Role Of Institutions Research Articles

The Determinants of Stock Market Development in Nepal

This research investigates the determinants of stock market development in Nepal from 2003 to 2022 using a quantitative approach. Utilizing time series data, the study employs Pearson correlation and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) methods to analyze the relationship between macroeconomic variables, including income level, banking sector development, gross domestic savings, macroeconomic stability, private capital flows and stock market liquidity and stock market development, specifically market capitalization. The results indicate that banking sector development and private capital flows significantly influence stock market development, suggesting a crucial role for financial institutions and foreign investment in shaping and fostering the growth of Nepal's stock market. However, no significant relationship has been found between income level, gross domestic savings, macroeconomic stability, stock market liquidity, and stock market development. These findings help to design policies to stabilize or stimulate the stock market in Nepal.

ChatGPT in Higher Education: Practical Ideas for Addressing Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Education.

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more prevalent in academic settings, there is a growing concern about maintaining a culture of integrity. This article explores the role of academic institutions and programs in fostering a culture of integrity in relation to AI. By implementing specific policies, integrating tools, and utilizing software for AI detection, academic institutions can establish a culture of integrity in relation to AI. These collective efforts foster an environment where ethical AI practices are upheld and reinforce the importance of academic honesty, particularly in the nursing profession. Academic institutions have the capacity to establish integrity-focused policies and integrate anti-AI agent tools in courses to mitigate unethical AI usage, while software advancements assist faculty in identifying AI presence during assessments. Emphasizing the interplay between academic and professional integrity strengthens nurses' dedication to academic honesty. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(X):XXX-XXX.].

Intergovernmental coordination for a sustainable development of entrepreneurial activity in the Republic of Moldova

This article scrutinizes the multifaceted challenges inherent in intergovernmental coordination across various sectors, with a particular emphasis on sustainable development and entrepreneurial activity within the Republic of Moldova. It argues that despite the existence of intergovernmental cooperation, it often manifests as deficient, contradictory, incomplete, and inefficient. Through a meticulous analysis, this study delineates the roles of pertinent authorities and institutions in fostering the sustainable development of entrepreneurial activities, identifying critical inter-institutional coordination issues and challenges. The discourse extends to examining institutional processes and the extent to which policies, laws, and international standards are implemented to nurture and sustain business activities. Moreover, the paper explores various strategies to cultivate responsible, transparent, and effective dialogue between institutions, thereby promoting innovative practices, expanding cooperation, and fostering partnerships with national and civil society organizations, including international bodies.

An exploration of PR Week UK’s framing of specialist PR identities (1985–2010)

A trend of increased specialisation in public relations has been widely asserted but little substantiated. Specifically, there is no longitudinal study of the development of specialist coverage in the principal trade journal of the industry, PR Week. Neither has there been an exploration of the perspectives of PR Week UK’s senior managers on specialist-practitioner identities. This article seeks to fill these gaps.This examination of specialist coverage in PR Week 1985–2010 finds a punctuated process of constructing specialist practitioner identities within an institutional subsystem. We examine over 220 editions of PR Week, in the UK, over a 26-year period. We calculate that there was indeed a statistically significant trend of published regular specialist pages.We analysed editorial announcements about regular specialist pages and interviewed three former senior managers from PR Week. We considered page titles as both content and discourse. We also adapted Bucher et al.’s (2016) framing strategies. In doing so, we revised one of Bucher et al.’s strategies, re-terming the ‘self-casting’ strategy as a media casting strategy in the context of a trade publication’s framing of a profession’s boundaries.Building on the scholarship of Edwards and Pieczka (2013), we suggest that the trade media play an institutional role in boundary setting. A trade publication's role in the promotion of jurisdictions was, and has not been, previously ascribed by Abbott (1988) or Waisbord (2019). We newly find that when PR Week introduced specialist pages, the publication’s executive actively sought to bring sector-specialist practitioners, with waning identification with the profession, back into the PR fold. Like a sheepdog, PR Week played a proactive institutional role in the professional reframing of public relations around specialisms. Yet the boundaries that PR Week defended were fuzzy given that over 95% of the regular specialist pages titles did not include the name ‘PR’. We also argue, that in establishing the specialist pages PR Week executives not only championed PR’s legitimacy, but also sought to protect the magazine’s market and to enhance the title’s journalistic brand.

