WSN Routing Protocols Research Articles

Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Based QoS Aware Clustering with Routing Protocol for WSN

Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Based QoS Aware Clustering with Routing Protocol for WSN

Detection of Black Hole Attack using Secured AODV Routing Protocol in WSN

Detection of Black Hole Attack using Secured AODV Routing Protocol in WSN

WITHDRAWN: Energy efficient routing protocols for WSN based IoT applications: A review

Abstract With the advancement of high speed wireless communication in the smart Internet of Things (IoT) based network promises several benefits to users, e.g., scalability, stability, and analytics. The most prominent challenge in IoT driven network is the transmission of the huge amount of data that is generated from the sensor devices which will jeopardize the longevity of the node due to excessive consumption of communication power. The research community is constantly trying to understand and resolve its challenges to obtain the best version of this technology. Therefore, providing solutions for network based crisis concerning energy conservation, reliable routing, congestion avoidance, network heterogeneity, security, and quality of service has become a paramount importance. Recent studies are primarily focusing on the energy utilization of the sensor node to boost the life-time of sensors. This paper provides an exhaustive survey on various energy-efficient protocols and mechanisms, e.g., IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), Energy Harvesting, Bio-Inspired routings, Fuzzy Logic based approaches and Sustainable Computing.

Hybrid energy efficient static routing protocol for homogeneous and heterogeneous large scale WSN

Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of nodes deployed randomly in an area of interest. Theses nodes have sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. In another hand nodes have energy constraints since they are equipped by non-rechargeable batteries. To handle this issue, routing protocols consist of designing the network in order to collect and transmit data with less energy consumption. In this paper we presented a new Hybrid Energy Efficient Static routing protocol (HEESR), combining between clustering and multi-hop routing techniques. HEESR is dividing the network into several levels. For each round, it creates clusters, route the collected data through gateways called Independent Nodes, elected using a new dynamic approach and introduces Dormant nodes. Finally, the proposed HEESR have improved network’s life time, throughput and other compared metrics, in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, and prolonged network’s stability zone up to 98.4% compared to LEACH, 98% compared to DEEC and up to 40.5% compared to SMR.

A Radical Study of Energy Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for WSN

For many decades, researchers and vendors are continually developing and designing sensors and wireless network devices for countless applications. These low power wireless sensor network devices have designed to gather and propagate data for applications such as environment, industry, habitat, patient monitoring, and many more to excel humankind— however, these devices also inherent many challenges and drawbacks due to the default hardware design. Subsequently, to mitigate limitations and enhance the capability, authors and researchers have investigated and conferred that minor optimization in modeling or routing techniques gradually elevates the performance of WSN. One of the primary concerns which remain on top of the Domain for discussion is energy conservation in WSN devices. Our primary goal is to analyze and design a cluster-based routing protocol for WSN, An efficient way to elevate the network performance. Finally, the emanate results showcase that the performance of the proposed protocol is much more optimized and favorable when combined with soft-computing tactics when compared to the conventional paradigm.

Secure Three Acknowledgements Based Quality Routing Protocol for WSN

Secure Three Acknowledgements Based Quality Routing Protocol for WSN

Energy Efficient TABU Optimization Routing Protocol for WSN

Introduction: This article is the result of the research “Energy efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor network: Examine the impact of M-SEEC routing protocols on the lifetime of WSN with an energy efficient TABU optimization routing protocol”developed in the IKG, Punjab Technical University, India in 2019.Problem: The task of finding and maintaining routes in WSNs is non-trivialsince energy restrictions and sudden changes in node status cause frequent and unpredictable changes.Objective: The objective of this paper is to propose an energy efficient heterogeneous protocolwith the help of a hybrid meta-heuristic technique.Methodology: In the hybrid meta-heuristic technique, the shortest route has been selected and the data forwarded to the sink in a minimal time span,savingenergy and making the network more stable. To evaluate the technique, a new hybrid technique has been created where the data transmission is implemented from the beginning under MATLAB 2013a.Results: The proposed technique is better than the existing ones since the remaining energy in the network is increased by 62% compared to normal nodes in MSEEC, 65% compared to advanced nodes in MSEEC and 70% compared to super nodes in MSEEC. The network lifetime was also enhanced by 70.8% compared to MSEEC.Conclusion: The proposed protocol was found to be superior based on the average residual energy.This paper proposes an efficient routing mechanism towards the energy efficient network.Originality: Through this research, a novel version of MSEEC protocol is carried out using the TABU search mechanism to generate the functions of two neighbourhoods to detect the optimum path with the aim of maximizing the network lifetime in an area of 200×200m2.Limitations: The lack of other routing techniques falls under swarm intelligence.

