Role Of Sex Education Research Articles

Nurses’ pivotal role in sex education

Only one in five 14-21 year olds are confident about discussing menstruation with parents or teachers

Analisis Perilaku Pencegahan Child Sexual Abuse Oleh Orang Tua Pada Anak Usia Sekolah

Child abuse is part of the kind of violence that is characterized by any properties of hurting or harassing of sexual. Child sexual abuse is not only a negative impact on the micro level only (individual and family), but it also could have an impact on the process of social development in the future will come. Preventive child sexual abuse in school age children is not optimal due to several factors. The aim of research to analyze factors associated with child abuse prevention behavior of school-age children (6-8 years). The research design is correlational design with cross sectional approach. The population is all mothers in SDN Kawedusan 1 Kediri much as 73 mothers with a sample of 22 respondents taken by purposive sampling technique. The result showed mostly maternal age 20-35 years old, high school educated, have jobs as the private sector, knowledge of early sexual education categories of good and positive maternal attitude towards the prevention of child sexual abuse in school-age children. Based on the analysis of Spearmean rho test obtained child sexual abuse prevention behaviors in school-age children have a correlation with the mother's age factor (p = 0.021), maternal education (p = 0.028), mother's occupation (p = 0.036), knowledge mothers about early sexual education (p = 0.002) and attitude of mothers in the prevention of child sexual abuse behavior (p = 0.001). Based on these results it is expected that the capital increase knowledge about sexual education early in order to carry out the role in sex education so that preventive measures implemented in the environment of child sexual abuse.; Keywords: analysis, mother, behavior, child, sexual, abuse

Person Centered Management Approach for the Dhat Syndrome

Background: Person centered care is a holistic management approach that emphasizes attention to the particularities of the person in context. Trying to fit a general model of care to every patient with a given disorder may not be effective enough to meet the distinct needs of the patient as a person. The Dhat syndrome, being a culture bound syndrome with diverse symptoms and inter-individual variations, may require a care model that can address the unique needs of the person presenting for help.Objectives: A literature review was conducted to analyze different management strategies for the Dhat syndrome. It also explored the relevance and feasibility of a person centered approach for the Dhat syndrome. Methods: An extensive web search on the Medline database was carried out using the keyword “Dhat syndrome”. Relevant studies were analyzed with focus on management strategies for the Dhat syndrome.Results: A total of sixty five articles were found through September 2016 in the Medline database. Out of these, seventeen articles dealing with management of the Dhat syndrome were identified for analysis. Most studies advocated the role of anti-anxiety and antidepressant medications for Dhat syndrome. Several studies also emphasized the role of sex education, relaxation exercises, supportive psychotherapy as well as structured psychotherapies such as cognitive behavior therapy and insight oriented psychotherapy for the Dhat syndrome. Some studies focused on issues relevant to person centered care for an effective treatment of the syndrome, including empathetic listening, non-confrontational attitude, individualized care, and collaborative approachesDiscussion: Various dimensions of person centered care seem to be applicable to the treatment of the Dhat syndrome. This approach tenders promising ways toward enhanced clinical effectiveness to help people experiencing this syndrome.Conclusions: A person centered management approach may be an effective, feasible and acceptable model of care for patients presenting the Dhat syndrome, reflecting wide-ranging recommendations from a critical review of the literature.

A Survey of Current Knowledge on Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Behaviour in Italian Adolescents

Worldwide, 500 million people a year acquire a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Adolescents, accounting for 25% of the sexually active population, are the most affected. To analyze sexual behavior among Italian adolescents and their knowledge of STDs, with the goal of preventing their transmission, a questionnaire was administered to 2867 secondary school students (1271 males and 1596 females) aged 14–21 years. For the study, 1492 students were interviewed in Genoa (Northern Italy) and 1375 in Lecce (Southern Italy). For 37% of the respondents, parents and teachers were the main source of information on sex, and 95% believed that school should play the primary role in sex education. However, only 9% considered the sex education they received in school good. Noteworthy, only 0.5% of the teenagers recognized the sexually transmitted diseases from a list of diseases, and 54% of them did not know what a Pap test was. Confusion about the meaning of contraception and prevention was evident; only 22% knew that condoms and abstinence are the only methods for preventing STDs. Finally, a consistent number of students are exposed to risk factors for STDs transmission; e.g., alcohol and recreational drug use, promiscuity and improper condom use. On the basis of our study, there is an urgent need for the introduction of sex education as a proper subject in Italian schools.

