Role Of Private Sector Research Articles

Blood safety system reforms in Pakistan.

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world with a population of 180 million1. Literacy rate is 49.5% and the population growth rate is 2.03%. Urdu is the national language but English is also widely spoken and understood. Islamabad is the federal capital and the total country area is 796,095 km2. The health care system in Pakistan faces numerous challenges and operates through a three-tier delivery structure and a variety of public health interventions. The role of private sector is growing and according to an estimate its share has reached 75%2. The overall health regulatory framework is weak and inadequate3. The total expenditure on health is 2.5 % of the GDP4. Following the implementation of the 18th amendment of the constitution in June 2011, all the functions related to health were devolved to the provincial/state health departments5. The public health system is deficient in terms of human and physical infrastructure to match the needs of the growing population and the challenges faced by natural and man-made disasters including terrorism occurring with increasing frequency in the recent past.

Role of private sector for HRH (Human Resource for Health) production in Nepal

Human Resource for Health production was started in Nepal in a limited way some eighty years ago and picked up a somewhat faster pace from the 1950s as per the requirements at that time. The establishment of the Institute of Medicine led to some diversification but it was only after 1990 that there has been a much larger involvement of the private sector in the production of Human Resources for Health. Although a number of categories have been listed in this article, the position of doctors, dentists and nurses has been dealt with in more detail. The information provided from relevant councils and some non-governmental organisations regarding the numbers produced and working in Nepal has been quoted. Not much information is available regarding the Nepalis working out of the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i2.10634Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 2, No. 2, Issue 4, Apr.-Jun., 2013, page: 97-103

Payments for environmental services and control over conservation of natural resources: The role of public and private sectors in the conservation of the Nima watershed, Colombia

In Latin America, payment for environmental services (PES) is a tool for watershed conservation that is becoming increasingly promoted by some government agencies, international development organisations and environmental NGOs. However, in pursuit of conservation, PES initiatives implemented at the watershed level may conceal the environmental impacts on local communities of private actors funding PES initiatives. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, focus groups and archival research in the Cauca Valley, Colombia, we present the case of a PES scheme in which several commercial water users paid for the conservation of the upper part of the Nima watershed as a means of securing the flow of water upon which they rely. We show how the scheme was predicated upon very selective interpretations of degradation and conservation, and the roles of those deemed responsible for them, that were mobilised by those groups paying for environmental services to the detriment of other water users.

Financialisation of global markets: the role of private sector accounting standard setting

Financial reporting often creates new realities rather than merely reflecting reality. How, then, would the globalization of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as a specific mode of presenting reality, affect our markets? Drawing on fair value accounting instead of traditional historical cost accounting, IFRS makes the business realm and society amenable to financialisation. This process of converting real markets into tradable components, particularly by the private sector, may not contribute to sustainable market growth. This paper introduces three case studies to illustrate the significant impact IFRS makes on real sector markets. These consequences would in turn affect financial markets in the long term.

Rice Seeds: A Study of Availability and Accessibility in Bangladesh and India

The challenges in rice seeds availability and accessibility in India and Bangladesh can be divided into two broader categories; one is the domestic constraints which includes infrastructural, administrative, financial and other structural gaps. And second is the constraint in the cross border movements of the seeds this can be due to several reasons as listed in the study, such as standards, laboratory requirements and other such issues. Therefore, there is a need for set of initiatives to independently tackle each of these issues.The study ponders over each of the issues in-depth and comes out with a set of recommendations for both India and Bangladesh for facilitating and enhancing the bilateral trade and knowledge sharing on HYV rice seeds.Some of the key recommendations are as follows: 1. The study urges governments of both the countries to take/ensure initiatives to improve the situation of availability and accessibility of rice seeds in local markets are sustained and further strengthened in especially in areas suffering from low seed replacement rates. 2. Seed dynamics has significantly changed over the last few decades. Seed production and certification seems constrained by lack of government capacity to produce and market seeds. Facilitating the increased role of private sector in the rice seeds market is the need of this hour. 3. For enhancing the cooperation between the two countries which may help in addressing many of the factors that constraint availability, there is a need to identify specific areas of cooperation. For instance one such initiative could be mutual recognition of certificates and capacity building programmes. In the coming times India and Bangladesh needs to fasten their steps towards formalising trade in rice seeds between the two countries.