Optimized and Dynamic Selection of Cluster Head Using Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks plays an outstanding role in providing dynamic cluster head (CH) selection. However, the selection of CH is a major challenge due to erroneous CH selection and can lead to unbalanced energy consumption. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a hybrid optimization algorithm for CH selection. The proposed CH selection comprises three phases, which includes the setup phase, transmission phase, and measurement phase. At first, the energy and the node’s mobility in the network are initialized. The setup phase is processed by choosing CH using the Optimized Sleep-awake Energy-Efficient Distributed clustering, which is designed by determining the optimal threshold and CH using proposed Rider-Cat Swarm Optimization (RCSO) algorithm. The proposed RCSO is designed by integrating Rider Optimization Algorithm into Cat Swarm Optimization. Here, the threshold and CH are chosen using multi-objective constraints, which involves distance, energy, and delay. After determining the CHs, the data transmission begins from CHs to the base station. At last, in the measurement phase, the residual energies produced from the nodes are being updated. The proposed RCSO method shows superior performance by providing maximal energy, throughput, and the number of alive nodes with values 0.0351 J, 74.715%, and 18 respectively.

An Extended Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering for IOT based WSN routing protocols

An Extended Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering for IOT based WSN routing protocols

A Review of Routing Protocols in WSN

In the current situation, demand for WSN has grown rapidly due to low cost, small scale, lightweight and wireless sensors in various applications such as weather control, petroleum, and military applications. One of WSN's big challenges is to maximize the network’s lifespan. The lifespan of the network is commonly defined as the time the first node does not transmit its data to the base station. The dilemma can be overcome by data compression technology, which decreases network flow and also saves resources by merging multiple input packets into a single packet if confidential information becomes strongly clustered. A study of the routing protocols for wireless sensor networks was presented in this research article. For the long life of the devices, and the network, energyintensive routing strategies were used. That is the main aim of this paper.

Genetic spider monkey‐based routing protocol to increase the lifetime of the network and energy management in WSN

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) include large distributed nodes in the sensing field. However, the sensor nodes may die due to energy deficiency as they are situated in a hostile environment. Therefore, an energy‐efficient WSN routing protocol is necessary in order to better accommodate the various environmental conditions. In this paper, we have proposed a new Energy‐Efficient Genetic Spider Monkey‐based Routing Protocol (EGSMRP) to improve the stability and lifetime of sensor nodes. The operation of EGSMRP is classified into two stages: (i) setup phase and (ii) steady‐state phase. In the setup phase, GSMO‐based cluster head selection procedure is done. In this phase, the base station utilizes the GSMO algorithm as a device to generate energy‐efficient clusters. Followed with this, the steady‐state phase solves the load balancing issue by utilizing the intracluster data broadcast and dual‐hop intercluster broadcasting algorithm. Thereby, the proposed EGSMRP protocol has shown the energy‐based opportunistic broadcasting with reduced control overhead. Simulation is performed in various conditions to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed EGSMRP protocol using different metrics such as throughput, control overhead, energy consumption, end‐to‐end delay, and network lifetime. From the simulation results, it was evident that EGSMRP has achieved a higher performance compared to other traditional approaches such as EBAR, MCTRP, IEEMARP, HMCEER, and EFTETRP.

Hybrid Wolf Pack and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Multihop Routing Protocol in WSN

Hybrid Wolf Pack and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Multihop Routing Protocol in WSN

Improved chain based cooperative routing protocol in wsn

Energy preservation of the sensor become a prime objective of the routing protocols for prolong the period of sensor network and for efficient running of wireless sensor network applications. Taking this aspect into consideration, improved CBCCP approach has been developed that take energy, distance and node Density as parameter to choose cluster head (CH) and cluster-coordinator (CC). In Improved CBCCP, the network is partitioned into layers of fixed measurements and each cluster has one CH and varied no. of CC. Each CH and CC has the load of one cluster just to adjust the load. Data transmit to CH through normal nodes using single hop approach .Data transmitted to base station through cluster coordinator in type of chain. Communication distance is decreased by utilizing cluster coordinator for Intracluster communication and cluster head for inter-cluster communication. In comparison with CBCCP, Improved CBCCP balances the energy and prolongs the period of sensor network.

An Approach to Optimize Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Routing Protocols in WSN Using Sink Mobility

Clustered routing protocols with static sink suffer from energy hole problem. Sensor nodes (SNs) closer to the sink node work as a conveyer for faraway nodes, and these nodes deplete their energy very fast which causes an energy hole in the network. Using the mobility of the sink node is one of the best approaches to eradicate energy hole problem and to improve the lifetime of the network in wireless sensor networks. A framework which uses mobile sink concept with 4- or 8-sojourn-location path patterns in addition to one centralized static sink has been proposed to maximize the lifetime of the network by diverting a load of SN to nearby static or mobile sink. Furthermore, the performance of the presented framework has been compared with both homogeneous and heterogeneous network protocols named as LEACH-C and DEEC, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework of sink mobility is much energy efficient and improves the network’s lifetime as compared to LEACH-C and DEEC.