‘Give us the words’: Protestant faith leaders and sexuality education in their churches

A small sample of faith leaders from the USA’s three largest Mainline Protestant denominations (American Baptist, Evangelical Lutheran Church of America and Methodist) were interviewed as part of a case study regarding sexuality education in their churches. The interview schedule, based on a previous Alan Guttmacher Institute designed questionnaire, prompted responses related to sexuality education delivery in church, denominational policies on sexuality education, thoughts on churches’ role in sexuality education, and characteristics of an ideal sexuality education curriculum for their church. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using an open coding process to create a comprehensive understanding of themes and patterns in the data. Transcripts were then reviewed, identifying notable quotes and comments that aligned with the trends and patterns that had emerged. Interviews revealed five themes, (a) the church’s role in sexuality education, (b) congregation reaction, (c) negatives related to teaching sexuality education, (d) God’s intent for sex, and (e) the ideal curriculum. Faith leaders’ comments indicated that churches may be an underutilised but willing partner in comprehensive sexuality education efforts, but need support from health/sexuality educators to build and deliver the curriculum.

The role of the pediatrician in the sexual education of adolescent girls

Sex educationis a sistem of medical and pedogogical actions in order to teach parents, children, teenagers and young people right attitude to sex questions. For most people the nenecessity of sex education and sex enlighenment is obvious. It is caused by epidemic outbreak of sexually trancmitted diseases STD), the leadership of Russia in the abortion rate, low reproductive aspiration, the descencion of age of the beginning of sexual life and the increase of number of sex partners. Numerous of researches show that nowdays girls teenagers have low level of sex reprodactive education and inadequate sex education in their families, that does not go with modern requirments. The suorces of information of such issues as sex attitude, STD, abortion for teenagers are mass media and the Internet as well as close social enviroment (parents and family members - 59,8 %, friends - 44,6 %). The doctors are ment to play the lading role in sex education of teenagers, in the first place - pediatricians as they contact with the tenagers most closely and regularly. Most girls (77 %) would like to get information while talking to the doctor privatly; the other 23 % prefer lections at school, broshures and booklets. The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundation of sex education of teenagers, and the role of the pediatrician in it. The paper highlights the essential principles and ways of sex education.

Caractéristiques de la communication parents-adolescentes sur la sexualité et le VIH à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Adolescent females are a key target audience in the fight against sexually transmitted infections and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. One issue is that families in Africa play a very limited role in sex education. The objective of this study was to examine parent-child communication from a qualitative perspective by exploring the characteristics and quality of parent-child communication. A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and September 2009 in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). The study included 40 parent-child pairs (50% of in-school children and 50% of out-of-school children). Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted. The data were analyzed using Stata version 9.1 (quantitative data) and QSR Nvivo 2.0 (qualitative data). The study found that 74% (14/19) of out-of-school children communicated with their parents, compared to just 45% of in-school children (p = 0.07). Mother-child communication was found to be the most common type of parent-child communication, with 59% (13/22) of families who communicated about sexuality and HIV preferring mother-child communication. Further research is needed to identify the factors determining better communication among out-of-school children.

Youth sexual health improvement in Estonia, 1990–2009: The role of sexuality education and youth-friendly services

ABSTRACTObjectives A new school curriculum was introduced in Estonia in 1996 comprising for the first time sexuality education (SE) topics. The first youth counselling centres (YCCs) addressing sexual health matters were set up in 1991–1992. This study describes the development of school-based SE and YCCs in 1992 − 2009, and explores the concurrent changes in sexuality-related knowledge, behaviour, and sexual health indicators.Methods The analyses are based on 12 population-based surveys. Data on births, abortions and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are taken from national registers.Results By the middle of the past decade SE was well established. There has been a trend towards younger age at first sexual intercourse, and increased usage of condoms and reliable contraceptive methods. The abortion rate among 15–19-year-olds declined by 61% and their fertility rate by 59%. The annual number of registered new HIV cases among 15–19-year-olds dropped from 560 in 2001 to 25 in 2009, new syphilis cases from 116 in 1998 to two in 2009, and gonorrhoea cases from 263 in 1998 to 20 in 2009.Conclusions This study documents considerable improvements in sexual health indicators of youths, and indicates that these run parallel to the development of school-based SE and YCCs.