The role of international institutions in stabilising the global legal order: Assessing impact and effectiveness

Abstract The article delves into the complexities of defining legal world order and security in the aftermath of the Cold War, investigating how the notion of security has broadened in the era of globalisation. It aims to evaluate different theoretical frameworks concerning international security and their adaptation to changes in the global environment. The research uses dialectical and hermeneutic principles to dissect the topic. It employs systemic-structural and functional methods to explore the involvement of international organisations in global security. A range of research methodologies, including analogy, historicism, formal-logical analysis, and situational analysis, are employed to delve into the studied matters. The article underscores various significant discoveries, notably the waning influence of the United Nations (UN) as a comprehensive global institution today. It stresses the importance for the global community to confront the geopolitical shifts and difficulties of the 21st century. Presently, global politics are marked by enduring instability, and the current peacekeeping and conflict resolution mechanisms need to demonstrate more in tackling contemporary hybrid challenges and threats. The article concludes by asserting that the current framework for handling international affairs needs to be revised to meet the demands of the 21st century. It emphasises the necessity of simplifying interactions among independent nations, updating collaborative institutions, and forming a capable supervisory entity to bolster global security. The research advocates for establishing fresh international legal standards covering diverse areas of global cooperation and reinforcing international organisational frameworks to address evolving global issues. The successful and prompt execution of these strategies is deemed crucial for the well-being of humanity in the future.

Skill development for the future supply chain workforce: Identifying key areas

This review paper examines skill development for the future supply chain workforce, emphasizing the importance of identifying key areas and implementing effective strategies. The evolving supply chain landscape, influenced by technological advancements, globalization, and changing consumer demands, necessitates a proactive approach to talent development. Key skill areas identified include technical skills (e.g., data analytics, automation proficiency), soft skills (e.g., adaptability, critical thinking), and domain-specific knowledge (e.g., sustainability practices, regulatory compliance). Strategies for skill development encompass experiential learning, online platforms, and collaborative partnerships. The paper highlights the role of employers, educational institutions, and policymakers in promoting continuous learning and upskilling. A forward-looking outlook predicts further evolution in supply chain roles, emphasizing the need for a competent and agile workforce. Stakeholders are urged to prioritize investment in skill development initiatives to ensure industry competitiveness and resilience. Keywords: Skill Development, Supply Chain Workforce, Future Trends, Technical Skills, Soft Skills, Domain-Specific Knowledge.

THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON STUDENT COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT

In the context of the rapid development of information technologies, the internet and online communication exert a multifaceted influence on students. Starting with the hypothesis that students are more closely connected to technological progress than others. The study was conducted on the impact of the internet on the development of their communication skills and educational processes. The research aims to determine the positive and negative impacts of online resources on the quality of students' communication in both personal and educational spheres. Additionally, it seeks to assess the role of higher educational institutions in teaching students effective online resource usage skills. According to the research, only 6 % of the literature suggests positive impact of the internet on human health, while most indicates negative effects on mental and physical health, as well as on communication skills development. These results lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to educate students on rational use of technologies to avoid negative consequences for education and social interaction in the future. Educational institutions play an important role in this process by providing students with the necessary knowledge in this area, aiding their social adaptation and development in the modern digital world.

The College Campus, a Place of Learning, and a Place of Healing

The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have precipitated a marked increase in mental health needs among college students. Lockdowns, the sudden shift to remote learning, and social distancing mandates have compounded existing challenges, highlighting a trend that has evolved over the past two decades. Despite heightened demand for mental health support, colleges struggle to meet these needs amid the emotional aftermath of COVID-19 effectively. Recognizing the pivotal role of higher education institutions in shaping future leaders and addressing and enhancing the mental well-being of the college community is imperative to foster an environment conducive to learning and healing. This paper will review current literature on mental health within college campuses, examining multifaceted contributors to mental health challenges. Additionally, it aims to provide college practitioners with campus-wide strategies to support students, faculty, and staff, acknowledging the interconnectedness of the entire college community.

