Asparagus Racemosus Root Research Articles

Green synthesis and characterization of bisphosphonate conjugated gold nanoparticle with Asparagus racemosus root extract.

Bisphosphonates improve orthodontic anchorage. More targeted action of this drug can be achieved through its conjugation with gold nanoparticles. Asparagus racemosus is a green edible medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic preparations to treat aging, vigor, immunity, longevity, and skeletal issues. Therefore, it is of interest to report the green synthesized Bisphosphonate conjugated gold nanoparticles with Asparagus racemosus extract and to characterize them.

Oral Toxicity Studies, Histopathology, and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Polyherbal Extract in STZ Induced Diabetes in Rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease and endocrine disorder. It is a growing health problem in various countries. The prevalence of diabetes is rising worldwide; around 5.4% rise in patients with diabetes is expected by 2025. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that 173 million adults are suffering from diabetes mellitus in developing counties. In this research, estimation of glucose levels was performed in Wistar rats post-induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. Metformin has been used as a standard dose for treatment. This study demonstrated the acute oral toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca leaves and Asparagus racemosus roots and evaluated the antidiabetic activity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and sub-acute toxicity of the polyherbal ethanolic extract on vital organs. The visible changes in the organs of each group of Wistar rats were also determined in this study. Moreover, the hypoglycaemic action of the polyherbal extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus was also explored. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups for assessing acute oral toxicity. Groups were administered doses of 5,50, 300, and 2000mg/kg body weight of the polyherbal extract. Subacute oral toxicity studies were performed by administering a polyherbal extract of 250, 500, 1000mg/kg body weight. For evaluating the antidiabetic activity, animals were divided into 5 groups. In group 1 (normal control), saline was administered; in group 2, standard drug Metformin was administered; in group 3, no drug was given to rats with diabetes (Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic with 150mg/kg body weight), thus forming the diseased group. In group 4, ethanolic extract with 100mg/kg group was administered, and in group 5, ethanolic extract of 200mg/kg was administered. On the last day, the blood glucose levels and body weights of rats were examined. Histopathology studies were conducted by sacrificing the animals, isolating the organs, such as tissue pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney, and placing them on slides using a microscopic examination. Data were selected by searching the articles in the databases, such as NCBI, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, and PubMed from 1989 to 2020 by using keywords, such as “Antidiabetic,” “Saraca indica,” “Asparagus racemosus,” “ethanolic polyherbal extract,” “oral toxicity study,” “histopathology,” and “Streptozotocin.” Results: The polyherbal ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg showed better effects against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats having 150 mg/kg body weight. Regarding acute toxicity and subacute oral toxicity studies, all the extracts showed significant values (P <0.05) and were found to be safe and non-toxic. The body weight was also improved; no inflammation and erosion were seen on any organs of the Wistar rat in a histopathology analysis. Conclusions: The polyherbal ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus showed hypoglycaemic activity against STZ-induced diabetes in experimental Wistar rats. The results showed the beneficial effects of these ethanolic extracts, improving the body weight and changes in lipid metabolism and protecting the organs of Wistar rats, such as the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, lungs, and heart, against impairment of blood glucose. All organs were weighted, tissues from organs were isolated, then stained using eosin dye, and changes were observed by microscopy photos. No signs of inflammation and erosion were reported at the end of the study, indicating the healing action of the extract.

Bactericidal action of copper nanoparticles synthesized from methanolic root extract of Asparagus racemosus

The main aim of the study is to exhibit an antibacterial activity using copper nanoparticles against two bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Initially, Copper nanoparticles were synthesized by using the Asparagus racemosus root extract and the centrifuged copper nanoparticles were dried in normal room temperature for the future use. Then Ultra Violet analysis, X-ray Diffraction method, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to characterize for the confirmation of copper nanoparticles. The antibacterial activities were experimentally studied using two pathogens (Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) and this result shows a very good antibacterial activity in biosynthesized copper nanoparticles.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NARASIMHA CHURNA FOR AMYLOLYTIC ACTIVITY

Ayurvedic medicines play an important role in immune problems due to safety and efficacy in it. Hence Narsimha Churna meant for amylolytic activity has been formulated by standard procedures and evaluated by physical and analytical methods. The formulation consists of fine powder (sieve 60 size) of dried roots of Asparagus racemosus, fruits of Tribulus terrestris, rhizome of Dioscorea bulbifera, steam of Tinospora cordifolia and fruit of Semecarpus anacardium in appropriate proportions (2:2:1:1) and mixed well. Physical parameters viz, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water extractive values, alcohol soluble extractive values and crude fibre content besides heavy metal analysis were carried out. The microbial load of formulation for Escherichia coli was also determined. The efficiency of churna for finds the amylolytic activity. Ash values and extractive values were found to be within prescribed limits. The arsenic level was found to be 0.205 ppm. Churna did not show the presence of any Escherichia coli and other microorganisms. The churna showed pronounced amylolytic activity.