Magic, Morals and Health

Dr. Warren Johnson may be best known for Human Sexual Behavior and Sex Education: With Historical, Legal, Linguistic, and Cultural Perspectives, (1) the book he coauthored with Edwin Belzer, Jr. It is not the type of book that is typically used today in sexuality courses, which often focus exclusively on content. Although the term is in the title, the book is neither a methods text for teachers, nor is it a curriculum for students. This book is an interesting mix of factual information (some of the historical background Dr. Johnson provides is not found in other textbooks) and philosophical musings regarding sexuality, sexual behavior and the role of sex education in American society in the late 1960s. In the article Magic, Morals and the reader is treated to Dr. Johnson's thoughts about health and society, and the role of health educators. If you stay with Dr. Johnson's train of thought, you will find he is concerned that: (1) A large segment of society tends to base at least some of their beliefs about health on mysticism or religious beliefs/teachings rather than science; (2) Too often health educators do not base their practice on good science, but instead attempt to impose their own moral/religious beliefs on others in the name of health; and (3) If health education is to have a future as a major academic discipline it must be based on sound science. Dr. Johnson's concerns, voiced 40 years ago, are currently relevant. Today our society is dealing with a number of health related controversies, for example: abstinence education, contraceptive availability, abortion, environmental protection, gay rights, HIV/ AIDS, immunizations, living wills and other end of life options, war, and health care reform. In all of these controversies there are people who take strong positions. Often these positions are based on ideology (sometimes religiously based, sometimes not), rather than sound reasoning, good science and accurate information. In recent years, especially under the George W. Bush administration, it seems that science has often been trumped by religious ideology. People have an unalienable right to their own beliefs regarding religion and morals, and religion and health. The Founding Fathers addressed this issue in the first amendment to the U.S. Constitution stating Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.... (2) While people do have freedom of religion, sound public policy and sound health policy, must be based on accurate information and what research suggests is effective for the future. We do not live in a theocracy. Health educators have a professional obligation to present their clients with accurate information. Educators should not twist information in an attempt to make it fit their own religious belief (or non-belief) system or promote their own religious beliefs (or lack of beliefs). However, we believe that Dr. Johnson would agree that understanding the background for certain religious teachings that have health implications is important. As one example, let us consider the biblical story of Onan which Dr. Johnson mentions in his article (Genesis 38:6-10, not Leviticus). The short story is as follows: Er marries Tamar. Er is evil, so God kills him. Younger brother Onan then marries Tamar to raise up to his dead brother. Onan has sex with Tamar, but spills his seed upon the ground God kills Onan; end of story. No explanatory comments are provided. This story has been used to attack masturbation, as well as any other sexual behavior that does not have the potential to result in procreation. It appears to be the origin of the Roman Catholic ban on artificial (non-natural) birth control. We can dismiss the story as a nonsensical Hebrew fairy-tale, or we can try to understand the contextual background and what is really happening in the story. Why did Onan marry Tamar? …

School nurses and sex education: surveillance and disciplinary practices in primary schools

This paper is a report of a study to explore how school nurses perceive the influence of schools on their role in delivering sex and relationship education in primary schools. School nurses play a key role in sex education in English schools. However, sex education is a contentious issue meaning the sex education of children is often an area of tension within the curriculum. However, the impact of these tensions upon school nursing practice is poorly described. Three focus groups with a convenience sample of 16 nurses experienced in conducting sex and relationship education were conducted during 2006. Focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and subjected to a thematic analysis. Four themes were identified in the data: 'covert surveillance' refers to school staff conducting clandestine surveillance of the classroom actions of the nurse; 'overt surveillance' reflects how nurses felt they were being openly monitored by teachers in the classroom; 'Teacher attitude' refers to the interventions of the supervising teacher in the classroom during the sex education session and 'resistance practices' detailed how nurses attempted to manage the disciplinary practices of the school. School nurses need to be pragmatic about the fact that there will be some attempts by the school to regulate sex education. Developing an early dialogue with the school can mediate this. Closer working practices and the involvement of school nurses in the development of sex education policy and practice is vital to ensure that they continue to make a valuable contribution to sex education in schools.

