State Of Roraima Research Articles

Uma breve história de retomada: a comunidade Lago da Praia e conflitos territoriais

Em abril de 2004, deu-se o início da comunidade indígena Lago da Praia, a partir de mobilizações étnicas dos Wapichana e Macuxi da terra indígena Serra da Moça. Sua criação esteve amplamente relacionada ao contexto conflituoso local, no qual a relação entre indígenas, fazendeiros e demais agentes foi historicamente marcada pela violência e a usurpação de seus territórios. Nesse sentido, as tensões sociais foram se agravando no decorrer dos anos, principalmente devido à conjuntura política regional, relacionada à luta pela demarcação da terra indígena Raposa/Serra do Sol e as “condicionantes” impostas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Em 2009, os indígenas passaram a vivenciar diversos eventos críticos e a ser coagidos para que saíssem da comunidade, ocasionando a expulsão dos indígenas de suas casas. Em 2010, o ministro do STF Gilmar Mendes fundamentou uma ação cautelar, favorecendo o Governo do Estado de Roraima e afirmando que a referida terra indígena não poderia ser ampliada. Este artigo trata desta retomada de terra, da construção da comunidade Lago da Praia e da expulsão dos Wapichana e Macuxi.

First report of human astrovirus MLB2 in Brazil detected in feces of children with acute gastroenteritis living in the state of Roraima, Northern Brazil

Human astrovirus (HAstV) 1–8 and highly divergent HAstVMLB1−3 genotypes have been detected in children both with and without acute gastroenteritis (AGE). One hundred and seventy fecal samples from children (≤5 years old) living in the Amazon region were evaluated for the presence of HAstV1–8, HAstV MLB1−3 and HAstVVA1−3, using an usual RT-PCR protocol and a new protocol with specific primers designed to detect HAstVMLB1−3. HAstVMLB1 and HAstV MLB2, as well as the HAstV3 and 5 genotypes were detected. HAstVMLB1−2 genotype was detected for the first time in Brazil at a frequency of 3.5% (6/170).

Descriptive study of the epidemiological profile of deaths by suicide in the state of Roraima, Brazil, from 2014 to 2017

Introduction: Suicide is one of the top three reasons of death worldwide for the 15- to 44-year age range. The Brazilian state of Roraima has shown indicators that draw attention when compared to national rates of suicide. In this sense, for the proposal of preventive measures appropriate to the state’s reality, it is important to understand the local epidemiological particularities. Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile of deaths by suicide in the state of Roraima, Brazil, between 2014 and 2017. Methods: Descriptive, population-based documentary research. The source of information was the database from the Brazilian public health system (DATASUS). The analysis included deaths by residence caused by suicide from 2014 to 2017. Cut-outs were established according to the variables incidence by municipality, marital status, age, gender, color/race, place of occurrence and method of suicide. Results: 176 deaths were reported in the state of Roraima during the period studied. The average mortality coefficient was 8,6/100.000 inhabitants. Deaths were more frequent among men (73.9%), aged 20 to 29 years (31.2%), resident in the state capital (52.8%), brown (64.2%) or indigenous (25.6%) and single (69.9%). The main suicide method was hanging, strangulation and suffocation (87.5%), with the domicile being the most usual place (72.1%). Conclusion: The results imply the need to act on the problem, which grows in proportion and gains prominence in the national indicators. Suspicion of suicidal behavior in the face of consolidated data may reduce the incidence.