Evaluation of Solvent Extraction Process for Asparagus racemosus Root Extract through the Determination of its Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity Assay

This study is aimed to evaluate extraction capacity of different solvents through determining total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total saponin content, and an antioxidant assay of different solvent extracts (toluene, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, water, 60% aqueous methanol, 60% aqueous ethanol and 60% aqueous acetone) of Asparagus racemosus (A. racemosus) root. The 60% aqueous methanol shows the highest extracting yield, in contrast, toluene shows the lowest yield. Highest total phenolic content (220.8±0.74mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (219.3±0.64mg QCE/g), total tannin content (108.4±0.88mg GAE/g) were found from acetone extract. The methanol extract showed the highest saponin content (579.4±2.85mg ESE/g). Antioxidant potential determines by using various in vitro methodologies such as DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assay. The lowest IC50 value was found in acetone extract and thus it exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The highest correlation was found between phenolic content and the antioxidant assay. It seems that phenolic contents are responsible for free radicle scavenging activity. From the observation, it concluded that acetone extract rich with polyphenolic content and methanol extract shows the highest amount of saponin content.

Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Infusions of Different Medicinal Plants for Use in Obstetrics.

An X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to examine the free radical scavenging activity of the following infusions, which were nonirradiated and exposed to UVA: root of Asparagus racemosus and herbs of Mitchella repens, Cnicus benedictus L., Galega officinalis L., and Eupatorium cannabinum L. The plant materials for obstetrics applications were chosen for analysis. The aims of these studies were to compare the free radical scavenging ability of the tested infusions and to determine the influence of UVA irradiation of the plant materials on interactions of these infusions with free radicals. Both the magnitude and kinetics of the interactions of the infusions with the model DPPH free radicals were examined. The ability to quench the free radicals for the examined plant infusions increases in the following order: Asparagus racemosus (root) < Mitchella repens (herb) < Cnicus benedictus L. (herb) < Galega officinalis L. (herb) < Eupatorium cannabinum L. (herb). The analyzed infusions differ in the kinetics of the interactions with free radicals. The fastest interactions with free radicals characterize the infusions of Galega officinalis L. herb and Eupatorium cannabinum L. herb. The infusion of Mitchella repens herb interacts with free radicals in the slowest way. UVA radiation reduces the antioxidant interactions of all tested infusions, especially the infusion of Eupatorium cannabinum L. herb, which should be protected against UVA radiation during storage. The weakest decrease of free radical scavenging activity was observed for the infusion of the root of Asparagus racemosus exposed to UVA radiation. UVA radiation affected the speed of the free radical interactions of the infusions, depending on the type of plant materials. EPR spectroscopy is useful to examine the free radical scavenging activity of plant infusions, which is helpful to find effective antioxidants for applications in obstetrics and their optimal storage conditions.

Asparagus racemosus and Geodorum densiflorum lectins induce apoptosis in cancer cells by altering proteins and genes expression

A lectin (designated as ARL) was purified first time from the Asparagus racemosus root with the molecular weight of 14.0 kDa containing about 4.8% carbohydrate. ARL showed hemagglutination activity in both mice and human erythrocytes that were inhibited by three complex sugars among the 26 sugars tested. ARL was thermostable that mostly preserved activity at its optimum pH 8.0. Around 48% and 52.5% human colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cells growth was inhibited by 160 μg/ml of ARL and 256 μg/ml of previously purified Geodorum densiflorum rhizome lectin (GDL). Induction of apoptosis in HCT-116 cells was confirmed by Hoechst 33342 staining, caspase inhibitors, but ROS generation was only observed for ARL. The expression level of BAX and p53 genes increased with a decrease of PARP gene expression for both lectins. The expression of FAS and FADD were increased with the decrease of WNT after treatment with GDL. ARL inhibited 68% and 26% of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo in mice after treating with 3.0 and 1.5 mg/kg/day doses for five consecutive days. ARL increased the expression level of NFκB and arrested S cell cycle phase in EAC cells, in contrast, G2/M phase was arrested by ARL and GDL in HCT-116.