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the teacher's role in sexuality education in public schools in Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitude, and perception of teachers of their role in the sexuality education of secondary school students with a viewto suggesting strategies for improvement. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Information was collected from 305 secondary school teachers selected by multi-stage random sampling method from Osun state, Nigeria using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Median age of respondents was 36 +/- 8.18 years. Male/female ratio was 1:1.2. Knowledge about key reproductive issues was poor and inadequate. Knowledge of more than one contraceptive method was low (39.0%), Condom was the most frequently mentioned (59.3%). The teachers exhibited poor perception of their role in sexuality education of their students. 52.8% placed the sole responsibility for sexuality education on parents and only 20.7% found that it should start before age 10 years. Mean menarcheal age was 13.1 +/- 1.7 y. A statistically significant association was found between respondents' gender and knowledge of menarcheal age (p = .03); and between class taught and knowledge of menarcheal age (p = .003). 86.90% had positive attitude towards inclusion of sexuality education in the school curriculum; however, 43.6% felt that contraceptive methods should not be part of the course content. An urgent need exists for education and re-orientation of teachers through seminars and workshops, in-service training education program to equip them properly for the task. Policy makers need to formulate a definite, explicit, and workable sexuality education policy.

O conhecimento produzido acerca da assistência à adolescente grávida

Com o propósito de conhecer o trabalho das enfermeiras acerca da adolescente grávida, optamos por desenvolver um estudo para identificar as características da produção cientifica sobre gravidez na adolescência realizada por enfermeiras, sob a forma de artigos indexados nacionais e internacionais, no período de 1996 a 2000.O levantamento bibliográfico resultou na amostra de 27 artigos indexados. A atuação das enfermeiras na assistência à adolescente grávida é destacada na participação em programas de prevenção de gravidez na adolescência, na assistência no período gravídico-puerperal e no suporte para apoio social. Enquanto perspectivas de atuação para as enfermeiras, identificamos o importante papel de educação sexual e programas de intervenção na prevenção da gravidez na adolescência, nos programas de pré-natal e assistência pós-parto; além de ressaltar a necessidade de organização do trabalho da enfermeira para facilitar o acesso a métodos contraceptivos e de prevenção de doenças de transmissão sexual.

Changes in Female Student Sexual Behaviour during the Transition to University

This study examines how female university students' sexual behaviour changes in the transitional stage of leaving home for university. Participants (n=273) were asked to rate how much change they had experienced in their sexual behaviour since arriving on campus, and to describe this change. A Likert scale was used to measure change. The most prevalent response indicated that 41 per cent of participants experienced ‘no change’. This was supported by a mean score of 4.07. However, 56 per cent of participants reported some degree of change in their sexual behaviour since beginning university. Nineteen per cent of participants experienced a decrease in change while 37 per cent experienced some degree of increase to their sexual behaviour. A thematic analysis found emerging patterns of behaviour change. The use of alcohol to reduce inhibitions was common and often associated with risk taking. Many changes were due to the absence of parental guidance, newly found freedom and greater choice of potential partners. Implications for a university's role in sex education and support services during university are discussed.

School Counsellors' role in sexuality education: What messages about sexual behaviour and sexual responsibility do they give Australian students?

Research in the area of adolescent sexuality suggests that young people use and trust school counsellors as a source of information about sexual issues. Interviews were conducted with 23 counsellors in 19 Australian high schools to explore the messages about sexual behaviour and sexual responsibility given to young people during counselling sessions. The main sexuality issues presenting in a counselling session were concerns about relationship breakdown, sexually transmitted infections after having unsafe sex, sexual orientation, pregnancy, harassment and sexual abuse. Messages given to young people included ones of valuing oneself, making choices without coercion, being informed about consequences and risks, and being safe and responsible if sexually active. A sexual relationship was portrayed as a normal part of life and adolescents were encouraged to talk with their parents. Strategies that these counsellors adopt to help young people are discussed and recommendations are made.

