Role Of Structure Research Articles

Функциональная роль границы в жанровой традиции романа воспитания (на материале модернистской прозы 1910-1920-х гг.)

The paper studies the phenomenon of a boundary in the Russian modernist prose of the 1910s-1920s (in the novels “Petersburg” by A. Bely, “We” by Ye. Zamyatin and the novella “The Childhood of Luvers” by B. Pasternak), which makes it possible to determine its functional role in the genre structure of the Bildungsroman. The aim of the research is to identify the functional role of the phenomenon of a boundary. Scientific novelty is accounted for by the fact that the paper is the first to consider the phenomenon of a boundary as a structural part of the Bildungsroman determining the gradual development of the hero’s personality. As a result, firstly, based on Yu. M. Lotman’s research, the types of boundaries represented in the modernist prose of the 1910s-1920s gravitating towards the Bildungsroman tradition (spatial, public (social) / familial, eschatological, ethical, psychological, threshold boundaries) were revealed. Secondly, it was found that a boundary is a fundamentally significant structural element of the Bildungsroman genre contributing to the protagonist’s gradual understanding of themself and the world: the hero’s acquisition of their own “self” and the program of their education are embodied by overcoming boundaries as a consistent feature of the Bildungsroman.

Do R&D intensity and capacity utilisation matter for SMEs' innovations within the CEE region? Testing moderating roles of different ownership structures.

Existing innovation literature has assumed that the relationship between firms' R&D intensity and innovation take place without the interplay of other organizational factors. However, the reality differs, and research to date has shown that other factors affecting firms' innovation need to be considered. This is important especially in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries, which are highly dependent on both internal and external R&D and are associated with an inability to use R&D resources effectively. This study therefore responds to calls for further analysis, especially within the CEE region, and focuses on the role of two factors affecting SMEs' innovativeness and their effects, which have been mixed so far. First, we investigate the effects of SMEs' R&D intensity and capacity utilisation on product innovation. Second, we reveal the moderating role of SMEs' different ownership structures (ownership concentration; private/public ownership; family/non-family ownership) in the relationship between R&D intensity and product innovation. We confirm that CEE SMEs' ownership concentration and private ownership moderate the relationship between R&D intensity and product innovation. In contrast, we reject our hypothesis expecting that family ownership of SMEs can significantly moderate the relationship between R&D intensity and product innovation. Interestingly, we also show that the relationship between capacity utilisation and innovation is non-linear (inverted U-shaped). This study makes a significant contribution in the form of analysis within the CEE region, whose innovation systems are seen to be weak, and it is therefore necessary to bring new knowledge and recommendations to managers and public policymakers.

Understanding Seismic Hazards Associated with Development Mining: The Role of Local Geology and Structures

Understanding Seismic Hazards Associated with Development Mining: The Role of Local Geology and Structures

The Versatile Attributes of MGMT: Its Repair Mechanism, Crosstalk with Other DNA Repair Pathways, and Its Role in Cancer.

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT or AGT) is a DNA repair protein with the capability to remove alkyl groups from O6-AlkylG adducts. Moreover, MGMT plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage induced by methylating agents like temozolomide and chloroethylating agents such as carmustine, and thereby contributes to chemotherapeutic resistance when these agents are used. This review delves into the structural roles and repair mechanisms of MGMT, with emphasis on the potential structural and functional roles of the N-terminal domain of MGMT. It also explores the development of cancer therapeutic strategies that target MGMT. Finally, it discusses the intriguing crosstalk between MGMT and other DNA repair pathways.

A critical review on the stability of natural food pigments and stabilization techniques

