Toll Road Research Articles

Calculation of Productivity Loss at Batching Plant Due to Production Decline

The Batching Plant owned by PT Semen Indogreen Sentosa was established in the Binjai-Langsa Section on the Trans Sumatera Toll Road Project specifically to handle the demand for ready-mix concrete in the project. However, several obstacles in the project have caused a decrease in production from the batching plant, necessitating an evaluation of productivity loss due to these issues. The productivity loss calculation was conducted by sampling one of the batching plants over a 1-month working period using three approaches/methods: Zink’s Method, Thomas Baseline Technique, and Ibbs Statistical Approach. The calculation results from these three approaches provided a range of minimum daily productivity values, which should be 4.40 w-h/m3 - 2.48 w-h/m3, which can then be used as a reference for evaluation purposes, claims, etc.

Evaluation Of The Impact Of Liquefaction Potential On The Construction Of The Solo - Yogyakarta - NYIA Kulon Toll Road

Abstract The Solo - Yogyakarta - NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road is one of the projects that aims to improve road network connectivity between Central Java and Yogyakarta. Liquefaction occurred in Yogyakarta after the 2006 earthquake, characterized by sand boiling and lateral spreading. This research was conducted to analyze the potential of liquefaction and evaluate the impacts that occur after liquefaction. The analysis of liquefaction potential uses the method developed by Idriss and Boulanger (2008), the maximum peak ground acceleration value using the earthquake return period of 100 years, 250 years, 1000 years, 2500 years, 5000 years, and 10000 years. Post-liquefaction analyses were conducted by calculating ground settlement developed by Yoshimine et al. (2006) and lateral displacement designed by Zhang (2004). The effect of liquefaction on bored pile foundations was assessed by comparing conditions without liquefaction and with liquefaction. The analysis showed 13 potential liquefaction borehole points with low - high liquefaction susceptibility levels. Post-liquefaction analysis shows that liquefaction can cause 0 cm - 27.32 cm settlement and lateral displacement of 0 cm - 199.24 cm.

Regional Economic Agglomeration and Trans-Sumatra Toll Road Development: A Network and Spatial Review

Road and transportation networks play a crucial role in interregional connections. One of the key development programs initiated during President Jokowi’s presidency in Indonesia is aimed at improving interregional connectivity. In Sumatra, the National Strategic Project (Program Strategis Nasional/PSN) for the construction of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road has been underway since 2014. After a decade of development, it is essential to evaluate the impact of this infrastructure on the region's agglomeration to inform future development policies. This paper reviews the changes in network structures and economic activities as influenced by the construction of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Roads. It also seeks to predict the future development of agglomeration and economic activities. The study employs regional and city planning methodologies, including space syntax, fractal dimension analysis, and cluster analysis. The findings indicate that the construction of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road has significantly enhanced connectivity and accessibility, increased the gravitational value of the territory, and reduced the load on existing roads. Moreover, the development of toll roads has led to the growth of new economic centers, which eventually resulted in the formation of four major agglomeration regions.

Exploring Risk Aspects in Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

The risk aspect is a key component of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure scheme. The study employed bibliometric analysis to shed light on research trends concerning risk aspects in PPP. The author focused on publication trends, co-authorship networks, local citation patterns, cluster analysis, and co-occurrence of key terms. In addition, the authors compiled a list of studies on the risk aspects of PPP infrastructure. Using bibliometric data from 356 Scopus-indexed publications, this study identifies the leading authors, nations, institutions, publishers, influential papers, and research topics related PPP infrastructure risk over the past decade (2014-2023). The findings reveal that from 2014 to 2017, research predominantly focused on risk factors, success criteria, development projects, contracts, toll roads, water supply, and social infrastructure. Between 2018 and 2020, the emphasis shifted towards risk assessment, risk analysis, risk management, and risk allocation. Since 2021, the research trends have evolved to include urban growth, investment, the private sector, partnership models, internet protocols, and intelligent systems. Future research on PPP infrastructure risk should incorporate technological concepts and business entity perspectives. This study also contextualizes its findings within the broader landscape of emerging markets in Asia and globally and highlights these trends in the Indonesian context.