The contribution of academic inventors to regional technological diversification: the Italian evidence

Abstract This article investigates the interplay between scientific and technological capabilities in regional technological diversification dynamics by looking at the contributions of academic inventors. Combining the evolutionary economic approach and the theories on regional innovation capabilities on the one hand, and the distinctive features of academic inventors and university–industry patenting on the other, we hypothesize that the participation of university-based inventors to local patenting activity positively influences the chance of regional technological diversification and mitigates the path dependency engendered by the constraining role of the technological relatedness. In addition, we hypothesize that academic inventors tend to push regional technological trajectories towards their portfolio of specializations, hence allowing a process of technological convergence. The empirical results highlight the key role of academic institutions in the development of new regional technological trajectories while contributing to the academic and policy debate on regional diversification strategies.

Role of multi-level institutions in facilitating innovation and adaptation technologies for reducing climate risk and impact: Evidence from coastal communities of Bangladesh

While the role of innovation and adaptation technology in reducing climatic risks is widely recognized, few studies have investigated the role of formal, quasi-formal, and informal institutions in facilitating the adoption of such technology at the local level. The novel contribution of this study is in offering explanations of how local institutions facilitate or create barriers against innovation and implementation of climate adaptation technologies. In this study, we employ a mixed-methods research technique to empirically examine the roles of local institutions in two coastal communities in Bangladesh in facilitating reduction of the impacts of climate hazards. Primary data were collected via interviewing 300 household heads, 26 key informant interviews, and 2 Focus Group Discussion sessions. The findings reveal that local institutions (i.e., formal, quasi-formal, and informal) are actively involved in various partnership-building processes and actions to promote innovation and adaptation technologies at the community level. For example, in the study area of Satkhira District, in collaboration with local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as well as national level government organizations, such as Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Union Parishad Disaster Management Committees are deeply engaged in mobilizing local volunteers to effectively disseminate cyclone-related early warnings. However, significant institutional fragmentation in the country remains a major barrier to the sustainable implementation of various programs related to climatic hazards. For institutions to play their roles sustainably, it is recommended that national policies place greater emphasis on nurturing partnerships among regional stakeholders, as well as facilitating collective action for climate-induced disaster risk reduction and participatory community development.

Promoting clean energy in the Navajo nation

Promoting clean energy in the Navajo nation University President Elmer Guy examines the vital role of educational institutions like Navajo Technical University in empowering communities and supporting their efforts to achieve clean energy development goals. The Navajo Nation encompasses more than 25,000 square miles of desert and scrubland in the southwestern US. The Navajo People, or Diné as they refer to themselves, have long advocated for self-determination. Through the Navajo Technical University (NTU), the Navajo community has the ability to educate its youth in line with its traditions, cultures, and beliefs. However, the lack of Navajo engineering faculty results in a scarcity of role models for engineering students.

Language Ideologies and Identity Construction in Immigrant Communities

Purpose: This study sought to explore language ideologies and identity construction in immigrant communities. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to language ideologies and identity construction in immigrant communities. Preliminary empirical review revealed that dominant language beliefs significantly impacted how immigrants navigated their identities, often pressuring them to assimilate linguistically at the expense of their native languages and cultures. Immigrants employed various strategies, such as forming ethnic enclaves and participating in cultural events, to maintain their linguistic heritage. The study highlighted the crucial role of educational institutions and inclusive policies in supporting bilingualism and multiculturalism, which were essential for the social integration and identity preservation of immigrants. Ultimately, it emphasized the need for concerted efforts from policymakers, educators, and community organizations to promote linguistic diversity and cultural heritage to enhance the well-being and cohesion of immigrant communities. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Identity Theory, Bourdieu's Theory of Habitus and Cultural Capital and Critical Race Theory may be used to anchor future studies on language ideologies and identity construction in immigrant communities. The study recommended incorporating intersectional approaches into theoretical frameworks to better capture the dynamic nature of identity formation. It advised educators to adopt inclusive pedagogical strategies that value linguistic diversity and suggested training programs to enhance cultural competence. Policy recommendations included implementing bilingual and multilingual education programs, combating linguistic discrimination, and promoting linguistic diversity in public spaces. The study contributed to theory by integrating concepts of linguistic capital into social identity theories, offered practical guidance for supporting immigrant populations, and advocated for systemic policy changes to create a more equitable and inclusive society.

