then situate this special issue in relation to New Zealand’s ongoing counterterrorism efforts. Taking seriously Recommendation 14 of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Christchurch terrorist attack on 15 March 2019, which called for the Government to establish a programme to fund independent New Zealand-specific research on the causes of, and measures to prevent, violent extremism and terrorism, we highlight the recent contributions academics have made to improving our understanding of the phenomenon of terrorism, violent extremism and radicalisation from a New Zealand perspective. We close out this introduction by signalling worthwhile academic contributions that remain to be realised.

‘Vulnerable Monsters’: Constructions of Dementia in the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care

This paper argues that while regulatory frameworks in aged care authorise restraints to protect vulnerable persons living with dementia from harm, they also serve as normalising practices to control challenging monstrous Others. This argument emerges out of an observed unease in aged care discourse where older people living with dementia are described as ‘vulnerable’, while dementia behaviours are described as ‘challenging’. Using narrative analysis on a case study from the Final Report of the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety (RCAC), this paper investigates how the RCAC (re)produced constructions of persons with dementia as ‘vulnerable monsters’. Drawing upon monstrous theory about ‘unruly and leaky’ bodies, extracts from the case study reveal how the RCAC repeated and reinforced monstrous constructions of dementia. Dementia behaviours, particularly ‘wandering’, were constructed through a dehumanising crisis frame that produced ‘challenging’ bodies and legitimised ‘last resort’ normalising practices, such as physical and chemical restraints. In failing to resist monstrous constructions of dementia behaviours, the RCAC accepted and authorised a regime of scaled responses leading to restrictive practices for control of challenging bodies in aged care. Although dementia care and restrictive practices received substantial attention in the RCAC, this paper reveals a missed opportunity for deeper review of institutionalised use of restraints that has relevance for ongoing reform of Australian aged care following conclusion of the RCAC.

Cultures of aged care delivery: Qualitative content analysis of Australia's Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety.

Organisational culture is increasingly recognised as influencing the quality of care provided to patients and residents of aged care, both in research and in policy. For example, investigations into quality and safety issues in health care frequently highlight cultural problems, but often without adequate theorisation of culture. This study aimed at identifying how cultures of care delivery are considered in the final report of the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, and its subsequent implications. A documentary analysis was performed on the five volumes of the final report using qualitative content analysis. Of 211 references to culture, the majority focussed on organisational culture (n=155), followed by the sector's culture (n=26), the culture of the agencies involved in managing aged care (n=21) and the national culture relating to the treatment of older people (n=8). These cultures were discussed in five ways: (1) highlighting poor culture as a problem (n=56); (2) showcasing the style of culture that should be aspired to (n=45); (3) reinforcing the importance of culture (n=38); (4) making attributions about factors contributing to culture (n=33); and (5) discussing the need for culture change (n=30). The Royal Commission's findings emphasise the importance of care culture and the need for change but provided limited guidance on how this should be achieved, or culture conceptualised.

Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future: The Legacy of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples ed. by Katherine A. H. Graham and David Newhouse