This comprehensive review article delves into the complex world of natural edible pigments, with a primary focus on their stability and the factors that influence them. The study primarily explores four classes of pigments: anthocyanins, betalains, chlorophylls and carotenoids by investigating both their intrinsic and extrinsic stability factors. The review examines factors affecting the stability of anthocyanins which act as intrinsic factors like their structure, intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, copigmentation, and self-association as well as extrinsic factors such as temperature, light exposure, metal ions, and enzymatic activities. The scrutiny extends to betalains which are nitrogen-based pigments, and delves into intrinsic factors like chemical composition and glycosylation, as well as extrinsic factors like temperature, light exposure, and oxygen levels affecting for their stability. Carotenoids are analyzed concerning their intrinsic and extrinsic stability factors. The article emphasizes the role of chemical structure, isomerization, and copigmentation as intrinsic factors and discusses how light, temperature, oxygen, and moisture levels influence carotenoid stability. The impacts of food processing methods on carotenoid preservation are explored by offering guidance on maximizing retention and nutritional value. Chlorophyll is examined for its sensitivity to external factors like light, temperature, oxygen exposure, pH, metal ions, enzymatic actions, and the food matrix composition. In conclusion, this review article provides a comprehensive exploration of the stability of natural edible pigments, highlighting the intricate interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In addition, it is important to note that all the references cited in this review article are within the past five years, ensuring the most up-to-date and relevant sources have been considered in the analysis.

Implementation of nonlocal non-Fourier heat transfer for semiconductor nanostructures

The study of heat transport in micro/nanoscale structures due to their application, especially in Nanoelectronics, is a matter of interest. In other words, the precise simulation of the temperature distribution inside the transistors is consequential in designing and building more reliable devices reaching lower maximum temperatures during the operation. The present study constitutes a framework for micro/nanoscale heat transport study, which leads to calculating accurate temperature/heat flux profiles with low computational cost. The newly non-dimensional parameter γ, presenting the strength of the nonlocality, is utilized through the nonlocal DPL modeling (NDPL). Alongside calculating the nonlocality coefficient, the factors appearing in DPL, including the temperature jump and phase lagging ratio, are revisited. The factor γ is found to have a linear relationship with Knudsen (Kn) number, being 3.5 for Kn=10 and 0.035 for Kn=0.1. Although the nonlocality is bold for the large Knudsen numbers, it also plays a vital role for low Knudsen number structures, especially at earlier times. Further, It is obtained that intruding γ is critical for obtaining accurate temperature and heat flux distributions that are very close to the practical results of the Phonon Boltzmann equation.

A thermal assessment simplification exploration for the structural constraint effect on bearing temperature

Although an extensive research effort on the structural constraint role in bearing heating was done by scholars, often many researchers either neglected the sub structure effect for model simplification or considered more influencing factors to construct a complicated thermal model for higher evaluation precision. As a result, a lightweight and accurate assessment has been not available so far. Furthermore, they usually only made some basic assumptions and qualitative analyses when creating and improving the thermal predictive models to explore the heat transfer of bearings, and hence their findings usually lack sufficient theoretical supports, especially the quantitative bases. For an efficient assessment, this paper devotes to exploring how the structural constraint impact on the heat conduction of bearings, and accordingly present a more practical thermal grid to evaluate bearing heating efficiently. Firstly, the structure and installation notes of bearings were statistically analyzed. Next, a formula was constructed to implement the contrast of the heat transfer capacity between the axial and radial directions of bearing rings, and then a novel radial thermal equivalent resistance was proposed to represent the heat conduction capacity of bearing rings. We accordingly optimized the bearing node setting scheme to develop an efficient semi-empirical thermal grid for high-speed angular contact ball bearings, in which the oil-air separation and gray-box theory was also introduced to describe the heat convection in bearing cavities. Finally the improved thermal network for a motored spindle was planned to verify the above-proposed work, and the simulation results based on the current thermal models of bearings were also obtained and contrasted with the experimental values. For a further validation, the polynomial interpolation on test data, meanwhile, was performed to observe the temperature variation trend. The result of comparative analysis indicates that we show a more proper thermal assessment on bearing temperature.

The impact of digital infrastructure on provincial green innovation efficiency-empirical evidence from China.

In the epoch of the digital economy, technological innovation and energy conservation are significantly facilitated by digital infrastructure, leading to substantial improvements in green innovation efficiency at the provincial level. This study employed the feasible generalized least square (FGLS) method to examine the effects of digital infrastructure on the green innovation efficiency across 30 provinces in the Chinese mainland, utilizing panel data from 2011 to 2020. Additionally, this investigation delves into the intervening role of industrial structure upgrading and the amplifying effects of environmental regulation and human capital on the process. Findings indicate that, to begin with, digital infrastructure contributes to the meaningful enhancement of green innovation efficiency within provinces. Subsequently, the industrial structure upgrading partially mediates the impact of digital infrastructure on the efficiency of provincial green innovation. Lastly, both human capital and environmental regulations amplify the beneficial influence of digital infrastructure on the effectiveness of green innovation at the provincial level. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms through which digital infrastructure boosts green innovation efficiency, aiding policymakers in formulating appropriate policies to augment digital infrastructure, thereby promoting provincial green innovation efficiency.

