Road Reconstruction Research Articles

Recycling of fine-asphalt-pavement solid waste for low-shrinkage rapid hardening Portland cement concrete pavement

This study aims to investigate the effects of using fine reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and fly ash (FA) on the mechanical and shrinkage behaviors of rapid hardening Portland cement (RHPC) concretes. Thus, several tests were carried out to assess the engineering properties of the original fine RAP. Using the orthogonal design method, mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of cement dosage, water-to-cement ratio (W/C), RAP content, and FA content. In addition, the influence of the RAP and FA on the shrinkage properties was estimated via shrinkage tests. The results indicate that the W/C was the most significant factor affecting the fresh and mechanical properties. With partial replacement (0–25%) of cement and sand by FA and RAP, the strength data suggested the possibility of completing road reconstruction 21 d in advance. Moreover, minor differences in the thermal expansion coefficient were observed for the combined use of RAP and FA. Instead, increasing the percentage of FA and RAP contributed to improved dry and plastic shrinkage behaviors. These results confirm the possibility of achieving more rapid recovery, sustainability, and higher-cracking-resistant pavement concrete.

Review of Methods for Estimating Construction Work Zone Capacity

Road reconstruction and the resulting work zones are considered as a major source of traffic congestion and delays on freeways. The roadway capacity is decreased as a result of a reduced number of traffic lanes, narrower lanes, and work zone speed limits. Accurate prediction of construction work zone capacity helps traffic engineers to have a better estimation of the traffic flow characteristics. To this end, multiple methodologies have been developed to quantify the impacts of work zones on traffic flow. This paper presents a critical review of the three types of approaches to estimating construction work zone capacities, including parametric, non-parametric, and simulation. Then the most commonly considered factors and their frequency are presented. It also performs a detailed review of the approaches, their objectives, and weaknesses. Lastly, it provides recommendations for future research. The presented work could help researchers in the area of work zone capacity estimation by presenting all the previous methodologies in one place.

Evaluation of the Impact on the Environment at Building and Reconstruction of Motorways Using the System Analysis Method

From the point of view of the system approach, the interrelation in the system “highway repair – environment” was investigated, which allowed systematizing the main aspects of environmental impact during the technological process of road repair. As a result of the parametric analysis of the subsystems that make up the system, the main groups of environmental parameters that are subject to the effects of technological processes of road repair were identified. The mathematical model of cause-effect relationships in the system under study allows identifying the main aspects of environmental impact during technological processes of road construction and reconstruction. Its application in environmental impact assessment allows forming a criteria base for environmental impact assessment. The article defines the relationship between the process of performing a certain stage of repair work on the project of construction of the highway of state importance N-31 Dnipro – Tsarychanka – Kobeliaky – Reshetylivka and its impact on the environment.

Огляд останніх напрацювань з удосконаленої кошторисної нормативної документації на дорожні роботи

Introduction. In the modern conditions of the pricing system in the construction of Ukraine, the key value have the estimated norms, which are presented in separate collections, the main purpose of which is to determine the standard quantity of resources required to perform a particular type of work as a basis for the transition to the cost indicators. In order to determine the cost of road work objectively and accurately, it is essential that the indicators of estimated norms meet the requirements of regulatory documents and modern methods of execution of road works.Problematics. In connection with the active improvement of the regulatory base of the road construction industry, permanent upgrade of road organizations technique fleet, the introduction of new technologies and materials in construction and operation of roads, improving the methods of work there is a discrepancy between the existing resource element of estimated norms and the actual conditions of work in terms of built-up labor costs, the operation time of machines and mechanisms and the range of materials. Accordingly, it affects the reliability and accuracy of determining the cost of road works.Purpose. Improvement and harmonization with actual working conditions and requirements of regulatory documents of industry regulatory and estimate base of resource elementary estimated norms for work performed during construction, reconstruction, repair and operational maintenance of roads and bridges to ensure reliable and valid technical, economic and estimated calculations.Materials and methods. During work performance the analysis of the regulatory documentation, establishing the requirements to the technology of road works and materials has been carried out. A number of chronometric observations with the measurement of time of road works in full-scale conditions was carried out. The obtained data were summarized, averaged and on their basis the indicators of the resource element of the estimated norms were estimated.Results. A review of the main amendments and additions, which came into force after the approval of Amendment No 2 SOU 42.1-37641918-035:2018 [1] and Amendment No 2 SOU 42.1-37641918-071:2018 [2], which were developed to improve the regulatory-estimate base for the calculation of road works, taking into account the requirements and provisions of existing regulatory documents taking into account the current state of scientific and technological progress in the road sector.Conclusions. The above analysis of the amendments that came into force with the approval of [1]. and [2] will systematize the innovations provided by the requirements of current regulatory documents on the calculation of the cost of road works and the development of relevant documents at all stages of the investment process, planning and organization of road works, as well as the writing-off of material resources. Review and systematization of recent improvements in the estimated regulatory documents for road works will provide an opportunity to optimally plan the use of available material, labor and financial resources, often limited.Keywords: public road, operational maintenance, investment documentation, overhaul and current repairs, machine, mechanism, regulatory document, resource element estimate norm, Standard of Organization of Ukraine.