Project Success Criteria in Social Infrastructure

The main aim of this paper is to conceptualize success for social infrastructure projects, examining juxtapositions between project management- and overall project success , as well as prevalent definitions for success in the public realm. The text includes a review of relevant literature on the topic of project success frameworks, in combination with a case study illustrating the differences between several success criteria on the example of the Indiana Toll Road project. The findings of the case study suggest that despite the project resulting in the bankruptcy of the private entity, it could nonetheless be considered a public project success, due to its large approval ratings by Indiana’s citizens. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of safeguards against planning fallacy and optimism bias – issues which are amplified in social infrastructure procurement procedures. This topic discussed in this research paper concern qualifiers for success, in combination with a case study outlining the impact of improperly accounted for optimism bias. The obtained results may be of interest to representatives of science and practice, especially with regard to social infrastructure development.

State’s Domination in Toll Road Development (A Study on Social Effect of Toll Road Development in Boyolali Regency)

Indonesian population number increases over times, reaching ± 268.9 million people in 2018. To compensate the population growth rate, road infrastructure is required; the choice of infrastructure development as the strategy to improve economic growth makes the toll road development increases very rapidly. This research was intended to analyze the improved welfare of the communities around the toll road or even the farmers’ deprived rights, to analyze the top-down toll road development model resulting in the low public participation and to find the road toll development model with surrounding community partnership by giving them business access with method interactive analysis. This study result showed the unimproved welfare of society surrounding Toll Road, Toll Road development as government domain in which no social participation within it, and the community’s very poor access to business so that they have no capital, low skill, and low entrepreneurship motivation.

Challenges and Strategies in the Return of Land Bailout Funds for Toll Road Construction: A Detailed Analysis of PT Hutama Karya's Approach

This study explores the factors that cause the delay in the process of returning the Land Bailout Fund (LBF) and examines potential problems related to the inability of the Government of Indonesia to return LBF to PT Hutama Karya (HK) in the context of the Trans Sumatra Toll Road project. Using a qualitative case study methodology in the framework of empirical law, this study integrates Gustav Radbruch’s theory of legal objectives to analyze the current legal regulations. Primary data were collected through interviews with key informants and secondary data on the realization of LBF at PT HK. The findings show that the main cause of the delay is the length of time it takes for the Commitment Making Officer (CMO) to prepare the LBF return submission documents, coupled with the slow verification process at the State Asset Management Agency (SAMI). In addition, problems related to the Land Bailout Fund that cannot be returned arise when the land acquisition is outside the specified area or when the business use right permit is not extended. The current laws and regulations, including the regulations of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing and the Minister of Finance, are unable to overcome this gap, resulting in the failure to achieve legal goals in terms of justice and legal certainty. This study shows that this legal ambiguity inhibits the effectiveness of the LBF mechanism and recommends legislative changes to address this gap. By refining the legal provisions, the study supports increased fairness and certainty, ultimately benefiting the government and entities such as PT HK.

The Effect of Balikpapan-Samarinda Toll Road Construction with a PPP Scheme on The Formation of Economic Structure in East Kalimantan

Economic effects are just one of the many effects of the massive infrastructure investment in Indonesia made over the past ten years. The aim of connecting Indonesia between regions is the basis for massive infrastructure growth, especially toll road infrastructure. Several funding schemes have been implemented to build toll road infrastructure, including the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) financing scheme. This PPP financing scheme was also implemented in the Balikpapan-Samarinda toll road construction. Therefore, this research attempts to capture the impact of the construction of the Balikpapan-Samarinda toll road with a PPP scheme on the formation of the economic structure in East Kalimantan province using the Input-Output (I-O) table. The investment value for the Balikpapan-Samarinda toll road is IDR 9.97 trillion was injected (shock) into gross fixed capital formation in the construction sector. The calculation results in this research show that the construction of the Balikpapan-Samarinda toll road contributed 9.8% of total demand. Apart from that, there is a significant impact on the economic structure of East Kalimantan Province, as seen from the expenditure multiplier figure with an output total of IDR 15,111 billion, a total income of IDR 2,471 billion, and a total workforce of 25,095 workers due to investment in the construction of the Balikpapan-Samarinda toll road.

Analysis of the Relationship between Speed Consistency and Traffic Accident Probability (on the Mojokerto-Surabaya Toll Road)

Vehicle speed consistency plays a crucial role in maintaining traffic safety, with speed limits set to reduce accident fatalities. While the direct impact of speed limits on vehicle speed is minimal, their implementation significantly influences driver behavior, with about 85% of drivers complying with speed limits. However, variables such as traffic volume, weather conditions, and travel urgency often cause drivers to be inconsistent in adhering to these limits, increasing accident risk. On the Mojokerto-Surabaya toll road, data from IRSMS Korlantas Polri and Jasa Marga recorded 193 accidents with 101 fatalities from 2018 to August 2023, mostly caused by driver behavior such as excessive speed. This study analyzes the relationship between speed consistency and accident probability on this road, highlighting accident issues due to speed violations and inconsistency at ramp off/on locations. Results show the importance of toll road infrastructure considering vehicle volume, identifying accident blackspots, and implementing urgent speed management as key factors in improving safety on the Surabaya-Mojokerto toll road. The findings emphasize the need for better traffic management and speed regulation to reduce fatal accident risks.