Envenoming by the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus ruruima in the state of roraima, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological factors associated with victims of rattlesnake envenoming in the state of Roraima, Brazil. In this location, rattlesnake accidents are caused by the subspecies Crotalus durissus ruruima. This is a prospective observational study carried out at the General Hospital of Roraima from april 2017 until july 2018. A total of 37 alleged rattlesnake victims had their medical records evaluated. However only one of them proved to be by C. d. ruruima. All individuals were residents from the savannas (lavrados) of Roraima. The town of Bonfim on the border between Brazil and Guyana had the highest occurrence of rattlesnake bites. The most affected group were males aged 13–20 years and farmers. The highest number of incidents occurred during daytime and lower limbs (feet) were the most major affected part of the body. Tourniquets were used as first aid after snake envenoming in 32.4% of victims. Out of 37 patients, 16.2% were classified as severe cases of snakebite envenoming and in 5.4% dry bites seem to have occurred. Among the symptomatic patients, 100% presented local manifestations and 70.3% presented systemic manifestations. The clinical setting showed local effects such as pain and edema while the systemic effects were blurred vision, myalgias, myasthenic facies, palpebral ptosis, muscle weakness and headache. Laboratory results of aspartate aminotransferase (62.2%), creatine phosphokinase (51.3%), lactic dehydrogenase (37.8%), urea level (32.4%) and serum creatinine (29.7%) were increased significantly in relation to the reference standards. In 16.2% of the cases, the victims presented acute kidney injury. Patients were treated with anticrotalic serum in 70.3% of the cases and antibotropic + anticrotalic serum in 24.3%. The victims of C. d. ruruima in Roraima showed a local symptomatology similar to Bothrops envenoming, while systemic symptoms and laboratory analysis proved kidney and muscular injuries, similar to envenoming by Crotalus d. terrificus in Brazil.

Lutas políticas por populações indígenas em Roraima (Brasil) e o enfrentamento à pandemia Covid-19

Pretendemos apontar nesta breve reflexão a constituição de espaços de debates e de luta política que populações indígenas no estado de Roraima vêm realizando e divulgando por meio de sítios eletrônicos e mídias virtuais diante do quadro crítico de atendimento e prestação de serviço de saúde pública em meio à pandemia da Covid-19, chamando a atenção para os impactos negativos que as presenças exógenas em terras indígenas ocasionam, muitas destas decorridas da invasão e exploração dos territórios contra a vontade dessas populações. À “nova doença” estão associadas problemáticas políticas escamoteadas pelo discurso desenvolvimentista, que se inserem nas agendas econômicas governamentais para a Amazônia. Nesse contexto, a doença representa um mecanismo violento de controle dessas populações, que, além de não estarem imunes ao vírus, também não estão imunes à presença não indígena e de toda sua parafernália tecnológica.

COVID-19 in the Indigenous Population of Brazil.

Brazil has 896,917 Indigenous individuals distributed among 505 Indigenous lands. There are 274 different Indigenous languages within 305 Indigenous ethnic groups. The Indigenous population is susceptible to pandemics, especially to the current pandemic of COVID-19, which has spread rapidly. In Brazil, after the first COVID-19-confirmed Indigenous case on 05th June 2020, more 420 suspected cases, 1727 confirmed cases being 934 active cases, 715 cases with clinical cure, and 70 cases of death were accounted through the first week of June. The number of cases is underestimated, according to the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health (SESAI) database, since the deaths are due to respiratory failure, possibly caused by COVID-19, but not confirmed. The first COVID-19-caused death was a 15-year-old Indigenous Yanomami teenage from Roraima State without known previous diseases history and/or comorbidities. In the present study, the importance of social isolation, especially for Indigenous people who are more vulnerable to the COVID-19, was highlighted by the identification of the infection community. An Indigenous of the Kokama ethnicity was infected after coming in contact with a Medical Doctor who was infected with the disease. Later, it was noticed that both, Indigenous and doctor, were responsible for COVID-19’s transmission to 43 other Indigenous individuals (30 in Alto Rio Solimões and 13 in Parintis), causing possibly other confirmed deaths. The impact of COVID-19 for Indigenous population might be an unprecedented tragedy, and the government in Brazil must take emergency measures as the social isolation.