The 2013 CLSR-LSPI seminar on electronic identity: The global challenge – Presented at the 8th International Conference on Legal, Security and Privacy issues in IT Law (LSPI) November 11–15, 2013, Tilleke & Gibbins International Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand

We are the middle of a global identity crisis. New notions of identity are made possible in the online world where people eagerly share their personal data and leave ‘digital footprints’. Multiple, partial identities emerge distributed across cyberspace divorced from the physical person. The representation of personal characteristics in data sets, together with developing technologies and systems for identity management, in turn change how we are identified. Trustworthy means of electronic identification is now a key issue for business, governments and individuals in the fight against online identity crime. Yet, along with the increasing economic value of digital identity, there are also risks of identity misuse by organisations that mine large data sets for commercial purposes and in some cases by governments. Data proliferation and the non-transparency of processing practices make it impossible for the individual to track and police their use. Potential risks encompass not only threats to our privacy, but also knowledge-engineering that can falsify digital profiles attributed to us with harmful consequences. This panel session will address some of the big challenges around identity in the digital age and what they mean for policy and law (its regulation and protection). Questions for discussion include: What does identity mean today? What types of legal solutions are fit for purpose to protect modern identity interests? What rights, obligations and responsibilities should be associated with our digital identities? Should identity management be regulated and who should be held liable and for what? What should be the role of private and public sectors in identity assurance schemes? What are the global drivers of identity policies? How can due process be ensured where automated technologies affect the rights and concerns of citizens? How can individuals be more empowered to control their identity data and give informed consent to its use? How are biometrics and location-tracking devices used in body surveillance changing the identity landscape?

Tuberculosis control needs a complete and patient-centric solution.

Tuberculosis control needs a complete and patient-centric solution.

EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO PERUANO Y LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL DE LAS EMPRESAS

El rol del Sector Privado dentro de la sociedad, está cambiando frente a la nueva configuración de la economía global y local, por ello la actitud de renovarse y adecuarse a las necesidades y retos actuales. El mercado, cada vez más exigente, en cuanto a la protección del entorno social y ambiental, hace necesario que las Empresas incorporen el ámbito de su responsabilidad social en sus políticas institucionales. Este nuevo enfoque de gestión empresarial, genera por una parte una corriente de consumo responsable y por otra, incentiva y apoya la inversión ética con responsabilidad de su entorno. La mayoría de países han logrado obtener una tasa elevada de inversión local y atraer la inversión internacional justamente empleando este enfoque, que logra el escenario adecuado para la inversión. En nuestro país, sin embargo, este nuevo rol social de las empresas se viene implementando a un nivel muy elemental, debido a que la responsabilidad social es vista como un gasto innecesario y no como una inversión, desmereciendo el hecho de que el aspecto social es determinante para la existencia y continuidad de la Empresa, coexistiendo ambas en estrecha relación, donde las transformaciones que ocurren en una afectan a la otra. Lograr vislumbrar esta relación condicional Empresa - responsabilidad social, determinar como es vista la responsabilidad empresarial en el marco del crecimiento económico nacional, como se establece este nuevo enfoque y ayudar a que la empresa considere su responsabilidad social como una inversión, es el objetivo de este artículo que encaja a la perfección con la Declaración del Milenio de Naciones Unidas, con el Programa de Doha para el Desarrollo y la Declaración de Johannesburgo cuyo objetivo es precisamente promover una mejor distribución de las funciones del Estado, la Empresa y la Sociedad Civil como actores en pos del desarrollo y la lucha contra la pobreza.

Public and private sector roles in health information technology policy: Insights from the implementation and operation of exchange efforts in the United States

ObjectivesIn the US, the federal and state governments are supporting interoperable health information technology (HIT) and health information exchange (HIE) through policy interventions and financial investments. However, private healthcare organizations and partnerships have also been active in establishing exchange activities, promoting interoperability, and developing technologies. This combination of influence from different actors has resulted in a rapidly changing healthcare environment. In this context, we sought insights into the optimal roles for the public and private sectors in HIT/HIE policy development and implementation. MethodsWe leveraged the concurrency of federal and New York State initiatives to spur HIT/HIE adoption by interviewing HIT experts (n=17). Interviewees represented federal and state government agencies, healthcare providers, and exchange organizations. A semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions covered the domains of organization, value, privacy, security, and evaluation. We analyzed transcripts using a general inductive and comparative approach. ResultsInterviewees assigned roles for standard setting and funding to the federal government and suggested states were better positioned to offer implementation support. Interviewees forwarded a public–private partnership model as a potential solution to the limitations facing the private and public sectors. ConclusionsHIT/HIE policy is a complex issue involving standards, privacy, funding and implementation. When New York State began funding HIT, significant federal intervention did not exist. Since the launch of New York State’s program and the subsequent federal Meaningful Use criteria, interviewees expressed distinct but complementary roles for both state and federal governments and saw an avenue to include the private sector through public–private partnerships.