Neuroprotective Efficacy of Asparagus racemosus Root Extract on Hippocampal Neurons in Scopolamine Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a one of the prominent cause of senile dementia in the aged people, resulting in mental health deterioration in more than 44 millions of people worldwide. A great majority of currently available medication for neurodegenerative disorders like AD are synthetic in origin and the most of them cause severe side effects. In Ayurveda, an Indian traditional medicinal system, natural products of plant origin has used in since time immorial for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders with the minimum side effects. Asparagus racemosus a household plant is one of them known to possess various biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, adaptogen and Ayuvedic practitioners for neuronal disorders have used for it traditionally. In previous published study from this laboratory, we have shown the nootropic properties of methanolic root extract of Asparagus racemosus using behavioural paradigm. Asparagus racemosus have phytoestrogenic properties with mild estrogenic activities. Estrogen has been reported as potent neuroprotective in various in vivo and clinical studies. In this consequence, the aim of this study was to examine neurorprotective effects of Asparagus racemosus root extraction hippocampal neurons in scopolamine induced Alzheimer’s type dementia in mice. Materials and Methods: The roots of Asparagus racemosus were powdered and extracted in Soxhlet apparatus. The dose of methanolic extract of AR was evaluated for its neuroprotective efficacy against scopolamine induced amnesia in mice. Results and Conclusion: The results of histopathological evaluation showed that methanolic root extract of Asparagus racemosus attenuated the neuronal death in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG region induced by scopolamine. These findings indicate that phytoestrogen may serve as potential preventive and therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders.

Alteration in biochemical constituents and nutrients partitioning of Asparagus racemosus in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Understanding the response of medicinal plants to elevated CO2 concentrations is crucial to evaluate the climate change impacts on medicinal plant's productivity together with the accumulation of biochemical constituents counting nutrients wealth. The present study investigated the effect of elevated CO2 concentrations (ambient-~400±4, 600±12, and 800±16 μmol CO2 mol-1) on the biochemical constituents (viz. chlorophyll, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, protein, total sugars, and carbon partitioning) and accumulation of mineral nutrients (viz. potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium) in different plant parts (viz. leaf, stem, and root) of Asparagus racemosus Willd., an endangered medicinal plant species. The results confirmed that the elevated CO2 concentration significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the leaves biochemical constituents, viz. chlorophyll, protein, total sugars, and carbon content while conversely diminishes the ascorbic acid content in leaf. The accumulation of nutrients especially potassium and magnesium were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved while it is reverse in case of phosphorus under the elevated CO2 concentration. Moreover, elevated CO2 notably altered protein, sugars, carbon, and nutrients partitioning in leaf, stem, and root tissues. This study will be helpful in anticipating the effect of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration on medicinal and threatened plants and require further intensive studies to comprehend the effects of elevated CO2 concentration.

Preparation of rice fermented food using root of Asparagus racemosus as herbal starter and assessment of its nutrient profile.

The popularity of traditional fermented food products is based on their healthiness. The addition of a starter brings consistent, desirable, and predictable food changes with improved nutritive, functional, and sensory qualities. The addition of a mixture of plant residues as a starter or source of microbes is an age-old practice to prepare traditional fermented food and beverages, and most of the reported data on traditional foods were based on the analysis of the final product. The contribution of an individual starter component (plant residue) is not experimentally substantiated for any traditional fermented food, but this data are very essential for the formulation of an effective starter. In this study, Asparagus racemosus, which used as a common ingredient of starter for preparation of rice fermented food in the Indian sub-continent, was used as a starter for the preparation of rice fermented food under laboratory scale, and its microbial and nutrient profile was evaluated. The fermented product was a good source of lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium sp., yeast, etc. The food product was acidic and enriched with lactic acid and acetic acid with titratable acidity of 0.65%. The content of protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins (water-soluble) was considerably improved. Most notably, oligosaccharide (G3-matotriose), unsaturated fatty acids (ω3, ω6, ω7, and ω9), and a pool of essential and non-essential amino acids were enriched in the newly formulated food. Thus, the herbal starter-based rice fermented food would provide important macro- and micronutrients. They could also deliver large numbers of active microorganisms for the sustainability of health. Therefore, the selected plant part conferred its suitability as an effective starter for the preparation of healthier rice-based food products.Graphic abstract

Role of Asparagus racemosus root in the amelioration of hepatocellular carcinoma in rat"

Role of Asparagus racemosus root in the amelioration of hepatocellular carcinoma in rat"