TRADITIONAL BOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE VARIATION BETWEEN GENDER AND AGE IN A MAKUXI COMMUNITY IN RORAIMA SAVANNA, NORTHERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

The studies over the local knowledge patterns between man and woman aim to understand specific characteristics of communities in order to develop better strategies for natural resources conservation. The objective of this study was to recognize the useful species and their forms of use in order to evaluate traditional Makuxi knowledge of genders and age in the Darora community, in Sao Marcos indigenous land, Roraima State, Northern Brazil. The botanical knowledge was analyzed, considering species richness, number of citations and plant uses between gender and age groups. The research was carried out using semi-structured interviews with 60 participants (36 men and 24 women), ranging from 18 to 84 years of age. The interview data were compared between genders and three age groups ( 60 years of age). A total of 69 species and 2.100 citations were recorded (men, 69 species in 1.446 citations; women, 52 species in 654 citations). For the age groups, 53 species were mentioned by the category 60 years. This difference was also observed in the species uses and in its parts, being timber uses the most significant purposes among men, and medicinal and food among women. The study provided an analysis of the profile of the Darora community, i.e., they are explorers of the natural resources, mainly oriented towards construction, due to the relatively recent occupation of the area (ca. 75 years ago), which evidences that they are at the establishment stage, as well as the need for medicine, probably related to the lack of health care, to the cost of industrial drugs, and also due to the belief on traditional medicine effectiveness. Results show that respondents over 40 years of age have more botanical knowledge than the younger ones. Elder men were considered the most knowledgeable regarding to the number of species and citations.

Simulated deforestation versus satellite data in Roraima, Northern Amazonia, Brazil

Cenários de mudança de uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia são necessários para subsidiar decisões que podem evitar a emissão de milhões de toneladas de CO2 para a atmosfera. Portanto, é importante avaliar modelos que visam a geração de cenários futuros. O atual estudo avaliou cenários gerados para o período 2011-2017 em Roraima, norte da Amazônia. Comparou-se o desmatamento simulado com os dados de satélite do PRODES. O mapeamento compreendeu (i) uma Área de Uso Silvo-pastoril – AUS (excluindo terras indígenas, unidades de conservação e não-floresta) intersectada com (ii) uma grade de nove (9) células de 10.000 km2 (100 × 100 km) para avaliações. O cenário de 2013 apresentou a maior similaridade (55,2%) com o mapa correspondente do PRODES. Apesar das divergências entre o desmatamento simulado nos cenários e o desmatamento oficial, no geral, as avaliações demonstraram a validade do modelo e a sua habilidade para gerar cenários que representam, de forma realística, o desmatamento ocorrido em Roraima no período analisado.

<p><strong>A synopsis of <em>Byrsonima</em> (Malpighiaceae) in Roraima state, northern Brazil</strong></p>

Byrsonima is the second largest genus of Malpighiaceae with approximately 130 species, of which ca. 100 species occur in Brazil. Despite its economic and ecological importance, the genus has not been comprehensively studied in Roraima, the northernmost state in Brazil. Here we present a taxonomic synopsis for the species of Byrsonima from Roraima, with an identification key, illustrations, and comments on morphology, habitat, and geographical distribution. Of the 19 species occurring in Roraima, three are recorded for the first time for the state (B. arthropoda, B. densa, and B. fernandezii). Also, one species is endemic (B. delicatula, recently described), and two (B. chalcophylla and B. schomburgkiana) occur in Brazil only in the state of Roraima.

Qualidade de vida dos portadores de HIV/AIDS no extremo norte do Brasil

Objetivo: Avaliar a Qualidade de Vida (QV) dos portadores de HIV/AIDS que residem no estado de Roraima e seu impacto sobre o processo saúde-doença. Métodos: Pesquisa transversal, descritiva, de caráter quantitativo, envolvendo 70 participantes, com idades entre 18 a 65 anos. Foram aplicados dois questionários, um sociodemográfico e o WHOQOL-120 HIV específico para avaliar a QV dos portadores de HIV/AIDS. A análise inferencial dos dados foi realizada através do teste T de Student. Resultados: Verificou-se que nos domínios Nível de Independência, Relações Sociais, Meio Ambiente e Espiritualidade/Religiosidade/Crenças, os participantes que ganham mais de um salário mínimo possuem melhores escores de QV. Evidenciou-se que os participantes que possuíam carga viral indetectável, apresentavam melhor QV em relação ao domínio Psicológico. Foi observada também maior prevalência de HIV/AIDS entre os participantes do sexo masculino. Conclusão: Observa-se que as questões financeiras influenciam a QV dessa população apesar dos grandes avanços relacionados à melhoria na qualidade do tratamento e também dos serviços de saúde. Conclui-se que Qualidade de Vida, envolve não somente as características biológicas da doença, mas uma infinidade de fatores que influenciam diretamente no prognóstico e na resposta ao tratamento.

Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera:Tephritidae): Riscos para a Fruticultura Brasileira

Os insetos-praga representam uma importante fonte de perdas agrícolas em todo o globo. Situação que é maximizada pela introdução de espécies fora da sua área natural de ocorrência, levando os países a elaborarem listas de quarentena a fim de proteger sua produção interna e não comprometerem suas exportações de produtos agrícolas. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa busca revisar e analisar o potencial invasivo e riscos da Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock 1994 (Diptera:Tephritidae), importante praga da fruticultura mundial e praga quarentenária presente no Brasil. Bactrocera carambolae é uma espécie de mosca-das-frutas oriunda do sudeste asiático e que infesta uma grande diversidade de frutíferas, tanto nativas, como de interesse econômico. No Brasil, seu registro inicial é datado de 1996 no estado do Amapá, e atualmente além desse estado, foi reportada nos estados do Pará e Roraima. No país já infesta 21 hospedeiros, entre eles acerola, carambola, caju, goiaba, manga e tangerina, e apresenta potencial de adentrar mercados agrícolas importantes, como o polo de fruticultura irrigada do Vale do São Francisco. Bactrocera carambolae representa sérios riscos para a fruticultura brasileira, principalmente pela potencial exclusão de mercados para exportação de frutas. Dessa forma, ações de controle e erradicação dessa praga precisam ser mantidas e aperfeiçoadas, buscando-se evitar severos danos socioeconômicos para a cadeia produtiva de frutas no Brasil.

Dos nuevos registros de Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) en el estado de Roraima, Brasil

Adult triatomines were collected with a luminous trap and by hand in June and November 2016 in the Mucajai and Sao Joao da Baliza counties, in Center-Southern and Southern Roraima. Brazil. Eratyrus mucronatus Stal, 1859 and Rhodnius montenegrensis Rosa et al. 2012 are recorded forthe first time in the Roraima state. The finding of E. mucronatus and R. montenegrensis in that area has expanded their known geographical distribution within Brazil and increased the number of records of triatomine species in Roraima state from 4 to 6.

Ocorrência de <i>Lecanodiaspis dendrobii</i> (Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae) e do parasitoide associado Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em mogno africano no Brasil

A expansão do cultivo de mogno africano no Brasil, assim como outras espécies exóticas, remete ao surgimento de pragas e doenças até então não relatadas na literatura. Nesse sentido, amostras suspeitas de conter uma nova espécie de cochonilha atacando a casca, ramos e hastes de plantas de mogno africano e parasitadas por um microhimenóptero, foram coletadas em um plantio de dez hectares, com cinco anos de idade em uma fazenda no município de Cantá, Roraima, Brasil. O material amostrado continha cochonilhas lecanodiaspidídeos, em todas as fases de desenvolvimento, ovos, ninfas e adultos, machos e fêmeas, as quais foram identificadas como Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae). O parasitoide associado foi identificado como Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) apresentando grande potencial no controle biológico de Lecanodiaspis dendrobii. Este é o primeiro registro de ataque da cochonilha Lecanodiaspis dendrobii (Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae) e do parasitoide associado Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em mogno africano no Brasil.