Information Society in Nigeria : The Role of Government and Private Sectors

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of government and private sectors in information society. Using relevant literatures; the paper examines information society, World Summit on Information Society, features or characteristics of information society, implementation of World Summit on information Society in Nigeria, the role of Government and private sector. The role of government in information society among others include; Creation, Generation, Production, Dissemination of information, Infrastructure Development, Creation of an enabling environment, regulation of information, developing human capacity etc. Based on the findings, the paper recommends the followings among others urgent need for the country to have a single comprehensive ICT policy, development of infrastructure, capacity building etc

Role of Private Sector in Dissemination of Agricultural Information among Cotton Growers in Punjab Pakistan

The present study was designed to assess the role of private sector in dissemination of agricultural information among cotton growers of Rajan Pur district of Punjab province, Pakistan. All the cotton growers were considered as the population of the study. The sample of the population was limited to 120 farmers selected through simple random sampling techniques. The data were collected through personal interviews with the help of interview schedule. The data were arranged and organized on a tally sheet interpretation. The results revealed that private sector contribute momentous role in dissemination of agricultural information among cotton growers. Private sector should increase their role to boost up agriculture. Furthermore, agriculture department should rethink about their working strategies to play their role in dissemination of information to farmers, which is their duty.

Reforma energética, ¿era realmente necesaria?

Some articles of the Mexican Constitution related to the energy sector regulation were changed in December, 2013. The aim of those changes was to enhance the private sector role in oil and electricity production. The main Federal Government arguments to support the Constitutional modifications was the lack of internal financial resources to invest, high inherent risks in the exploration and production activities, and the lack of technology to explore deep water oilfields. This essay pretends to analyze the financial and fiscal situation of Pemex. It also compares some of the most relevant financial results with other oil companies around the world, in order to determine if the energy related changes, approved by the Congress, were really needed. The amendment proposed by the President as well as those presented by the pan and prd parties, are also described. The conclusion is that what Pemex really needed was a fiscal reform which allowed it to finance its own investment decisions, due to the fact that its profitability (before taxes) is one of the highest among the studied oil companies.

The Need for Public-Private Partnership Model in the South African Coal-Mining Industry

Coal is a strategic commodity in South Africa as it is the Primary source of energy in form of electricity and synthetic liquid-fuels. It is also a feedstock in the heavy industries that include steel, cement, aluminium smelters and paper. Its role in socio-economic development spans over 100 years. Therefore, the importance of coal supply chain cannot be overemphasised. The mining industry and the role players comprises the South African government, public and private enterprises. Hence, there is need for collaboration of the three parties in a public-private partnership (PPP) model to enhance operational effectiveness and efficiency.The government role in the legislative environment, issuing of exploration, mining and water licenses among others is crucial for the industry. The state-owned corporations such as Transnet, the only national rail transport logistics company and electricity supply company (Eskom), the main electricity generating company and the leading customer/consumer of the South African coal underpins the extent of the state involvement in the industry. The private sector role of ownership of the coal-mines is dominated by the big five international organisations namely BHP Billiton, Anglo Coal, Xstrata/Glencore, Sasol and Exxaro and the black economic empowerment (BEE) companies or junior miners. The electricity and the liquid-fuels types of energy impact on all sectors of the economy. It is this complex relationship by all the role players in the coal-mining industry supply chain that requires enhanced collaboration in a PPP model to harmonise the entire operations in the value-chain. The relationship of the industry players was observed through the mining process, coal transportation to the domestic customers/consumers and export markets. The coal transport logistics infrastructures comprising conveyor belts, rail, road and water were explored and constraints requiring PPP solutions identified. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p224

Private sector engagement in the UK's counter-terrorism strategy: a new agenda

Conceptual debates in terrorism research tend to understate the role that private companies play in countering terrorism, and rarely offer workable solutions around how the ‘terms of engagement’ between industry and the public sector could be improved in this field. This paper addresses this by considering the opportunity presented by the appointment of a ‘Director – Security Industry Engagement’ within the Office for Security and Counter Terrorism (OSCT) at the UK Home Office; a development which demonstrates how the public–private interactions which feature as part of the UK's ‘CONTEST’ strategy have become an increasingly important priority for the Government. To stimulate a new debate on this subject, the paper proposes both a revised approach towards ‘industrial engagement’ and a programme of key priorities which could form the basis of the new appointee's strategy. Whatever function the new Director fulfils, the private sector's role in countering terrorism should be bounded by strong principles and receive more effective oversight than at present.