Analysis of Traffic Performance and Passenger Car Equivalent Value in Tangerang – Merak Toll Road Section

Economic growth involves massive movement of logistics, where goods transported by land become the main choice by supplier. One of them being the main access for connecting Java and Sumatera is the Tangerang – Merak toll road. An increase in traffic volume occurs every year, followed by additional problems such as congestion which obviously affects traffic performance. Given this reason, it is necessary to evaluate traffic performance through parameter assessments, which are the degree of saturation and travel speed. This research was carried out on the Tangerang - Merak toll road section KM 32,300 to KM 35,500 towards Jakarta for one week using traffic CCTV recordings, then selected on 17 April 2024. The calculation results obtained for each average weighted value for the degree of saturation (Ds) at 0.36 and average of the Space Mean Speed is at 33.08 kph. Based on traffic performance analysis, the volume parameter does not indicate a problem, and is included in the LOS A category. However, the travel speed parameter shows an issue and included in the LOS F category. This will be the focus problem within the scope of the research. On the other side, traffic composition which includes variations in the number of vehicles per time and type of vehicle. Given this kind of variation, a Passenger Car Unit value is needed that can equalize the existing different vehicle types into a uniform standard, including who commit over dimensional violations. Where the value of passenger car equivalent of an over-dimensional vehicle is changing, it is necessary to re-calibrate the emp value. Researchers used the Volume Delay Function formula to calculate travel time, then explore a combination of emp values using the dynamic programming method by comparing survey travel time with the simulation one. The difference between the PKJI standard value and the calibrated pce value proves the problem of these vehicles commit over dimension violations on the Tangerang – Merak toll road. For this reason, it is hoped that this research which evaluate traffic performance, travel time and passenger car equivalent values, can be used as a basis for further policy making to improve the performance of the Tangerang – Merak toll road.

Prediction of Damage and Remaining Life of Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road Pavement with Elastic and Viscoelastic Approaches

Toll roads are one of the infrastructure development targets in Indonesia to speed up traffic and vehicle travel times. This paper analyzes the flexible pavement structure of the Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road. It predicts damage and residual values using elastic and viscoelastic approaches based on MDPJ Bina Marga 2017 using the KENPAVE Program. The recommended design alternative is pavement with a layer of AC-WC 40 mm, AC-BC 60 mm, Base AC 180 mm, and LPA 300 mm. This alternative is predicted to be able to serve load repetitions in the elastic approach of 432,857,828 ESAL until fatigue cracking occurs, 215,176,089 ESAL until rutting occurs, and 136,575,580 ESAL until permanent deformation occurs. Analysis using the viscoelastic approach can provide load repetitions of 153,304,378 ESAL until fatigue cracking occurs, 47,014,109 ESAL until rutting occurs, and 71,859,938 ESAL until permanent deformation occurs. Based on the elastic approach, the pavement's service life is 33 years, with initial damage in the form of permanent deformation. In comparison, the viscoelastic approach has a service life of 22.7 years, with initial damage in the form of rutting.

Modeling Pospay and Multi-Lane Free Flow Integration for Revenue Increase

The rise of e-commerce in Indonesia has made digital payment systems increasingly important. One such system is PT. Pos Indonesia’s Pospay application. However, the app is not very popular among users as indicated by its low download numbers and ratings. To address this issue, the potential benefits of combining the Pospay application with Cantas to facilitate toll road transactions were examined. The aim was to increase public awareness of the Pospay application, which would lead to increased revenue. A dynamic system approach was used to develop an optimal strategy for improving Pospay services in the Public Transport sector and integrating it as a toll payment method in the MLFF (Multi-Lane Free Flow) system. The initial dynamic system modeling, using a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), revealed that service innovation, customer satisfaction, and company revenue are interrelated variables that influence each other. The results of this research can be used as suggestions for companies in developing service innovation strategies.