Estudo epidemiológico sobre o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) em indígenas do estado de Roraima entre 2010 a 2018

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de HIV/AIDS entre indígenas do Estado de Roraima no período de 2010 a 2018. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, epidemiológico, transversal de método quantitativo. Foram coletados dados secundários, proveniente do Sistema de Informação do Ministério da Saúde (MS), do DATASUS, com a evolução temporal das taxas de prevalência de AIDS em indígenas do Estado de Roraima, restritas ao período de 2010 a 2018. Foram analisadas as varáveis sócio demográficas: distribuição por município de residência, faixa etária, escolaridade e categoria de exposição. Os dados foram organizados e tabulados por meio de planilhas do Microsoft Excel 2010, juntamente com a elaboração de gráficos. Resultados: Constatou-se que os maiores percentuais de infecção HIV/AIDS entre indígenas estão entre o sexo masculino, e as faixas etárias mais acometidas são de 20 a 39 anos, com escolaridade entre 1ª a 4ª serie incompleta com 25% de casos, e ensino médio com 16% de casos, respectivamente. A principal categoria de exposição é a heterossexual. Conclusão: A prevalência da AIDS é uma realidade entre os povos indígenas e que devido a sua incidência e pelo seu status de cronicidade e por não haver cura o número de casos está aumentando constantemente.

First record of the caddisfly Notidobiella amazoniana Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2010 (Trichoptera, Sericostomatidae) from Roraima state, northern Brazil

Notidobiella amazoniana Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2010 was known only from the type locality in Amazonas state, Brazil. Herein, we provide the first record of N. amazoniana for Roraima state, thus extending the geographic range of this species to the northernmost state of Brazil. Its occurrence in Roraima also represents the first record of the family Sericostomatidae for the state and the most northern record of the genus in South America. Information on the holotype of N. amazoniana and a distribution map for all species of Notidobiella are provided.

Smicridea (Smicridea) nigripennis species group (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Brazil: new species, new distributional records and an identification key

AbstractThree new species in the Smicridea (Smicridea) nigripennis species group are described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Serra da Mocidade National Park and Serra do Tepequém in the northern mountain range of Brazilian Amazonia, Roraima State, and in Rio Formosinho located in Cerrado biome of midwestern Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State. Smicridea (Smicridea) mocidade Desidério & Rázuri‐Gonzales, sp. nov., Smicridea (Smicridea) santosi Desidério & Rázuri‐Gonzales, sp. nov. and Smicridea (Smicridea) tepequensis Desidério & Rázuri‐Gonzales, sp. nov. can be recognised mainly by the morphology of the phallic apparatus. New distributional records are provided for Smicridea (Smicridea) caatinga Alves et al., 2018, Smicridea (Smicridea) franciscana Rocha et al., 2016, Smicridea (Smicridea) mirnae Almeida & Flint, 2002 and Smicridea (Smicridea) palifera Flint, 1981. Smicridea (Smicridea) cornuta Flint, 1974 is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Additionally, a key to identify males of the 10 species in the Smicridea (Smicridea) nigripennis species group known from Brazil is provided.

Identification of lipophylic constituents of the nest of Frieseomelitta silvestrii (FRIESE, 1902)

Bees are becoming more and more valued for the extremely important role they play in ecological communities, especially for their pollinating action. The state of Roraima, Brazil has areas of native vegetation and variety of stingless bees, and this potential is still untapped. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of materials collected from the nests of Frieseomelitta silvestrii (FRIESE, 1902), identified in São Luiz, in Roraima state, Brazil. The chemical composition of the collected material was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The dichloromethane extracts of propolis, cerumen threads and resin present in the stingless bee nest presented differentiated profiles with the occurrence of low polarity compounds.

Pest potencial of Sitophilus zeamais on Brazil nut under storage conditions

The Brazil nut, fruit of Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K., a native plant of the Amazon region and may be considered one of the main extractivist products of countries like Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil. In Brazil this plant can be found in the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins. Species of the Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, have been classified as pest potentials of Brazil nut under storage conditions. Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main insect pests attacking grain stores worldwide. This specie may be observed attacking grains in the field and in storage facilities (cross-infestation), presenting a wide variety of hosts. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of adults of this species feed on Brazil nuts, and also to identify the type of injury as well as the life span of this coleopteran exposed to the meat of the Brazil nut. No feeding injury was observed on the surface of Brazil nuts and the life span of the insects was similar in treatments both with and without this food source in all populations evaluated. Due to the fact that S. zeamais adults do not injure, or feed on the Brazil nut, this beetle is not able to colonize this product and therefore may be considered a non-pest insect for stored Bertholletia excelsa almonds stored.

