Various rotary endodontic instruments were used and studied for the root canal preparation of the primary teeth. Recently, a new venture evolved in the field of pediatric endodontic, which was Kedo S rotary files. These are the files designed exclusively for root canal preparation of the primary teeth.AimThe study aimed to comparatively evaluate the dentin removal and taper of root canal preparation of Hand K files, Rotary Prosper files, and Rotary Kedo S files using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and instrumentation time using stopwatch in primary molars.Materials and methodsSixty-three root canals of maxillary and mandibular primary molars were included in the study. The root canals were randomly assigned to Hand K file (group I), Rotary ProTaper file (group II), and Rotary Kedo S file (group III). Dentin removal and taper of the root canal preparations were evaluated by using CBCT.ResultsAll the three file systems do not show any statistical significant differences at middle third and apical third but at coronal third, Kedo S removed significantly less amount of dentin as compared to the Hand K file. Taper of the preparations did not show significant differences, even though the rotary files showed good taper in maximum number of root canals.ConclusionAlthough not much statistical significant differences were observed in our study, the rotary file system performed slightly better in root canal preparations in primary molars.How to cite this articleSeema T, Ahammed H, Parul S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Dentin Removal and Taper of Root Canal Preparation of Hand K File, ProTaper Rotary File, and Kedo S Rotary File in Primary Molars Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):332–336.