Private child and family serving agencies: Implications of national survey results for policy and managerial practice

The national studies represented in this symposium provide the field with greater understanding of the nature of the private sector's role in child welfare and the complex interrelationships among organizational characteristics, inter-organizational dynamics, and external influences. Research findings from symposium papers are examined through the lens of a private agency manager and implications are derived for managerial practice and policy practice both within the private agency and in relation to public/private child welfare partnerships. Key managerial competencies that may be required to move agencies and the sector towards enhanced organizational performance and child welfare outcomes are discussed.

Change Management in Financial Efficacy of Banks: Evidence from Oman

Banking and financial sector assume a crucial role in enhancing economic development. During 1990s, when GCC countries underwent major economic reforms, the private sector had to play a leading role by participating in the economic development activities such as designing and implementing private programs in which the private sector can significantly contribute. Since the role of private sector has expanded, their financial requirements have increased. This gap was largely filled in by the banking sector for capital market has not been so effective in the Gulf region. Thus, Banking sector reforms have forced the banks in Gulf region to be more focused on satisfying customers developing new operating models, defining new business strategies to achieve operational efficiency in the changing environment. When it comes to Oman, the banking system is sound and efficient. A major challenge being faced by the banks in Oman is to manage the operational and strategic changes that are increasingly taking place after 1990 when major economic reforms were introduced. Efficient change management is the driving and resisting force for achieving the bench mark target in all functions of banks. The purpose of the study is to measure the financial efficacy of commercial banks in Oman after 1990s in the process of their way of handling the changes.

The Role of Partnership Public and Private Sectors in the Pursuit of Excellence for Marketing Communications Services Jordanian (Case Study)

This study aimed to clarify the role of partnership public and private sectors in achieving excellence catalog fortelecommunications services Jordanian through the efficiency& quality and Developed existing services andintroduce new services to existing customers and prospective down to their satisfaction. That this partnershipcame after the enactment of privatization in Jordan in 1999, to care for owners interest of customers andsuppliers, employees and owners of Wallace And suppliers, shareholders and society as a whole, has been acommunity study is Jordan Telecom and the study sample is systematic random sample included (40) customersfrom the permanent and the type of study is a case of either study tool was questionnaire. Has circuit problem ofthe study on that there is a lack in the role of partnership public and private sectors to achieve excellence catalogfor telecommunications services, despite the availability and resources and the potential.And the importance of this study focus on this point which is: Partnerships between private and public sectorsmakes providing services processes more efficient. The redistribution of roles between the public sector and theprivate sector and the gradual withdrawal of the state from certain economic activities and make way for privateinitiatives by encouraging private investment. The study was built on two main hypotheses:-First major premise: there are no statistically significant relationship between the role of the partnership publicand private sectors and excellence and efficiency of marketing communications services and quality of Jordan.-Second major premise: there are no statistically significant relationship between the role of the partnershippublic and private sectors and provide vital communication services and in an excellent manner and customersatisfaction.The study found several findings and recommendations of the most important:1) The necessity of training for the employees to learn them that the citizen is the actual capital for the servicesector in any business.2) The organization has to update its services to be more fit with technological development.3) The competition in the service sector requires a new culture that makes employees sense the customerneeds.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Development: Locating the Debate within Literature

CSR in India is taking shape in a specific context. An increasing role of private sector in all aspects of life and globalization of economy have their share in the spread of present form of CSR in India. There is thus an increasing concern and debate on the role of CSR. In the light of above, the paper takes a critical look at the role of CSR and the contribution that it may make in the context of development in India. The critique is built by positioning the available literature on the major stakeholders in CSR- the state, corporate, NGOs and communities.

Determinants in Making Public Health System of India – A Comprehensive Study

The Indian healthcare system is rapidly changing. Healthcare at its essential core is widely recognized as public good. This cannot be left in the hands of the market forces although role of private sector may be present as supplementary. It is known that the social determinants of health in which people grow, live, work and age are very important for the health status of the people. At the same time the socio economic status like income levels, gender and caste affect healthy life. This paper deals with the determinants influence the public health system of India and its impact on individuals.

Role of Private Sector in Medical Education and Human Resource Development For Health in India

Role of Private Sector in Medical Education and Human Resource Development For Health in India