WSN Routing Protocols Research Articles

Effective Energy Path Based PDORP Routing Protocol for WSN

Effective Energy Path Based PDORP Routing Protocol for WSN

Comparison of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

The life of Sensor Network (SN) is mainly dependent upon power consumption. If the power dependence is managed efficiently, the network can go on for longer. Different protocols have been developed for power reduction of the sensor networks which have greatly minimized the power consumption of the said networks. Analysis of different routing protocols in WSN, and the results show major advancement in the life span of wireless sensor networks. In this paper classification and comparison of routing protocols in reduction of power consumption in wireless sensor networks will be present.

Analysis of WSN routing protocols for the application of forest fire prevention

Analysis of WSN routing protocols for the application of forest fire prevention

English

English

The Comparison Study of Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc and Wireless Sensor Networks: A Literature Survey

The hierarchical clustering is an efficient way to reduce the overall energy consumption within the cluster by performing aggregation and fusion of data. Clusters create hierarchical WSNs, which facilitate efficient utilization of limited resources of sensor nodes and thus extend network lifetime, reduce energy consumption of the system and provide overall system scalability. The proposed work of this paper is to provide an overview of hierarchical protocols and an overview of the protocol’s performance. In this paper, we present the study of different clustering routing protocols of WSN and Ad-Hoc. The main focus of this paper is to give the comparison of different hierarchical routing protocols between WSNs and Ad-Hoc on various parameters.

A STUDY ON LOCATION-BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR WSN

30Apr 2016 A STUDY ON LOCATION-BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR WSN Pavithra M.N and Chinnaswamy C.N. PG student, Department of IS&E, The National institute of engineering, Mysore, Karnataka, India. Associate Professor, The National institute of engineering, Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Cluster chain based energy efficient routing protocol for moblie WSN

Cluster chain based energy efficient routing protocol for moblie WSN

Blueprint on Comparison of WSN Protocols

A sensor network is a group of specialized devices that converts energy of one form into another that also designed to monitor and record condition at places of different areas. Commonly monitored parameters are humidity, temperature, air pressure, wind speed and direction, sunlight, volume intensity, vibration intensity, illumination intensity, pollution levels and Human Emotions etc. This paper provides the general idea of WSN, Unique features of WSN, WSN Node Architecture and Routing protocols of Sensor Network.

Threshold based Routing Protocol for WSN with Sleep/Awake Scheduling

routing architecture partitions the whole network in to a group of cluster and only cluster head is responsible for forwarding the data to base station. In this work, we have considered the concept of heterogeneity as in Stable Election Protocol (SEP). In heterogeneous environment, a percentage of the population of sensor nodes is equipped with additional energy resources—this is a source of heterogeneity which may result from the initial setting or as the operation of the network evolves. SEP does not consider the residual energy of a node while electing cluster head to increase reliability as well as there is no concept of sleep nodes to enhance network lifetime. In this paper, we have proposed a routing protocol which will consider the residual energy of a node before making cluster head as well as we have introduced the concept of sleep nodes, so that it will be reliable and energy efficient and results will be compared with existing routing protocol of same category such as SEP. Keywordswireless sensor network, SEP, energy efficient, reliable

Fault-tolerant multi-path routing protocol for WSN based on HEED

To solve the network performance deterioration caused by network nodes failure according to unexpected and unforeseen environmental changes in wireless sensor network WSN, a high fault-tolerant and energy-efficient multipath routing protocol based on the idea of hybrid, energy-efficient distributed HEED clustering protocol, called HEED fault tolerant HEED-FT is proposed in this paper. To improve the routing reliability and energy balance between cluster heads, the HEED-FT algorithm first introduces the non-probability waiting time, residue energy and centres to improve the cluster lifetime. Then multiple clustering parameters are applied with different hierarchy which can control the ideal topology distribution of the cluster heads. Finally, a multiple trees Gabriel graph MTGG model is put forward to get a reliable communication link with multiple clustering parameters which can ensure the nodes in an ideal cluster topology distribution. The simulation results show that HEED-FT has less energy consumption, higher reliability and longer network survival than the traditional algorithms.