Reviewed by: Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future: The Legacy of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples ed. by Katherine A. H. Graham and David Newhouse Adam Thomas Murry Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future: The Legacy of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Edited by Katherine A. H. Graham and David Newhouse. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2021. ix + 487 pp. Figures, tables, index. $31.95 paper. Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future is an essential read for any scholar, government official, or student that is interested in the ways the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People (RCAP, 1996) has influenced efforts to improve Indigenous services, status, and policies in Canada. To many, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (2015) report is front and center for guidance on how to address the effects of hundreds of years of assimilationist policies, the racist and oppressive colonial ideologies that justified them, and the inequities they produced. What many do not know is that Canada already had volumes of insight and consultation from Indigenous leaders and community members in the RCAP; this book does well to detail them. Following the RCAP report, a series of papers were written to explicate how recommendations from the report could be actualized. This text is a collection of these papers, covering governance, health, economic development, education, child welfare services, policy, counseling and therapy, research, and public engagement. The first section of the book contains two chapters that outline the context of the RCAP and the definitions RCAP produced around sovereignty, self-determination, and self-governance, particularly in terms of health governance, jurisdiction, and responsibility, asserting the joint responsibility of First Nations and the Canadian government. This section also reviews important constitutional sections, legal decisions, and treaty agreements that empower First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities in our era, as well as the complexities and challenges given the lingering authority of the Indian Act. The second section contains eight chapters, or eight letters, presented at the 2016 conference Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future: A National Forum for Reconciliation, which commemorated and reflected on the 20 years since the RCAP report was published. Written by the RCAP cochairs, national chiefs of the Assembly of First Nations and Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, presidents of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Métis National Council, and Native Women's Association of Canada, and the minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, the letters present leaders' perspectives on the vision and intentions of RCAP, the history since it was released, how it has been used along with other reports to advance self-determination and self-governance at the local level, and what remains to be done to establish healthy and collaborative Nation-to-Nation relationships between Indigenous Nations and the Crown and federal government. The third section, which comprises most of the text, are chapters written by Indigenous scholars and non-Indigenous partners in concentrated areas affected by RCAP's recommendations. Topical areas include education, poverty, economic development, health and wellness, cultural safety, child services, healing, and research. With an impressive list of co-authors, such as Jo-ann Archibald, David Newhouse, Caroline Tait, and Amy Bombay, each issue is discussed both in terms of cutting-edge perspectives as well as RCAP recommendations. Central across all domains is the duty for governments to consult with the affected Indigenous communities in question before and during policy and program development, for localized solutions to be born out of respect for communities' self-determined goals, grounded in their right for survival as distinct cultural peoples, and with the long-term commitment to foster independent, healthy, and financially stable Nations. The fourth and final section, appropriately named "Moving to Action," is a set of chapters dedicated to raising public awareness and engagement, improving research funding opportunities and standards, writing and rewriting policy, and shifting public opinion. Despite the numerous ways this text documents our failures to achieve the vision set forth by RCAP, it simultaneously demonstrates [End Page 60] the many concrete ways progress has been made, with a hopeful eye toward the future. Adam Thomas Murry Department of Psychology University of Calgary Copyright © 2023 Center for Great Plains Studies

Herrnhut: The Formation of a Moravian Community, 1722–1732 by Paul Peucker (review)

Reviewed by: Herrnhut: The Formation of a Moravian Community, 1722–1732 by Paul Peucker Douglas H. Shantz Herrnhut: The Formation of a Moravian Community, 1722–1732. By Paul Peucker. [Pietist, Moravian and Anabaptist Studies.] (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2022. Pp. xvii, 320. $54.95. ISBN: 978-0-271-09239-3.) The premise of this book is that in order to understand the eighteenth-century Moravian movement scholars need to understand the formative years, from 1722 to 1732. Yet scholarship on Herrnhut's early years is "not as exhaustive as one might expect," notes Peucker. "No monographs on the origins of Herrnhut have been published during the last five decades" (p. 17). Peucker's study is based on an abundance of archival records from Herrnhut's early years, and on recent scholarship in fields "relevant for the understanding of early Herrnhut": radical Pietism, the history of upper Lusatia, and the history of crypto-Protestantism in the Habsburg Empire. He orients his study to the broader field of radical German Pietism and the contributions of the late Hans Schneider. This marks a significant re-orientation for Moravian historiography, which has often existed in isolation from the broader field of Pietism scholarship. There are two main genres of archival records: the congregational diary, beginning in April, 1727, that recounted special divine action with many miracle stories; and memoirs (Lebensläufe) of individual members (p. 19). Peucker, director and archivist at the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, makes impressive use of these sources, especially writings by Christian David, Martin Dober, David Nitschmann, David Schneider, Friedrich von Watteville, Melchior Scheffer, and Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf. Peucker's book offers some insightful and provocative arguments. Foremost is his conviction that Herrnhut is rightly characterized as a radical Pietist, separatist movement informed by the Philadelphian thought of Jane Leade and by Gottfried Arnold's writings on the early church, especially die Erste Liebe. Philadelphians promoted impartial, brotherly love and opposed denominational divisions. Peucker joins Hans Schneider in finding "Philadelphian principles at play in the Moravian church of the eighteenth century" (p. 17). The ecclesiology of Zinzendorf represents a radical departure from the ecclesiola in ecclesia of Philipp Jakob Spener and from Martin Luther's clerical church marked by sacraments and preaching. Peucker rejects the view found in later histories of the Moravian Church, such as Spangenberg's biography of Zinzendorf, that Zinzendorf was a Lutheran who wanted to keep Herrnhut within the Lutheran Church. Herrnhut was not a community within the Lutheran church, but one outside the church (p. 198). A second conclusion is that Zinzendorf was not only a brilliant organizer and leader; he was also an astute and deceitful manipulator in achieving his ends. A key question for this early period is how the new religious community in Herrnhut was able to survive at a time when religious and secular authorities did not permit religious activity outside the recognized churches. The answer is that Zinzendorf misled the royal commission when they investigated the community in January, 1732. Herrnhut survived as long as it did because it developed a narrative that [End Page 412] masked its true identity in order to make it more acceptable to the authorities. "Herrnhut masked its separatism behind a pretense of affiliation with the Lutheran Church and behind a chosen historical identity, that of the renewed Unity of Brethren" (p. 3). Moravians claimed to be a distinct church dating back to the fifteenth century and one ostensibly adhering to the Augsburg Confession; in reality they were radical Pietists living by Philadelphian ideals (p. 210). Zinzendorf also misled his own community. He incorporated Comenius's 1702 Latin Brevis Historiola of the Unitas Fratrum into his own "The Newest History of Herrnhut," adapting Comenius to align with the theology and practice in Herrnhut. He made Comenius's summary of the teachings of Jan Hus into a summary of Philadelphian teachings, making Hus into a Philadelphian. Peucker follows the unpublished manuscript of Joseph Theodor Müller (1937), who showed that Zinzendorf "deliberately misconstrued the regulations of the ancient [Bohemian] Brethren to match the Herrnhut statutes" (p. 127). Zinzendorf "forged" the statutes of the early Brethren, something scholars previously have not noticed...