The deterministic component of the traffic flow intensity

The information obtained from enforcement complexes of traffic rules allows determining in real time the traffic flow intensity over long periods of time. The analysis of the obtained dependencies leads to the conclusion that there is a periodic deterministic component in the characteristic of the traffic flow intensity. The using of the smoothing procedure allows one to define the deterministic and stochastic components, which are qualitatively different on workdays and weekends. Statistical indicators of stochastic distributions of traffic flow intensities and random components isolated from them are determined. The estimates of the correspondence of the obtained curves to the normal law of probability distribution were carried out. It is shown that the deterministic components of the traffic flows intensity both on working days and on weekends are similar in shape and location of maximum and minimum values. It seems appropriate to use deterministic components for predicting traffic flows, controlling the operation of traffic lights, monitoring equipment operation, as well as in the reconstruction, design and construction of roads and road facilities.

Simulation model of the organization of technologicaltransport movement at a mining enterprise

The article presents a simulation model for organizing the movement of technological transport on the road network of a mining enterprise, the study of which will justify the use of technical means of traffic control and avoid emergencies. The simulation model of traffic management on the road network of the mining enterprise is designed to study the effectiveness of the road network and the traffic control system on it, including using automation tools, calculating the control parameters of traffic regulation and verifying the correct choice of their number and location on the ground. The simulation model has a block-modular structure. As the control program, the algorithm of the technical means for organizing traffic at the facility and section of the road is used. The developed simulation model makes it possible to take into account such parameters of the traffic flow as the type, speed of the vehicle, and time intervals between vehicles. During the simulation, situations of standard movement of vehicles along a road section, the occurrence of a traffic accident and accumulation of vehicles on a road section, as well as the maintenance, repair and reconstruction of roads and the functioning of traffic control equipment at the enterprise are set up.

Monitoring of Road Conditions Based on Geographic Information Systems: A Case Study of Yangiyul District of Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan

Modern requirements for road management require the use of new technologies and methods in solving the problems of construction, reconstruction and maintenance of roads. Currently, road organizations have begun work on the creation of a geographic information system for roads; digital maps with the location and layer of roads are being assembled. Information about roads, is very important data for many social-economic sectors of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this paper, creating geospatial digital and informative map of roads of Bukhara district of Tashkent region is revealed. The map covers all types and categories of roads. All availability conditions of roads inserted to attribute table of ArcGIS 10.2 and analyzed geospatial operations. On maps, created by not road organizations, information about roads is presented in a standard form, which leads to the lack of modern information on the condition of roads.