Performance analysis of routing protocols in mobile wireless sensor network

Static wireless sensor network WSN routing protocols result in hot spot problem. In order to avoid hot-spot problem, routing protocols using mobile WSN can be used. In literature many routing protocols have been proposed based on mobile WSN. In this paper, initially mobile routing protocols are presented, later a comparative analysis is performed between mobility-based clustering MBC protocol and location aware fault tolerant clustering protocol LFCP for mobile WSN based on metrics such as stability period, network lifetime period and energy consumption. The simulation results show that LFCP-MWSN outperform MBC in terms of average stability period, average network lifetime, scalability and energy efficiency.

A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks using swarm intelligence

Efficient routing is an important issue for the design of wireless sensor network WSN protocols to meet the severe hardware and resource constraints. Swarm intelligence is a relatively novel field. It comes under intelligent routing protocols which contribute to the optimisation of wireless sensor networks. It addresses the study of the collective behaviours of systems made by many components that coordinate using decentralised controls and self-organisation. Many number of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks have been developed according to the principles of swarm intelligence. The routing protocols are categorised based on their computational complexity, network structure, energy efficiency, scalability, fault tolerance, path establishment, and many more. In this paper, we provide an extensive survey and study different swarm intelligence-based routing protocols for WSNs. We discuss the general principles of swarm intelligence and of its application to routing, design challenges for WSN routing protocols, routing factors, and taxonomy of routing protocols in WSNs.

Cross Layer Location Based Routing Protocol in WSN

Cross Layer Location Based Routing Protocol in WSN

Energy efficient chain based cooperative routing protocol for WSN

In this paper, we investigate the reduction in total transmission time and the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks using multi-hop data aggregation by forming coordination in hierarchical clustering. Novel algorithm handles wireless sensor network in numerous circumstances as in large extent and high density deployments. One of the major purposes is to collect information from inaccessible areas by using factorization of the area into subareas (clusters) and appointing cluster head in each of the subarea. Coordination and cooperation among the local nodes via relay nodes in local cluster (By forming sub clusters) helped to serve each and every node. Routing is based on the predefined path, proposed by new transmission algorithm. Transmission distance is minimized by using cluster coordinators for inter cluster communication and relay nodes within the cluster. We show by extended simulations that Chain Based Cluster Cooperative Protocol (CBCCP) performs very well in terms of energy and time. To prove it, we compare it with LEACH, SEP, genetic HCR and ERP and found that new protocol consumes six times less energy than LEACH, five times less energy than SEP, four time less energy than genetic HCR and three times less energy than ERP, which further validate our work.

The Research on Smart Home's Wireless Control Mechanism

In order to improve smart home’s wireless control measure and overall level of smart home, the current concerned problem is to design a wireless network protocol that is lowcost, easy to develop and oriented to the field of smart home. The paper puts forward the general framework of smart home’s wireless control on smart home’s wireless control protocol and specific applications, and designs hardware and network structure for this system. By combining with design and algorithm implementation of repeaters, the paper improves WSN routing protocol, which is based on applications of smart home, and geographical routing protocol, which is appropriate for this scene. Meanwhile, the paper applies double bounce greedy algorithm and routing void mark to improve the problem of routing void. In this way, it avoids from the generation of routing void to the greatest extent. Through the simulation experiment, it can draw a conclusion that comparing with GPSR protocol and GEAR protocol, the improved protocol has a great improvement on node energy consumption and effective avoidance of routing void. It makes network performance improve to a greater degree. Before deploying smart home’s network nodes, it should pay more attention to deploy the number of nodes. In appropriate node deployment, better network performance of smart home can be obtained.

Research on Optimizing Region-based Clustering for LEACH Routing Protocol of WSN

This paper intends to improve the current LEACH Hierarchical Routing Protocol of WSN, in order to solve the problems of uneven distribution of cluster heads and the imbalanced energy consumption caused by randomly selecting the cluster heads. This paper proposes an algorithm of optimizing the number of the cluster heads, which divides the clus- ter regions evenly according to the minimum distance of the cluster heads which are determined by the optimal number of cluster heads. Furthermore, our novel approach restricts the cluster heads rotation within the cluster region, with our opti- mized algorithm, so it can guarantee an optimal balanced point for each interval of the cluster rotations, which saves the network energy consumption, and prolongs the generation period of the network, and improves the load balance of the network as well. Therefore, our approach improves the network performance of WSN significantly.