The Prevalence and Associated Predictors for Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Patients With Thyroid Nodules.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid nodules (TNs) with the risk of malignancy are increasing globally. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence and the associated predictors for DM among adult patients with TNs in Royal Commission Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A retrospective study was conducted between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021. Patients with documented TNs based on the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) were recruited. Then the prevalence and associated risk factors for DM were assessed. Three hundred ninety-one patients who had TNs were recruited. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 46.00 (20.0) years, and 332 (84.9%) of the patients were females. There was a high prevalence of DM (24.0%) among adult patients with TNs. In the univariate analysis, there were significant associations between diagnosed DM among adult patients with TNs and age, gender, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level, hypertension, bronchial asthma, free triiodothyronine (FT3), white blood cell count, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides. In the multivariate analysis, there were significant associations between diagnosed DM among adult patients with TNs and age (odds ratio (OR) 1.037 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.012 - 1.062)), hypertension (OR 0.374 (95% CI 0.203 - 0.689)), FT3 level (OR 0.635 (95% CI 0.412 - 0.980)), LDL (OR 0.643 (95% CI 0.456 - 0.907)) and HDL (OR 0.654 (95% CI 0.465 - 0.919)). There was a high prevalence of DM among patients with TNs. Age, hypertension, FT3, LDL and HDL were significantly associated with DM and TNs.

From the ground up: assessing the face validity of the Quality of Life – Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC) measure with older Australians

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the face validity to inform content validity of the Quality of Life – Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC), a new measure for quality assessment and economic evaluation in aged care.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with older adults (66–100 years) receiving aged care services at home (n = 31) and in residential care (n = 28). Participants provided feedback on draft items to take forward to the next stage of psychometric assessment. Items were removed according to several decision criteria: ambiguity, sensitive wording, not easy to answer and/or least preferred by participants.FindingsThe initial candidate set was reduced from 34 items to 15 items to include in the next stage of the QOL-ACC development alongside the preferred response category. The reduced set reflected the views of older adults, increasing the measure’s acceptability, reliability and relevance.Originality/valueQuality of life is a key person-centred quality indicator recommended by the recent Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety. Responding to this policy reform objective, this study documents a key stage in the development of the QOL-ACC measure, a new measure designed to assess aged care specific quality of life.

Demotivating Factors in English Language Learning as Perceived by Newly Hired English Language Teachers

Many researches claimed that motivation is a great factor in the teaching-learning-process. On the other hand, only few researches investigated the impact of demotivation in learning. There are many factors that demotivate learners and affect English language classes. This study aimed to investigate the perceived topmost factors that cause demotivation in English language learning. The data for this study were collected by means of a questionnaire about factors that demotivate learners. Newly hired English teachers from ELPYI- JTI, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu responded to the questionnaire. They were chosen as respondents because they can literally connect to the younger generation. The collected data were analyzed by arranging the rating and ranking given for each factor. The analysis of the gathered data revealed a number of results. First, “Students’ Behavior” and “Teacher’s Behavior” are rated and ranked as the leading demotivating factors in English language learning. Second, “Poor Teaching Style” and “Poor Learning Style” are categorized as the topmost demotivating factors related to teachers and students. Third, “convenience” of the classroom is also perceived as a high factor of demotivation. Last, “Course/Lesson”, and “Course Requirements” are classified as the least demotivating factors that affect learning the English language.