CYCLONE Modeling Analysis Operation Slab Work Project Conggeang Bridge – Cisumdawu Toll Road Section 5A

CYCLONE Modeling Analysis Operation Slab Work Project Conggeang Bridge – Cisumdawu Toll Road Section 5A

Modeling Night and Daylighting Toll Road Tunnel Using Dialux to Compare the Performance of HPS and LED Lamp

In toll road tunnels, the lighting at the threshold zone must balance the brightness of the access zone with natural light. Therefore, artificial lighting is strategically placed in that area to match the brightness to the intensity of natural light. This balance shifts during nighttime to ensure uniform brightness throughout the tunnel, equivalent to street lighting. Additionally, a significant amount of power is required to realize this artificial lighting. Two lamp technologies are used for tunnel lighting: HPS lamps with low energy efficiency and LED lamps with better energy efficiency. The challenge is determining artificial lighting in the threshold zone using energy-efficient lamps. To address this issue, simulations were conducted to compare the two lamp types applied in tunnels to achieve the most significant power savings. This research creates a model of toll road tunnel lighting using DIALux software better to understand the characteristics of toll road tunnel lighting using HPS and LED lamps. The SNI and ANSI/IES are the standards used. The Cisumdawu tunnel is used as the case study. The simulation results show that the luminance in the interior zone using LED or HPS lamps meets the SNI standard. Using LED lamps results in higher luminance with less power than using HPS. This discovery can improve energy efficiency in tunnel environments and contribute to lighting solutions for transportation infrastructure.

Blockchain-enabled intelligent toll management system

Abstract Road toll tax contributes significantly in the economic development of any nation. In developing countries, the toll tax collection is carried out either manually or electronically. However, both approaches suffer from various challenges, including prolonged waiting times, lack of transparency, high operational costs, and concerns regarding data security and privacy. This research aims to address these challenges using a blockchain-based system. The proposed system employs advanced image processing techniques, specifically “You Only Look Once” version 5 (YOLOv5), to accurately capture and store vehicles’ registration numbers in a local server situated at toll plazas. Subsequently, the vehicle identification, along with the driver’s credentials, is transmitted to an application server, where an Ethereum smart contract verifies the information and automatically deducts the toll charges from the driver’s account. The results from this study indicate that the proposed system effectively reduces vehicle waiting time and facilitates uninterrupted vehicular movement. Additionally, the system ensures transaction transparency, safeguards the security and privacy of vehicle details, facilitates non-stop payments, rendering unnecessary cash payments or radio-frequency identification scanning at toll booths, and incorporates a decentralized architectural framework to enhance security and mitigate potential system failures.

Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Kepentingan Umum Diatas Tanah Wakaf (Studi Kasus Proyek Jalan Tol Di Musholla Qubatul Jannah Desa Adiwerna Kecamatan Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal)

The provision of land in the development process is referred to in law as land acquisition. This land acquisition process generally involves property owned by various parties, including waqf land. In the construction of the Trans Java Toll Road in Central Java Province, there are 85 waqf lands, including 9 waqf lands in Tegal Regency, one of which is the Qubatul Jannah mosque in Adiwerna Village, Adiwerna District, Tegal Regency. This study aims to examine the existing legal regulations in Indonesia regarding waqf land affected by land acquisition for toll road construction at Qubatul Jannah musala To examine the procedures for waqf land affected by land acquisition for construction of toll roads for public purposes at Qubatul Jannah musala in Adiwerna Village. The type of research is library research. The approach used is a case approach in normative research. Data collection techniques through literature studies, interviews and qualitative data analysis. The results showed that the regulation of waqf land affected by land acquisition for the construction of the Qubatul Jannah mosque toll road in Adiwerna Village refers to Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf jo. Government Regulation Number 25 of 2018 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 concerning the Implementation of Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf. And for the procedure, the nadzir must submit an application for a permit to change the status of the exchange of waqf land to the Ministry of Religion of Tegal Regency which has been equipped with a waqf land valuation document. Based on the results of this research is expected to be information and input for students, academics, practitioners and all parties in need within the Faculty of Law, Pancasakti University Tegal.

Management efficiency of Chinese toll road operating companies and influencing factors

This study measured the management efficiency of Chinese toll road operating companies and examined the influencing factors from the internal input and external policy dimensions. The results revealed that the management efficiency of operating companies was low and that listed toll road companies (LTRCs) were generally more efficient than wholly state-owned toll road companies (STRCs). Levels of utilization in different production inputs varied among the operating companies, with LTRCs being better at exploiting the advantages of all production inputs. Macro-industrial policies affected management efficiency by changing the use of production input factors.