A qualitative study of parents' experiences of providing sex education for their children: The implications for health education

0bjective To explore how parents talk to their children and identify the factors that influence parents talking to their children about sex. In addition, to uncover ways by which this sex education could be enhanced. Design A qualitative study of parents' experiences of providing sex education to their children. Setting Interviews were carried out in the field within parents' homes or workplace. Method Fifty semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents across Leeds. One or both parents were interviewed to gather qualitative data. Results Factors that were found to enhance or limit parent-child communication were dynamically inter-related. These include parents' perceptions of the child, their role as a parent and their perception of sex education from school and health agencies. Gender of the parent and their own experience of sex education clearly influenced provision. Mothers tended to be the main educators although a few fathers shared the role. Uncertainties were experienced, especially about giving sons sex education. Parents also possessed many skills as educators taking opportunities, establishing open communication or responding to ideas progressively and appropriately during their child's development. Participants welcomed access to sources of information, support and good communication within the school and health care settings. Conclusion Parents were found to possess skills as educators, but also experience uncertainty and embarrassment about aspects of their role. The realities of provision were intricate. However, parents' natural role in sex education was evident. Agencies should consider fully integrating parents into their health education strategies.

Adolescent Sexuality: A Developmental Milestone or Risk-Taking Behavior? The Role of Health Care in the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Of the many perspectives from which one can view teenage sexual activity, the most evident are as a normal developmental milestone in the life of the adolescent, or as risk-taking and possibly health-compromising behavior. Since unfortunately, knowledge about sexuality, reproduction, and contraception is often acquired after sexual activity has begun, the prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) should be given high priority in health care and in education. The role of sex education has been a controversial issue for years and communication within the family vis-à-vis the teenager's decision to use contraception is often difficult both for the parents and for the adolescent. In the areas of adolescent sexual behavior, sex education, contraception, and counseling, it is imperative and of paramount importance that the health-care system focus on this target group.

Beliefs about condoms in 12/13 and 16/17 year olds.

The present study examined the beliefs and attitudes which surround condoms and their use. Qualitative data in the form of short essays were collected from 12/13 (n = 148) and 16/17 (n = 63) year olds. The results suggest that condoms are conceptualized in terms of a complex set of factual and evaluative factors such as feelings, responsibility and risk and that younger subjects hold more positive beliefs than the older subjects. The results are discussed in terms of models of preventive behaviour and the role of sex education at an early age.

Influence of attitudes on the intention to use condoms in Quebec sexually active male adolescents

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of attitudes and other variables on the intention to use condoms in sexually active male adolescents. Methods: The survey was conducted from April to June 1989 on a sample of 433 sexually active boys aged 12–19 years registered in secondary schools in Laval, Quebec. Results: Information on condoms provided by parents, peers, school, or media had no positive effect on male adolescents' intention to use condoms. Having a favorable attitude towards contraceptive responsibility, however, was significantly associated with the outcome variable. Endorsement of this responsibility seemed short-lived being replaced by the birth control pill in older adolescents. The study also found that in younger adolescents, intention to use condoms was significantly associated with supportive parental attitudes. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the importance of developing strategies to encourage sexually active male adolescents to assume greater responsibility for using condoms, and suggest that in order for programs to be effective, STD and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention should be done at younger ages while encouraging parents to take a greater role in sex education.

The Role of Sex Education in Adolescent Pregnancy

The aim of the present Review is to throw some light on the sexual education of young people in the hope that it would provide a panacea for adolescent pregnancy. The source of knowledge, family or school, is not the issue, but information presumably will foster an enlightened mind and perhaps even enlightened behaviour. The availability, or lack of availability, of sex education, contraception and abortion services appears worthy of special consideration. It is often assumed that adolescents, and especially low socio-economic adolescents, begin their pregnancies at young ages because of indifference, or cultural pattern. Too little attention has been paid to the provision of adequate sex education and birth control services, especially in developing countries.

The Family's Role in Sex Education: Implications for Educators

AbstractThis study of 1,081 university students sought to identify the family's participation in the sex education of its children and youth. Respondents completed questionnaires that assessed which sources of information were generally significant, and then which sources were informative about particular aspects of sex and sexuality. The analysis focused on differences between females and males. The peer network and the mass media were identified as significant information sources. For the most part, the family's role was limited. Implications for educators are drawn in regard to the nature of education on controversial topics, the role of intimate and impersonal educators, the varying experiences of males and females, and the role of the family.