The important role of starch fine molecular structures in starch gelatinization property with addition of sugars/sugar alcohols

The relationship between the fine structure of starch and its gelatinization properties is not well studied, particularly in relation to the influence of sugar or sugar alcohol. In this study, seven starches with distinct molecular structures were investigated to determine how different sugars and sugar alcohols affect their gelatinization properties. The inclusion of sugars and sugar alcohols resulted in a significant elevation of starch gelatinization temperatures (∼ 8 °C), especially with sucrose, isomaltose and isomalt. Nevertheless, the influence of these sugars/ sugar alcohols on the gelatinization temperature range and enthalpy change varied depending on the particular starch varieties. According to the correlation analysis, sugars and sugar alcohols mainly exert their impact on the starch gelatinization temperature range and enthalpy change by possibly interacting with amylose chains possessing a degree of polymerization ranging from 100 to 1000 (p < 0.05) and inhibiting the amylose leaching during gelatinization. These findings help a better understanding of the complex relationship between starch fine structure and gelatinization properties under the influence of sugars and sugar alcohols.

Sergei Rachmaninoff a Paganini of the piano. Analysis of the lied Spring waters (Весенние воды- op.14, no.11)

Vesennye vody (Весенние воды) is a composition through which the poem offers a reflection on the arrival of spring and the melting of winter snow, symbolizing the renewal of nature and the human spirit. The composition is characterized by its lyrical and expressive melody, which is a sign characteristic of Sergei Rachmaninoff's style. The vocal miniature is relatively short, but it evokes and captures the beauty and emotions associated with the arrival of the spring season. The article requires special attention to the complex analysis of the Vesennie vody lied, a musical-literary analysis as well as a Schenkerian analysis, which is represented by the aspects of voice leadership, by identifying the tonal functions and their role in the overall harmonic structure. The detailed analysis within the lie is carried out for the deep understanding of the structural relationships and provides valuable information on the intentions of the composer, by identifying the different structural levels, by the melodic line and the text. &#x0D;

The adenovirus DNA-binding protein DBP.

Adenoviruses are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses that can mainly cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and eye infections in humans. In addition, adenoviruses are employed as vector vaccines for combatting viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, and serve as excellent gene therapy vectors. These viruses have the ability to modulate the host cell machinery to their advantage and trigger significant restructuring of the nuclei of infected cells through the activity of viral proteins. One of those, the adenovirus DNA-binding protein (DBP), is a multifunctional non-structural protein that is integral to the reorganization processes. DBP is encoded in the E2A transcriptional unit and is highly abundant in infected cells. Its activity is unequivocally linked to the formation, structure, and integrity of virus-induced replication compartments, molecular hubs for the regulation of viral processes, and control of the infected cell. DBP also plays key roles in viral DNA replication, transcription, viral gene expression, and even host range specificity. Notably, post-translational modifications of DBP, such as SUMOylation and extensive phosphorylation, regulate its biological functions. DBP was first investigated in the 1970s, pioneering research on viral DNA-binding proteins. In this literature review, we provide an overview of DBP and specifically summarize key findings related to its complex structure, diverse functions, and significant role in the context of viral replication. Finally, we address novel insights and perspectives for future research.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Mg-Sn Thin Films: Role of Mg9Sn5 Phase and One-Dimensional Electronic Structure.