An Effective Energy and Robust Routing Methods for Air Pollution Data Monitoring in WSN

The world is facing major challenges due to the progress in technology. Usually, science has also both advantages and disadvantages. The emerged technology creates environment monitoring systems that assisted for the detection and verification of harmful objects. The automatic system is also being cause of pollution in several ways. So, the requirements have been increased to introduce a system to control the pollution. AP (Air pollution) is one of the most pivotal issues that is affecting the living souls. The wireless sensor networks have found a great application in the area of air quality monitoring. In simple terms, a WN (wireless network) is a collection of sensor nodes that communicate by radio signals or waves and detects crucial data which is used to detect the pollutants from the air. WSN routing protocols are specifically accessed for this purpose, such as EEUC, LEACH, DESCA and so on. In this paper, the focus is to bring forth the basic concepts of air pollution detection and some relevant data mining techniques that helped to make a successful air pollution detection system. In this paper, define an artificial intelligence field-based energy-efficient and novel protocol method for the network called Energy-Efficient and Robust Routing Method for air pollution monitoring in WSNs. In this method, sensor network is trained a large database comprising almost all scenes to create the system more efficient, reliable and effective in the atmosphere. In this method, works to increase the lifespan of the network and improve the energy consumption parameter. In experimental result shows that it output ELDC and some other routing protocols such as LEACH and E-LEACH etc.

MDRP: An Energy-Efficient Multi-Disjoint Routing protocol in WSNs for Smart Grids

Abstract Rapid increase in sensor electronics has expanded the call for sensor networks in IoT-based devices. Smart grid is a part of IoT framework, which can be used to screen and manage traffic congestion, electricity influxes, extreme weather, and so on. This is done through a network of transmission lines, smart sensors, and smart meters. It is required to distribute and accumulate information remotely on timely basis from different stages of the grid. The periodic data from the smart meters are transferred to MDMS through WSN’s. In WSN’s, depletion of energy due to unequal load on the sensors is a serious issue, which is to be addressed as it affects the operations of the entire network. To assist these traffic requirements and to boost the network lifetime, asynchronous work sleep cycle approach can be used to create node connections. In this article, an energy-efficient adaptive fuzzy-based multi-disjoint routing protocol in WSN’s for smart grids abbreviated as (MDRP) is proposed, where the next hop node is decided through fuzzy logic. Once the subsequent node is decided, a spanning tree is constructed with the sink node as its root, which calculates the optimal path cost, to transmit the collected data. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the proposed MDRP performs better in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, total energy consumption, etc.

Survey of WSN Routing Protocols

Many original ideologies are being applied as a solution to the problem of wireless sensor network with the rigorous experimentation and advancement in technology and research. This article reviews various energy efficient routing algorithms, classifying them based on the methodology applied. The classification is based on the design approach used to solve the basic problem arising in the construction of a transmission path between a source and the base station [BS] with a minimum of energy consumed. The pros and cons of the routing algorithm for WSN in the stated architectures are analyzed. The parameters to be considered in the evaluation of all routing protocols are summarized.

A Finical Surround on Reaction behavior Expert Routing Protocol in Sloppy WSN

A Finical Surround on Reaction behavior Expert Routing Protocol in Sloppy WSN

An energy-efficient clustering protocol using fuzzy logic and network segmentation for heterogeneous WSN

Wireless sensor networks have become an emerging research area due to their importance in the present industrial application. The enlargement of network lifetime is the major limitation in WSN. Several routing protocols study the extension of lifespan in WSN. Routing protocols significantly influence on the global of energy consumption for sensors in WSN. It is essential to correct the energy efficiency performance of routing protocol in order to improve the lifetime. The protocols based on clustering are the most routing protocols in WSN to reduce energy consumption. The protocols dedicate to WSN have demonstrated their limitation in expanding the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we present Hybrid SEP protocol : Multi-zonal Fuzzy logic heterogeneous Clustering based on Stable Election Protocol (FMZ-SEP). The FMZ-SEP characterizes by four parameters: WSN segmentation (splitting the WSN into the triangle zones ), the Subtractive Clustering Method to determine a correct number of clusters, the FCM and the SEP protocol. The FMZ-SEP prolong the stability period and extend the lifetime. The simulation results point out that the stability period of FMZ-SEP. FMZ-SEP protocol outperforms of MZ-SEP, FSEP and SEP protocol by improving the network lifetime and the stability period.

A Secure and Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Optimal Routing in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs)

Background and Objective: Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) is a specialized wireless network made up of large number of mobile sensors, where each sensor is capable of changing its location, relaying data to either the base station or neighbouring nodes. MWSN has emerged as a useful integral part of modern communication systems; however, its major performance challenges are lack of data delivery assurance due to mobility of its sensors, low computational power of its nodes, and some security related issues. Methods: Most of the existing WSN routing protocols are for non-mobile sensors and require considerably high computational power. Thus, not suitable for energy-constraint WSN with mobile sensors. Therefore, there is need for a secure protocol for MWSN with mechanisms that take into account the limited resources of the nodes and dynamism of its nodes’ locations. Results: In this paper, an efficient routing protocol for MWSN is proposed, not to only improve data delivery but to ensure reliability. This protocol is capable of selecting optimal multi-hop route among available routes for the source node and securely hops the data to the destination nodes through intermediary nodes. Formal and informal security analysis of the routing protocol is done to ascertain the required security level of the protocol. In addition, computational cost analysis is done to evaluate the computational cost of the protocol. Conclusion: The analysis results showed that the proposed protocol was secure and required low computational cost.