Studies on the anthelmintic potentials of the roots of Asparagus racemosus willd. (Asparagaceae)

BackgroundThe Santhal tribe in Assam, India use the roots of Asparagus racemosus (Asparagaceae) as a deworming remedy. The study aimed to investigate the anthelmintic credentials of this plant, using two representative groups of helminth parasites.MethodsThe in vitro testing was conducted against Hymenolepis diminuta (cestode) and Syphacia obvelata (nematode). Parasites were exposed to 10, 20 and 30 mg/ml concentrations of plant extract, and efficacy was adjudged on the basis of parasites paralysis and mortality. In vivo efficacy was examined using H. diminuta-rat and S. obvelata-mice models where animals were administered 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of extract.ResultsIn vitro assay, against H. diminuta revealed that at 30 mg/ml concentration the extract showed almost a comparable efficacy with that of reference drug praziquantel (PZQ) (1 mg/ml). The in vitro efficacy of extract against S. obvelata was however lower than H. diminuta. In vivo studies against H. diminuta at 500 mg/kg revealed 53.88 and 24 % reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) and worm counts respectively. Against S. obvelata the extract showed 26.61 and 30.93 % reduction for the same.ConclusionsThe findings of this study present suggest that the roots of A. racemosus are effective against intestinal helminthic infections and justifies its use as an anthelmintic in the traditional medicine of the Santhals.

EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXYTOCIC ACTIVITY OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS JINISH JOSE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-oxytocic activity of ethanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus root.&#x0D; Methods: Ethanolic extract of A. racemosus root was taken by Soxhlet extraction method. Wistar strain albino non-pregnant female rats of weight 200–300 g were pre-treated with estrogen and were sacrificed to take their uterus. The tissue was then mounted in an organ bath containing de Jalon’s solution. The response of the tissue to various doses of oxytocin alone and then on adding increasing doses of the alcoholic extracts of A. racemosus along with the dose of oxytocin which produces sub-maximal contraction were recorded on a smoked drum.&#x0D; Results: Extract in doses up to 40 mg when given along with oxytocin 0.1 unit produced graded increase in contractions in rat uterus. From 80 mg onward graded blockade of contractions occurred with complete blockade at 200 mg. On complete removal of the extract by thorough washing, it was seen that oxytocin was again able to produce contractions of the rat uterus tissue.&#x0D; Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of A. racemosus root had demonstrated good anti-oxytocic property.

Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Potentials of Biosynthesized Ag, Au, Ag-Au Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles Using the Asparagus racemosus Root Extract.

Two noble metals, such as silver and gold alloy nanoparticles, were successfully synthesized by the microwave assisted method in the presence of the Asparagus racemosus root extract and were used as an antibacterial and immunomodulatory agent. The nanostuctures of the synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The UV-vis spectrum exhibits a distinct absorption peak at 483 nm for the bimetallic alloy nanoparticles. The microscopic analysis revealed the spherical shaped morphology of the biosynthesized nanoparticles with a particle size of 10–50 nm. The antibacterial potential of the green synthesized single metal (AgNPs and AuNPs) and bimetallic alloy nanoparticles was tested against five bacterial strains. The bimetallic alloy nanoparticles displayed the highest zone of inhibition against P. aeurgnosia and S.aureus strains when compared to single metal nanoparticles and plant extract. In addition, the inmmunomodulatory potential of the root extract of A. racemosus, AgNPs, AuNPs, and Ag-Au alloy NPs is achieved by measuring the cytokine levels in macrophages (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and NK cells (IFN-γ) of NK92 and THP1 cells using the solid phase sandwich ELISA technique. The results showed that the root extract of A. racemosus, AgNPs, and AuNPs can reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the macrophages cells, while Ag-Au alloy NPs can reduce cytokine responses in NK92 cells. Overall, this study shows that the microwave assisted biogenic synthesized bimetallic nanoalloy nanoparticles could be further explored for the development of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies.