Ant Colony Optimization Based Orthogonal Directional Proactive–Reactive Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are important in addressing the various quality-of-service (QoS) issues pertaining to different applications. The most important QoS issues while designing routing protocols for WSN are energy awareness, scalability and network lifetime. However to deal with these issues the solutions provided in related literature have certain inherent disadvantages like high control overhead, low packet delivery ratio and requirement of global location information. In order to resolve these issues, we propose an orthogonal transmission based scalable, lightweight and energy aware routing protocol named as OD-PPRP which does not require global location information and has low control overhead. The proposed protocol OD-PRRP has the characteristics of both reactive and proactive routing protocols and utilizes fuzzy logic and Ant Colony Optimization to identify energy efficient and optimal paths. The simulation results show in both static and dynamic environment, OD-PRRP has better network lifetime, low end to end transmission delay, less overhead and high packet delivery ratio than other state of art QoS aware routing protocol viz. EARQ, EAODV and EEABR.

A Survey on Cluster Head Selection Routing Protocols in WSN

Energy is the most important parameter of sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network. Energy Efficiency is one of the challenging issues.One of the solutions is data aggregation which will in turn reduce the traffic on the network. Data aggregation can be done through Clustering Scheme and this scheme will extend the lifetime of a sensor node through reducing energy consumption. Clustering will increases the network scalability also. The main idea behind clustering technique is it groups the sensor nodes and compresses the collected data together and transmits the data.In this process cluster head selection is the crucial part. So many algorithms were proposed for Cluster head selection. This paper will survey such algorithms.

Impact of Black Hole and Sink Hole Attacks on Routing Protocols for WSN

With the drastic growth of Internet and VLSI design, applications of WSNs are increasing tremendously that ranges from environmental monitoring, habitat monitoring, traffic surveillance to battle fields. In WSN a number of tiny sensor nodes managed by small batteries are deployed in a hostile environment to monitor the physical parameters. During transmission, the sensor nodes consume considerable amount of energy. There are many constraints on these sensor nodes such as limited memory, limited battery power, and limited processing capability. Moreover, these factors impose a restricted lifetime for the entire network. When sensor nodes send the information to the base station (BS), routing protocol plays the key role to deliver the information at the destination. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and LEACH-C is the well-known distributed and centralized clustering routing protocol respectively. In LEACH, the cluster head (CH) is elected on a probabilistic threshold value on a rotation basis and only CHs are allowed to send the information to the BS. LEACH-C is the modified version of LEACH and works on the centralized principle. Further, WSNs are vulnerable to many types of attacks, as WSNs are normally deployed in a harsh environment. So, security is one of the major challenging issues that need to be focused. Many researchers have addressed these issues on LEACH protocol as LEACH is the first ever cluster based routing protocol. As far as our knowledge is concerned, there is a lack of research in the current literature by considering both LEACH and LEACH-C protocol under some attacks. So, we have made an attempt to analyze the performance of both the protocols under some well-known attacks like black hole and sink hole attacks. Again, we plan to propose a detection mechanism which is in progress.

Cluster Based Multipath Dynamic Routing (CBDR) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

QoS of WSN routing protocols are measured in terms of energy-efficiency, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. Multi-path routing provides an easy mechanism to distribute traffic, balance networks load and fault tolerance. However disadvantage of employing multipath routing is delay in path switching and every node has to maintain information of every other node and has to update the whole information periodically which consumes lot of energy. So to overcome this drawback we employ clustering mechanism which divides the entire network in to clusters and multipaths are restricted to these clusters by which traffic will be distributed only to the cluster without propagating entire network and does not cause delay, energy wastage and increases delivery ratio between nodes. Performance is compared between proposed protocol and EQSR protocol by simulating in NS2.