Mg-Sn alloy thin films have garnered significant attention for their outstanding thermoelectric (TE) properties and cost-effective elemental composition, making them potential candidates for wearable energy harvesting devices. While previous studies have explored the properties of these thin films, limited research has been conducted to identify physical factors that can further enhance their performance. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing a convenient electron beam coevaporation technique to fabricate Mg-Sn alloy thin films. Experimental results revealed that controlling the tin content in the Mg-Sn thin films at 38.9% led to the formation of a mixed-phase structure, comprising Mg2Sn and Mg9Sn5. This dual-phase structure exhibited a notable advantage in enhancing the TE performance. The presence of the Mg9Sn5 phase significantly increased the carrier concentration, while maintaining the original Seebeck coefficient and mobility, thereby improving the conductivity of Mg2Sn. Theoretical calculations indicated that the Mg9Sn5 phase displayed 1D-like characteristics, leading to a highly effective valley degeneracy and consequently a high power factor. Overall, this work introduces a promising approach to fabricate high-performance Mg-Sn alloy thin films through electron beam coevaporation, opening up possibilities for their application in wearable energy harvesting devices.

Interactive dynamics between rhizosphere bacterial and viral communities facilitate soybean fitness to cadmium stress revealed by time-series metagenomics

The distinctive symbiotic relationship between rhizobacteria and soybean (Glycine max) can enhance soil fertility and assist soybean defense heavy metal stress, such as cadmium (Cd), in soils. Soil viruses are critical for modulating microbial activities and enhancing host adaptability to soil contamination by encoding auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). However, the community structure, functional diversity and ecological roles of soil viruses and their dynamic interactions with soil-dwelling microbes under Cd stress remain unclear. Here, we characterized the bulk and rhizosphere bacterial community in a Cd-contaminated soybean field at five growth stages and investigated the rhizosphere microbial functional traits and the viral community after flowering using metagenomics. We showed that the rhizosphere bacterial community exhibited a stronger soybean development-dependent diversity pattern relative to bulk soil and had a more critical role in predicting Cd accumulation. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the rhizosphere increased with soybean development, particularly in the families Nocardioidaceae and Intrasporangiaceae, which were further identified as the main contributors of amino acid transport E and secondary metabolites Q genes. Viral analysis suggested an interactive and complementary assembly between viral and bacterial communities. Importantly, viruses exhibited a broader host range during the flowering period, and infected specific functional taxa such as Bradyrhizobium and Nocardioides, highlighting their potential impact on the rhizobia-soybean symbiosis and soybean growth and fitness. Furthermore, AMGs related to element cycling and microbial metabolism were identified and functionally and phylogenetically characterized, suggesting the contribution of these virus-encoded genes to biogeochemical cycles and soybean fitness under Cd stress. Together, our results expand our understanding of the ecological functions of rhizosphere viruses in Cd pollution-stressed soils, and provide insights in developing new strategies for bioremediation of contaminated soils.

Research on the impact path of China’s environmental protection investment on green development—based on the perspective of industrial structure upgrading

As a special category of investment, environmental protection investment can provide important funds and technological support for a region, achieve green production, and promote green development. This article uses a benchmark regression model based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2020 to analyze the impact of environmental protection investment on the level of green development. It specifically examines the effects of urban environmental infrastructure investment, industrial pollution control investment, and completion of environmental protection acceptance projects on the level of green development. It also explores how different regions can make use of environmental protection investment according to local conditions. Additionally, due to the spatial spillover effect of environmental protection investment, this article introduces the spatial Durbin model to study the spillover effects. Furthermore, in order to effectively promote green economic development through environmental protection investment, it is necessary to upgrade the industrial structure. Therefore, this article also uses the mediation effect model to explore the relationship between environmental protection investment, industrial structure upgrading, and the level of green development. The research findings are as follows: 1) environmental protection investment can promote the development of green level; 2) the various components of environmental protection investment have different effects on the level of green development. Urban environmental infrastructure investment has a promoting effect on the level of green economic development, while industrial pollution control investment and completion of environmental protection acceptance projects have a restraining effect; 3) environmental protection investment has a positive spillover effect in spatial terms, promoting the green development of surrounding areas while driving the local green development level; 4) as an important driving force for promoting green economic development, environmental protection investment relies on the support of industrial structure upgrading, and further optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure can achieve green economic development. Based on these findings, this article proposes that each region should increase environmental protection investment, implement the concept of green development, and leverage the positive impact of each component of environmental protection investment on local green development according to local conditions. At the same time, each region should also pay attention to the role of industrial structure upgrading and make rational use of environmental protection investment to promote green development.