ENTRE LINHAS, MEMÓRIAS E DELICADEZAS: PROPOSIÇÕES EDUCATIVAS E PERFORMATIVAS PARA PENSAR A EDUCAÇÃO E A ARTE

The following article is a clipping from my post-doctoral research that is being conducted in the field of Education. It aims to create educational/performative propositions that address intercultural issues based on narratives already produced by the people of the Brazilian cities of Boa Vista-RR and Florianópolis-SC. His methodological outline is based on Hélio Oiticica's ideas and is in accordance with the concept of "ambiance" contained in his Environmental Program, where he "proposes a total, complete manifestation of the artist in his creations, which could be propositions for the participation of the spectator”(Oiticica, 2011, p.81). Its construction will take place through lines and embroideries from fragments of texts, music and / or visual works that contain cultural elements constituting the identities of the peoples of the states of Roraima and Santa Catarina, and especially of their capitals, establishing intercultural dialogues between North and South of Brazil. The creations are being thought from an aesthetic of delicacy, as proposed by Denilson Lopes (2007, pp.29-30) "hybrid, intertextual, transemiotic, multimedia, centered on categories and transversal concepts". Lines, fabrics, needles, looms and bobbins are good elements to deal with delicacy. I venture to say that there is nothing better than to tell the knowledge produced in the narratives here and thereby sewing and gently hybridizing them. They can be the narratives themselves since they have cultural knowledge. The act of embroidering, as well as the delicacy, is "a minor gesture" that makes us experience slowness, care, patience and also gives us the freedom to play with memories, affections, establish concepts, categories. Embroidery is a constant invitation to simplicity, appreciation or the look for small things, in the same way, causes us to the difficult exercise of trimming edges, avoiding excesses or ... look at the edges and excesses from another perspective, since often the most beautiful side of the embroidery is inside out. Cultural/ethnic/conceptual encounters and clashes are far from being temporarily distant from us. Instead. We are immersed in this time, and in order to cross it, we must reinvent ourselves and be able to see the "lightness present even in the midst of the greatest lack of control. In the midst of delirium, of the world, walk as if on the edge of a placid lake” (Lopes, 2007, 77). Several are "the people of Brazil" and their identities and intercultural processes. Knowing and understanding these processes is of great importance for us to think about an education that is attentive to the knowledge and actions of its peoples.

Fatal Rattlesnake Envenomation in Northernmost Brazilian Amazon: A Case Report and Literature Overview

Snakebite envenomations are classified as Category A Neglected Tropical Diseases by the World Health Organization. In Brazil, 405 snake species are distributed among 11 families, with the genera Bothrops and Crotalus being the most studied and main responsible for severe and lethal envenomations. In the country, Crotalus genus (i.e., rattlesnakes) is represented by Crotalus durissus species, showing seven different subspecies distributed along the country, including Crotalus durissus ruruima, which inhabits Roraima, the Brazilian nothermost state from Amazon forest. Here, we report a fatal case of a severe envenomation following a rattlesnake bite. The patient presented classic crotalic neurological signs and symptoms such as ptosis, drooling of saliva, sluggishness, macroscopic hematuria, and oliguria, which evolved to acute kidney failure (AKF) and hemodynamic instability. Although the patient was treated with the specific antivenom therapy, the severe envenomation resulted in three cardiac arrests and death of the victim in less than 38 h. This study discusses the causes of the patient death, the features of rattlesnake venom-induced AKF, and shows evidences that the Brazilian crotalic antivenom should be improved to treat rattlesnake envenomations caused by C. d. ruruima venom in Roraima state.