The effects of four plant extracts on growth, sex reversal, immunological and haemato‐biochemical parameters in Nile tilapia,Oreochmomis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758)

Growth and immune status of monosex Nile tilapia produced through dietary treatment with solvent extracts of four plant materials were analysed. Nile tilapia juveniles (mean weight 0.025 ± 0.009g) were fed diet containing 17α-methyltestosterone (10 mg/kg feed, MT), Basella alba leaf ethanol extract (1.0 g/kg feed, EB), Tribulus terrestris seed ethanol extract (2.0 g/kg feed, ET), Mucuna pruriens seed methanol extract (0.2 g/kg feed, MM), Asparagus racemosus root methanol extract (0.2 g/kg feed, MA) for 30 days followed by basal diet for 90 days. The control group was fed basal diet for 120 days. MT, EB, ET and MA showed significantly (p < .05) higher male (%), final weight (g), final length (mm), weight gain (g), specific growth rate (%) compared with control and MM. EB and MA showed significantly (p < .05) better immunostimulatory (phagocytic, lysozyme activities, respiratory burst), haematological, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity compared with other treatment groups. MT, EB, ET and MA showed significantly (p < .05) higher level of GH, IGF-1 and 11-KT compared with control and MM. The growth and health promoting, and immunostimulating efficacy of plant extracts may be attributed to the presence of steroidal saponins and polyphenols in them. EB and MA were more potent in growth promotion, immunostimulation and adaptogenic potential compared with other two plant materials. These two plant materials may be used as an environment friendly safe alternative to MT for production and culture of monosex Nile tilapia.

Asparagus racemosus Root Extract and Isoprinosine Exhibits Radio-mitigating Activity against Ionizing Radiation-induced Detrimental Effects in Swiss Albino Mice

Objectives: To evaluate the radio – mitigating property of Asparagus racemosus root ethanolic extract and Isoprinosine against ionizing radiationinduced harmful effects in Swiss albino mice. Methods: The experimental animals were exposed to sublethal dose (6 Gy) of whole-body electron beam radiation and administered orally with Asparagus racemosus root ethanolic extract (ARE – 200mg/kg bd. wt) and Isoprinosine (IPR – 400 mg/ kg bd. wt) for 15 consecutive days. After the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed. Blood and liver tissue were collected. Blood sample was used for assessment of hematological parameters, serum was used for biochemical analysis (lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity) and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined in the liver homogenate. Results: The radiation control group showed a statistically significant reduction in the hematological parameters. IPR post-treatment group showed a substantial increase in the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes. ARE and IPR post-treatment caused a statistically significant improvement in platelet count. Irradiation of mice resulted in a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation. Post-treatment of mice with ARE and IPR caused significant depletion in lipid peroxidation. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the irradiated group decreased significantly. Administration of ARE to the animals after irradiation caused a significant elevation in TAC level. IPR post-treatment did not show any substantial change in the reduced level of TAC. The cytokines level in the liver homogenate of irradiated mice showed that Interleukin -2 (IL-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) significantly increased after radiation exposure. Administration of ARE and IPR after irradiation significantly reduced the levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in the posttreatment groups. An elevated level of IFN-γ was reduced considerably in the IPR post-treatment animals. Conclusion: Asparagus racemosus root ethanolic extract and Isoprinosine exhibit radio-mitigating effects against electron beam radiation - induced detrimental effects. This occurs through several mechanisms, such as free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, facilitation of repair activity, regeneration of hematopoietic cells and affecting to molecular levels. Key words: Asparagus racemosus, Isoprinosine, Radio-mitigation, Ionizing radiation.

Effect of Storage on Sensory Acceptability and Oxidative Rancidity of Wheat Biscuits Fortified with Asparagus racemosus Root Powder

Aims: Asparagus racemosus is locally known as shatavari in India and possess a strong antioxidant and galactogogue activities. This study was aimed to reduce the bitterness of Asparagus racemosus root powder (ARRP) and to analyse the effect of storage on acceptability and oxidative rancidity of ARRP fortified biscuits.&#x0D; Study Design: Biscuits were developed substituting whole wheat flour with 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent of ARRP.&#x0D; Methodology: ARR were blanched to eliminate the bitterness in developed powder. Developed biscuits were analyzed for sensory characteristics using 9-point hedonic scale by 25 semi-trained panelists. Biscuits were packed in plastic zipper bags and stored in an airtight plastic container at room temperature for 90 days. Effect of storage period on sensory acceptability, fat acidity and peroxide value of biscuits was observed.&#x0D; Results: Blanching of A. racemosus roots at 80ºC temperature for 3 minutes reduced the bitterness of developed powder considerably. Results showed that biscuits were found to be ‘liked moderately’ on 9-point hedonic scale. During storage period of 90 days, the scores of sensory characteristics were decreased gradually for colour, appearance, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptability, however biscuits were found acceptable by panellist. The increase in oxidative rancidity with the advancement of storage period was observed in terms of fat acidity (mg of KOH/g) and peroxide value (meq of O2/kg) in control as well as ARRP biscuits however, this increase was witnessed less in A. racemosus fortified biscuits than control.&#x0D; Conclusion: ARRP upto 10 per cent can be successfully used in the development of products with increased shelf life along with galactogogue activity.