5 - Institutionalizing Gender-Based Violence Within African Democracies

Even though international legislation recognises the eradication of gender- based violence as a crucial target for the promotion of human rights and the achievement of the sustainable development of the world, violence against women has received little intellectual attention and scholarly intervention from academia. In the African region, where diverse sociocultural and institutional gender discriminative factors often mean unequal power relations between women and men, the prevalence of gender-based violence is particularly critical. This article examines the institutional implications of violence against women by comparing South Africa and Botswana, two countries that adopted democratic systems after gaining independence from the United Kingdom. It highlights the importance of the Constitutions of both countries and the representation of woman in politics. The divergence between the two states’ legal and political approaches to gender equality and human rights underscores the role of gender-specific institutions in the prevalence of violence against women. This article also uncovers the limitations of existing strategies and proposes a better understanding of inequality within gender relations and its reflection within the frame of institutions to find a way to resolve violence against women and achieve gender justice.

Effects of international tourism on environmental quality and renewable energy use in Africa: a study of the moderating role of governance institutions

Effects of international tourism on environmental quality and renewable energy use in Africa: a study of the moderating role of governance institutions

Openness to Change and Academic Freedom in Jordanian Universities

Abstract This study aimed to assess the degree of openness to change among the faculties of educational sciences in Jordanian universities and its correlation with academic freedom, as perceived by faculty members. Additionally, it sought to identify whether there were statistically significant differences in the levels of openness to change and academic freedom based on variables such as gender, academic rank, university, and country of graduation. The study employed a descriptive correlational approach, involving 407 faculty members from the faculties of educational sciences in Jordanian universities during the first semester of the academic year 2021/2022. The study found a moderate level of openness to change and academic freedom, with a strong correlation between the two. No significant gender-based differences were identified, but Arab university graduates displayed higher levels. Hashemite University professors and associate professors emphasized these aspects more than counterparts at other Jordanian universities and different academic ranks. The results highlight the need for increased societal awareness, particularly within the educational community, about the importance of various freedoms. Additionally, the study recommends heightened awareness of the role of unions and institutions for Jordanian university faculty members, aiming to improve their scientific and social conditions.

Barriers to social enterprise growth in developing countries: proposition of a multilevel approach

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the hybridity of social enterprises (SEs) by examining the barriers to growth they face at the individual, organizational and institutional levels. Through this investigation, the study aims to contribute to our understanding of hybrid SEs and advance knowledge in the field.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study uses Gioia’s grounded theory method to analyze qualitative data from 16 interviews conducted with established SEs, dissolved SEs and consulting centers in Vietnam.FindingsSEs do have barriers to growth that distinguish them from traditional enterprises. Hybrids face barriers to growth at individual, organizational and institutional levels. This study offers a theoretical framework and provides the process model of SE barriers to growth. The SE growth process demonstrates the complex and dynamic interplay of specific components within two groups: organizational capacities and the SE ecosystem elements. This highlights the roles of various actors and institutions within the ecosystem in enhancing organizational capabilities and removing barriers to SE growth, extending knowledge of the SE, barriers to growth and the ecosystem literature.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has two main limitations. First, it is an empirical research conducted in a specific context, so the results may not be universally applicable. Second, it has a qualitative approach, which has limitations in comparing differences among different groups, such as hybrids versus traditional enterprises. However, these limitations also open numerous possibilities for further research directions. For instance, future research could apply this theoretical framework to conduct surveys in diverse contexts and use quantitative analysis to further examine the model of hybrid constraints.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper contribute to a more holistic understanding of barriers to growth facing SEs, which is an under-researched topic in the Vietnamese context. This paper offers a theoretical framework of barriers and the process of growth, providing potential recommendations for practitioners seeking to support SEs in addressing their unique challenges, and suggests avenues for further research in this area.

Medicolegal assessment of reported female sexual assaults in the Kingdom of Bahrain: record-based descriptive study

BackgroundSexual assault is an important social issue that influences women’s lives. Despite a significant increase in 2018, there is no reliable information available in the Kingdom of Bahrain about female sexual assaults. The aim of this study is to investigate the pattern of reported sexual assaults among living female victims in the Kingdom of Bahrain. All medicolegal reports of sexual assaults in living female victims from 2016 to 2020 were included. Reported cases were studied for sociodemographic data of victims, assailant data, assault circumstances, and medicolegal findings and procedures.ResultsThe prevalence of female sexual assault allegations was 7%. During the studied period, there were 272 cases of sexual assault overall. Most cases were in the age group 18–30 years (41.2%). In 58.1% of assaults, the assailant was the boyfriend or partner of the victim. The medicolegal examination took place within 2 days after assault in only 32%. Forensic examination of sexual assault victims revealed extragenital injuries in only 30.9% of cases. Sexual assaults involving mixed penetration occurred in 66.9% of victims, followed by vaginal penetration (30.1%), then anal penetration (2.9%). The final medicolegal opinion confirmed positive assault in 38.6% of allegations and negative assault in 32.4% of allegations, while allegations that have no firm medicolegal conclusion were 29%.ConclusionsDespite the efforts made in Bahrain, there is an underestimated problem of sexual violence against females which needs a robust multilevel strategy including the roles of education, law, and non-governmental institutions.