MECHANISMS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR USE BY THE ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In a turbulent economic macro-environment, to ensure sustainable development of the state and its regions, classical commodity exchange operations are being reformatted both through changing basic partners, changing the geography of markets and product lines, and through intensifying the launch of new multinational production projects that make it possible to compensate for the loss of part of foreign supplies in the format of import substitution , generate innovative solutions based on synergy that become domestic intellectual property. The Republic of Tatarstan is one of the supporting regions of the Russian Federation, a leader in many macroeconomic indicators, investment attractiveness and quality of life. Its developments in the field of international relations and trade are analyzed from the standpoint of efficiency, features of the work of infrastructure elements, such as special economic zones, foreign representative offices, business missions, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Investment Development Agency, and the Export Support Center. Conclusions are drawn about the intensification of all types of cooperation with the People's Republic of China, countries of the Muslim world and with various countries of the EAEU and the CIS, indicating the determining role of the economic structure of all partners, including the presence of preferential regimes of interaction. If increasing global trade turnover is clearly a positive process, then the selection of international industrial cooperation projects should be accompanied by in-depth business analysis of the complementarity of the goals and capabilities of the countries participating in industrial cooperation. Another important conclusion is the need to analyze the potential of Russian regions to identify opportunities for scaling the experience of Tatarstan - the presence of a foundation of industrial cooperation that is mutually beneficial for all parties and infrastructure that ensures the effectiveness of international cooperation. Differences between the Russian and regional economy as its meso-level may lead to an unsuccessful attempt to scale the best practices of the Republic of Tatarstan. In this regard, it is proposed to create a system for connecting part of the regions of the Russian Federation to the channels of international cooperation created in the Republic of Tatarstan to enhance interaction primarily with partners from the countries of the Islamic world.

The dynamic role of technological innovations and energy structure in China's industrial coal consumption growth: a joint production theoretical decomposition analysis.

China's energy-intensive industries utilize the leading proportion of coal to meet the demand for its industrial outputs, while on the other hand, these industries also assure the provision of livelihood to millions of people, and capping the share of coal consumption for these industries can adversely affect the industrial and economic growth of China. Thus, to achieve the Pareto improvement between environmental pollution and industrial output growth, it is essential to comprehend the patterns of coal consumption in these industries. Hence, the present research intended to analyze the potential drivers of coal consumption by applying a joint LMDI, DEA, and the production theoretical decomposition approach. Findings indices that, first, industrial output growth was the crucial driver to simulate the industrial coal consumption, while the potential coal intensity and coal technology changes exhibited the reverse effect. Second, the coal inputs and industrial output efficiency, along with the improvements in technological gaps, were found to be the imperative factors in decelerating coal consumption. Third, the energy industrial group was discovered to have more potentials of coal conversation as compared to the non-energy industrial group. Moreover, results also indicated that coal pure technical efficiency is accelerating coal growth, which revealed that coal can be saved by enhancing coal allocative efficiency. These findings laid the empirical ground to design a feasible coal conservation policy for achieving the imperative goals of environmental protection without compromising industrial output growth.

Structural and mechanical roles of wood polymer assemblies in softwood revealed by gradual removal of polysaccharides or lignin

A deep understanding of the inherent roles of wood polymers such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin in the hierarchical structure of wood is of key importance for advancing functional wood-based materials but is currently lacking. To address this gap, we clarified the underexplored contributions of wood polymer assemblies to the structural support and compressive properties of wood by chemically removing polysaccharides or lignin from wood blocks of a conifer Cryptomeria japonica. Compositional and structural evaluations revealed that cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin contributed to the dimensional stability of wood, especially that the polysaccharide network at cell corners sustained the honeycomb cell structure. Wood polymer assemblies featuring the anatomical structure of wood were also evaluated in terms of compressive properties. The modulus and strength reflected the density and anisotropy, whereas fracture behavior was well characterized by each wood polymer assembly through the classification of stress–strain curves based on principal component analysis. The difference in fracture behaviors indicated that the rigid lignin and flexible cellulose assemblies, possibly mediated by hemicelluloses, complementarily determine the unique compressive response of wood. These findings enable the adjustment of wood functionality and the selection of composite components for wood modification while inspiring the development of novel wood applications.