Modernisasi Melalui Pembangunan Menuju Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Indonesia

Indonesia, as a developing country, faces challenges in improving people's welfare through development that is not yet optimal. Under the leadership of President Joko Widodo, the government is focusing on significant infrastructure development in an effort to encourage economic growth and modernization. Using Harrod Domar's modernization theory, this research examines how investment in infrastructure can encourage Indonesia's economic growth. The method used is literature study, with analysis of literature related to infrastructure development and modernization theory. The results show that toll road construction has a positive impact on transportation efficiency, community mobility, and economic growth, although it also faces several challenges such as environmental impacts and community involvement. The construction of toll roads, especially through collaboration between the government and the private sector, is an example of the application of Harrod Domar's theory in the context of Indonesian modernization, showing that effective investment in infrastructure can increase productivity and community welfare.

Convolutional Neural Network and LSTM for Seat Belt Detection in Vehicles using YOLO3

The application of an electronic violation detection system has begun to be implemented in many countries using CCTV cameras installed at highway and toll road points. However, the development of a violation detection system using data in the form of images that have a high level of accuracy is still a challenge for researchers. Several types of violations detected include the use of seat belts, the use of cell phones while driving, which is influenced by the number of vehicles, vehicle speed and lighting, which can increase the difficulty in the detection process. This research developed a traffic violation detection system using a hybrid model, namely the CNN and LSTM algorithms for the application of discipline using seat belts. The dataset was obtained from RoboFlow Universe with a total of 199 front view car images consists of 82 using seatbelts and 78 not using seatbelts for the training process. The CNN algorithm plays a role in the feature extraction process from input image data, while the LSTM algorithm plays a role in the prediction process. Additionally, the performance evaluation of the CNN+LSTM algorithm will be measured using the accuracy value to measure the performance of the training process and testing process. When measuring the performance of the training process, it will be compared with several basic detection models used, such as CNN, VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNetV2, Yolo3, Yolo3+LSTM. The test results show that Yolo3+LSTM has a higher accuracy compared to the others, at 89%. Next, in the testing process, the CNN+LSTM model will be compared with the basic method, namely CNN. The test results show that the CNN+LSTM models have a higher accuracy of 89%. Meanwhile, in the basic CNN model, the resulting accuracy was 85%.

STUDI KOMPARASI KAPASITAS DUKUNG RENCANA DAN KAPASITAS DUKUNG AKTUAL FONDASI TIANG PANCANG PADA KONSTRUKSI SLAB ON PILE JALAN TOL SEMARANG – DEMAK SEKSI 2

Semarang - Demak Toll Road Section 2 with a length of 16.31 km crosses the North Coast of Java. The regional geological map shows that the North Coast of Java has alluvial soil layers with clay and silt characteristics. The results of soil investigations show that the depth of the soft layer reaches more than 60 m. This condition triggers construction engineering to support the Highway above it. One of the efforts to fulfill the elevation plan (finish grade) is the flyover concept with slab on pile construction. The planned traffic lane is laid on a concrete slab which is supported by piles with a diameter of 600 mm. With sufficiently deep soft soil layers, the bearing capacity of the foundation piles is borne by the frictional resistance provided by the soil along the piles. This comparative study compares the planned carrying capacity calculated by the empirical formula with the actual carrying capacity of the field as a result of the PDA Test. Calculations were made on 5 test poles for later comparisons were made with the PDA test record data. For the case of 14 days driving at the research location, the pile bearing capacity from the PDA test results is still below the design bearing capacity. The average actual carrying capacity obtained from the 5 test piles is 278 tons. This value is below the planned carrying capacity of the Shio & Fukui method of 381 tons, Meyerhoff's 355 tons, Biaud et al's 777 tons, and Luciano Decourt's 605 tons. At the age of the pile 14 days after the erection was completed, the results of the calculation of the bearing capacity of the Meyerhoff method are closest to the actual bearing capacity of the PDA test results with a ratio of 1.26. The next method is Shio & Fukui with a ratio of 1.36, Luciano Decourt (2.16), and Biaud et al (2.81). Some of the results of previous studies showed a positive correlation between the age after completion of the pile and the frictional carrying capacity. For this type of friction pile, this is of course very influential, so that it is possible that when it is realized that it is carried out with a longer service life, the actual bearing capacity obtained will increase. This requires further research to obtain a time relationship with an increase in pile bearing capacity, especially for locations that have deep soft soil layers such as in this study location.