Does pain matter in the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety? A text mining study

BackgroundPain is often poorly documented, assessed and managed in the Australian aged care sector. The Australian Government called for the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety (RC) to investigate the serious concerns, neglects and abuses including the inadequate pain management seen in the sector. This study examined the degree to which the RC discussed the issue of pain in their published reports and recommendations. MethodsA text mining study with a computer-assisted term frequency analysis identified mentions of the word “pain” in the text of two key reports produced by the RC: the Interim Report and the Final Report. Main outcome measures included frequency of mentions of “pain”, cumulative percentile rank of the word “pain”, proportion of words that were “pain”, and frequency of mentions of the word “pain” in quotes. ResultsThe word “pain” was mentioned often in the Interim Report (n = 10, 0.03% of all words, 87th percentile) and the Final Report (n = 218, 0.05% of all words, 97th percentile). However, the word “pain” was absent from final recommendations of the RC. ConclusionsAlthough the RC discussed pain in their reports, the topic was omitted from recommendations, reflecting a lack of attention to the presented evidence. Without specific recommendations for pain management, a disconnection may arise between targeted polices, programs and funding schemes, and the clinical practice. Thus, older adults living in the community and residential aged care homes may remain vulnerable.

Re-Reading Morant Bay: Protest, Inquiry, and Colonial Rule

Abstract The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion figures prominently in scholarship on modern Britain, colonial Jamaica, and the British Empire, as a milestone of post-emancipation protest, a turning point in British race-thinking, and a focal point for debates on martial law and British justice. This article presents a new interpretation of the rebellion’s legal and political significance. Focused on processes of formal inquiry, I argue that legal analysis reshaped the political “moral” of the event. For the rebellion’s participants and some British observers, Morant Bay challenged the practice of colonial rule. But beginning with the royal commission of inquiry called to investigate the suppression, formal inquiry displaced the systemic critique that had largely motivated the uprising. Focused increasingly on the nature of martial law and culminating in the criminal prosecution of Jamaica’s colonial governor, legal debate and analysis transformed the scandal’s moral center and turned Morant Bay into a new justification for further and more centralized imperial control. In developing these arguments, the article examines law’s capacity to read, write, and exclude competing narratives of empire. In so doing, it contributes to scholarship on scandal and legitimation, and offers a new interpretation of a seminal nineteenth-century debate on the use of martial law.

The Role of Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Happiness at Work at a Saudi Organization

This research examines the meaning, causes, and effects of happiness in the workplace in a government organisation, specifically within one of the Saudi Arabian Government’s Royal Commissions. It examines the impact of employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on happiness at work by adopting Fisher’s framework (2010). The data was collected using a simple random sampling approach, and a questionnaire survey was designed and distributed to employees working in this government organization. Three thousand people were targeted using the convenience approach, and the response rate was 23.5%. The demographic data analysis was conducted using a descriptive statistical approach, and the hypothesis was tested using correlation and regression analysis. The results reveal that workplace happiness depends mainly on organizational commitment; however, employee engagement and job satisfaction also contribute to the individual’s happiness at work.

Our dementia challenge: arise palliative care.

While many of the maladies of the 20th century are steadily coming under control, the march of neurodegenerative disorders continues largely unchecked. Dementias are an exemplar of such disorders; their incidence and prevalence continue to rise, in large part due to a steadily ageing population worldwide. They represent a group of chronic, progressive and, ultimately, fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Dementia has remained therapeutically recalcitrant. It is not a single disease, and becauseofthat, we cannot expect a single panacea. While primary prevention rightly gains prominence, those with established disease currently require a shift in focus from curative intent towards improved quality of life. Enter palliative care. The sheer number and complexity of needs of patients with dementia, from the physical to the psychosocial and spiritual, necessitates the engagement of a wide range of medical disciplines, nursing and allied health professionals. One of those disciplines, as highlighted in the recent Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, is palliative care. This paper shall expand upon that role in the overall context of care for those with dementia.