Neuropsychological insights into exercise addiction: the role of brain structure and self-efficacy in middle-older individuals.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exercise addiction and brain structure in middle-older individuals, and to examine the role of self-efficacy in mediating physiological changes associated with exercise addiction. A total of 133 patients exhibiting symptoms of exercise addiction were recruited for this study (male = 43, age 52.86 ± 11.78years). Structural magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral assessments were administered to assess the study population. Voxel-based morphological analysis was conducted using SPM12 software. Mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential neuropsychological mechanism of self-efficacy in relation to exercise addiction. The findings revealed a positive correlation between exercise addiction and gray matter volume in the right inferior temporal region and the right hippocampus. Conversely, there was a negative correlation with gray matter volume in the left Rolandic operculum. Self-efficacy was found to indirectly influence exercise addiction by affecting right inferior temporal region gray matter volume and acted as a mediating variable in the relationship between the gray matter volume of right inferior temporal region and exercise addiction. In summary, this study elucidates the link between exercise addiction and brain structure among middle-older individuals. It uncovers the intricate interplay among exercise addiction, brain structure, and psychological factors. These findings enhance our comprehension of exercise addiction and offer valuable insights for the development of interventions and treatments.

Heterogeneity effects of environmental regulation policy synergy on ecological resilience: considering the moderating role of industrial structure.

Given the great importance attached to ecological civilization and green development, exploring the heterogeneous effects of environmental regulation policy synergy on ecological resilience holds significance for improving environmental protection and the design of environmental policies. Based on the policy synergy perspective, this paper uses 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous) in China as the research sample. Bayesian quantile regression is employed to explore the heterogeneous effects of environmental regulation policy synergy on ecological resilience from 2007 to 2021, and the moderating effect of the industrial structure is examined. The results indicate the following: (1) there is significant heterogeneity and variability in the effect of environmental regulation policy synergy on ecological resilience. Specifically, the effects of policy mixes 12, 13, and 23 on ecological resilience shows a U-shaped trend, while the impact of policy mix 123 on ecological resilience shows a positive effect. (2) There are significant differences in the effects of environmental regulation policy synergy under different quantiles of ecological resilience. Taking policy mix 12 as an example, we find that the effect of policy synergy on ecological resilience tends to decrease and then increase at a lower quantile. Additionally, the effect of policy synergy on ecological resilience tends to be positive at a higher quantile. (3) There are significant differences in the moderating effects of the industrial structure. Policy mix 12 can effectively enhance ecological resilience through industrial structure upgrading, while the moderating effects of alternative policy combinations are deemed insufficient. Finally, relevant policy recommendations are proposed to effectively improve ecological resilience.

Under the Background of Economic Structure Optimization, Environmental Governance Promotes Macroeconomic Structural Adjustment Measures

Along with the implementation of reform and opening up in the 1970s, China’s economy entered a period of rapid development. During this period, the economic structure of our country has gradually changed from the primary industry to the secondary industry. Even today, the industrial industry still plays a very important role in the economic structure of our country. The industrial chain such as the real estate industry, chemical industry, and manufacturing industry is still the main industrial structure that promotes our economic growth for a long time. However, as the energy of industrial development is obtained by massive consumption of fossil fuels, the economic development brought by industrial development is behind the serious environmental pollution problem. We gradually realize that economic development cannot be based on environmental damage, but although our country has been committed to reversing the situation of environmental sacrifice for economic development at the beginning of the discovery of problems, the effect is very little. Therefore, how to maximize environmental protection under the current economic structure is the issue to be discussed in this paper. This paper mainly summarizes relevant experience through domestic and foreign literature, and clarifies the macro relationship between environmental governance and economic structure, and then discusses it from three dimensions: technological innovation, consumer demand, and international trade. The final results show that different types of environmental regulations have different effects on industrial structure, and the effectiveness of policy incentive regulation is about 23% higher than that of command control regulation. At the same time, according to the analysis results of economic structure upgrading in the Pearl River Delta region, the effect of environmental regulation on the regional industrial structure is also different, and the average effect can improve the overall industrial structure optimization rate by about 36%.