Heritage Resilience and Identity: Lesson from Trabocchi Coast about Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

Climate change and land use are major drivers of environmental and socioeconomic transformations in landscapes and in coastal areas. The objective of this study was to present an interdisciplinary and participatory research methodology for analysing the evolutionary process of a coastal case study, the Trabocchi Coast in the Abruzzo Region (Italy), from multiple perspectives, including climate change, technological history, conservation protocols, and social function. The goal was to assess the resilience of these coastal structures, i.e., their ability to cope and adapt to changes while maintaining their identity and recognition. The adopted approach combined qualitative and quantitative data from the meteorological analyses, literature review, and field investigations involving a participatory workshop, from which a significant portion of the analysed results presented here emerged. The results indicate that the Trabocchi Coast has undergone significant changes in recent decades, posing a serious threat to cultural heritage due to climate change (sea-level rise, coastal erosion, storms, flooding and salinisation), changes in use and mass tourism. However, these changes have also presented challenges and opportunities for coastal development, stimulating diverse resilient responses from local communities, ranging from resistance to innovation. The paper discusses the factors that may make the Trabocchi Coast a model of resilience considering these changes. This is supported by the role of local institutions as guarantors of the cultural heritage value of the trabocchi in that specific landscape context, as evidenced by the approval of the “Costa dei Trabocchi Special Territorial Project” by the Abruzzo Region in 2023.

Role of Institutions in Transition Economy: Case of Nepal

The Paper highlights role of institutions in transition economy. Obviously, the author confirms that Nepal is still in the transition stage where institutional and ethical norms are yet to establish though many political changes occurred in a short span of time. Nepal adopted liberal market economy for speedy economic growth enticed with robust human development. The study attempts to take measure the outcome of new political-economic regime. The objectives of the study are-(i) to assess role of government institutions on economic growth and development in Nepal and (ii) to evaluate institutional performance of Nepal in comparison to other South Asian countries. The secondary data is used for the analysis which captured the period from 2014 to 2022. The data is analysed descriptively. The deductive method is used for the generalization. The study concludes that the average inflation GDP per capita, GDP growth, and doing business are 6.12 percent, 9968.22 USD, 3.36 percent, and 60.11 respectively. Control of corruption performance of Nepal is almost negative throughout the period. Transparency coefficient is medium i.e. 3 out of 6. In the same way, voice and accountability coefficient is also very poor throughout the time Relative analysis suggests that economic variables are sound in Maldives and Bhutan and development variables are sound in Bhutan. In aggregate, Bhutan has done marvellous performance. In both parameters, economic and development, Nepal's position is not encouraging. It is recommended to the government and political parties that they need to understand the urgency of matter and reform government as well as political institutions at the earliest.

From Life-Skills Research and Training to Sustainability: A Case Study from a Spanish University

We are currently facing a potential ‘polycrisis’, a critical inflection point that requires a holistic response aimed at building collective foresight and preparedness for short-, medium-, and long-term risks. The role of higher education institutions and social stakeholders is decisive for sustainability goals. This paper presents a case study where academia, governance, and industry have aligned to challenge, inspire, and encourage universities to enhance student growth and bind macro-scale measures leading to a sustainable future. A teaching innovation project has served as a transforming lever, in combination with the private sector, to create a platform that reaches more than 50,000 undergraduate students and teaching staff. This structure, rooted in the 2031 Strategic Plan of the University of Granada, has also served to channel local and regional initiatives, establish effective partnerships with broad social members, raise awareness, and promote actions to advance in the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive overview is provided, which details its chronology, materials, results, challenges, impact, and descriptions of the various courses, programs, and actions. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, policy and cooperation among stakeholders.