Effect of herbal feed additives containing saponins on rumen fermentation pattern

Macrotyloma uniflorum (kulthi) seeds, Asparagus racemosus (shatavari) roots or Acacia concina (shikakai) pods were supplemented to total mixed rations (TMR) @ 0-3% (on DM basis) to assess the impact of herbal feed additives (HFAs) on the in vitro rumen fermentation pattern. The saponin content and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl- hydrate (DPHH) antioxidant activity was highest in A. racemosus than other HFAs. But total phenols, non tannin phenols, true tannins, condensed tannins, vitamin C and flavanoid contents were highest inM. uniflorum and lowest in A. concina. The dose/level of supplementation of HFAs, irrespective of their nature did not affect net gas production (NGP) and availability of metabolizable energy (ME) from TMR, but digestibility of nutrients and partitioning factor (PF) decreased in comparison to the unsupplemented group. The total and individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production; and acetate to propionate ratio was improved when the TMR was supplemented with HFAs at 1% level. The methane and ammonia-N production was depressed at 2% level as compared to control group. Irrespective of the dose, the total VFAs, acetate, and propionate production was higher while ammonia-N decreased in M. uniflorum supplemented TMR than other HFAs supplemented groups. Methane production from the TMR was comparable in the diet supplemented with different HFAs, however, diet supplemented with M. uniflorum resulted in lower methane production. Amongst the tested HFAs, M. uniflorum was a richer source of most of the bio-active compounds. Based on in vitro fermentation parameters, M. uniflorum supplemented to TMR @ 2% gave the best results.

Pharmacognostic evaluation and standardization of the leaves of Mimosa pudica, leaves of Murraya koenigii and root of Asparagus racemosus

Background: Medicinal plant and herbs used for anti-ulcer activity in the form of extract. Many studies are done for confirmation the extract of the medicinal plant helps to relieve stomach pain, ulcer recurrence and beneficial in the treatment for ulcer disease. An herbal plant uses different parts for treating various diseases such a seed, flowers, leaves, fruits, roots, berries and bark. Objective: To perform the standardization, pharmacognostic evaluation, physicochemical phytochemical activities of ethanolic polyherbal for the beneficial effect could be utilized in the treatment of the peptic-ulcer diseases. Method: The extract prepared of polyherbal by using ethanol as solvent, done standardization by the standard method, pharmacognostic evaluation, physicochemical evaluation by various methods, macroscopic and microscopic character of the polyherbal plant were performed at PSIT laboratory. Result and Conclusion: plant studies can be used in diseases for identification and performed the pharmacognostic evaluation of polyherbal plants. Therefore, the report introduced of polyherbal powder by studies of macroscopic character by indicating thickness, length and Physiochemical parameters of polyherbal done by the various standard method were observed. Presence of chemical constituents in the polyherbal extract by studies of phytochemical screening methods. Research works need to be done for therapeutic and commercial uses.

Identify the Effect of Supplementing Asparagus Racemosus for Buffalo on Milk Quality Related to Milk Yield and Composition

Milk is produced by the mammary gland of mammals to feed their young ones. Milk is an important nutrient-rich beverage that benefits our health. This article aims to study the effect of Asparagus racemosus root powder on milk yield and milk composition. The experiment was performed to determine the milk yield and milk protein, fat, total milk solid, and milk acidity after using Asparagus racemosus as a food supplement. The animals were selected based on purposive sampling to select lactate buffalo to avoid or reduced the error. During the experiment, animals fed in three phases; control, treatment, and the residual phase. In control phase animal diet normal ration, whereas in the treatment phase, a buffalo was diet 120 gram of Asparagus racemosus root powder in addition to its normal diet per buffalo per day. While in the residual phase, the animal was diet only normal ration. Each phase has been 5 days. The Milk collected from lactating buffalo in three phases; control, treatment, and the residual period. Each period has been five day. We also measured milk yield per day per buffalo. About 50 ml of milk was collected from each five buffalo every morning for 15 days. The data was analyzed through one way ANOVA and T-test using the procedure of statistical software. The result indicates that the diet was statistically significant effecting on milk yield at 5% (0.0196), protein at 1% (0.0113) and fat at 1% (0.0007) while the insignificant effect on milk acidity p &gt;30 (0.3909) and total solid p &gt;80 (0.8904). Therefore, feeding Asparagus racemosus, positively affects milk yield and milk protein and milk fat content.