Формування інноваційних конкурентних переваг підприємств дорожнього господарства в умовах стратегічних змін

The article is devoted to the study of innovative competitive advantages of the road economy enterprises in the context of strategic changes. Based on the analysis of types of economic activity by the technological sectors, it is determined that the construction and reconstruction of roads is classified as a low-tech sector of the economy, which leads to a slow pace of development of innovativeness of competitive advantages of the road economy enterprises. At the same time, the analysis of the dynamics of budget funds to finance the construction, reconstruction and repair of roads of national importance demonstrates the potential for the formation of innovative competitive advantages. Under such conditions, the conception of open innovations becomes especially relevant. According to the results of the study, it is defined that the conception of open innovations in Ukraine can be implemented through the creation of information platforms along with provision of reference and information resources. As an instrumentarium for the implementation of the conception of open innovations in the road industry in Ukraine, it is proposed to consider the following: web portal «Innovations in the road industry»; database of information and analytical system on the projected and constructed analogue objects; thematic plan of research and development works of the State Agency of Automobile Roads of Ukraine and analysis of trends in the world innovative development of road construction. It is specified that for the development of competitive advantages of road economy enterprises in the context of strategic changes, it is necessary to constantly focus on improving construction processes, applying innovative technologies and innovative materials. This approach will allow road economy enterprises to make economically sound business decisions when choosing innovative technologies and materials for implementation.

Measurements of urban traffic parameters before and after road reconstruction

AbstractThe study analyzed the parameters of vehicle traffic and noise on the national road in the section in the city from 2011 to 2016. In 2013–2014 this road was reconstructed. It was found that in most cases, the distribution of the tested variable was not normal. The median and selected percentiles of vehicle traffic parameters and noise were examined. The variability and type A uncertainty of the results were described and evaluated. The results obtained for the data recorded on working and non-working days were compared. The vehicle cumulative speed distributions, for two-way four-lane road segments in both directions were analyzed. A mathematical model of normalized traffic flow has been proposed. Fit factor R2of the proposed equations to the experimental data for passenger vehicles ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. It has been shown that two years after the road reconstruction, the median noise level did not increase even though traffic volumes and vehicle speeds increased. The Cnossos noise model was validated for data recorded over a period of 6 years. A very good agreement of the medians determined according to the Cnossos-EU model and the measured ones was obtained. It should be noted, however, that for the other analyzed percentiles,e.g.95%, the discrepancies are larger.

Ensuring high-quality performance of the required scope of works by road-building machines in the Arctic zone

Today, the development of the Arctic regions is one of the priority tasks for Russia. However, it is impossible without a developed road network where road network density is one of the territory development drivers. If we consider this indicator on a country scale, we will see that only about 50% of all hard-surface roads are paved. In the Arctic regions, this indicator is 14% on average, which is the lowest value in the country. Therefore, it is important to ensure the construction, reconstruction, repair, and maintenance of roads in the Arctic not only today but also in the future. Our goal was to identify the reasons behind the decrease in the performance efficiency of road-building machines in the Arctic zone under the existing operation strategies. We also aimed to substantiate and propose a fundamentally new conceptual approach to the production operation of road-building machines in the Arctic.Based on the new concept, when solving issues related to the operation of road-building machines, it is necessary to proceed not from the machine itself but from the scope of works that needs to be done. In fact, the works performed are the intended purpose of the machines under consideration. Using this approach, we can conduct a full-fledged study of the performance of machines used for the construction, reconstruction, repair, and maintenance of roads, including in the Arctic zone.The obtained results can be effectively applied when planning the scope of works as well as when operating road-building machines in the Arctic. The paper poses scientific and practical interest for those maintaining various stages of the road-building machinery life cycle.

Investing in road construction infrastructure projects under public-private partnership in the form of concession

Purpose. To substantiate an approach to road development investment management in Ukraine in compliance with the principle of syncretism and the use of Quality Function Deployment methodology, to improve the methodological approach to calculating the concession fee for brown-field and green-field road concession projects. Methodology. The study used a set of general and special methods of cognition: the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, the environmental approach, multimodal analysis, Decoupling Index, Decoupling Factor, logical generalization, quantitative and qualitative comparison, scientific abstraction and systematization. Findings. According to the results of research on interrelation of cost of an investment project and volumes of works by their types, an economic-mathematical model of estimation of need for investments in projects for construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of public motor roads is offered. The proposed model, unlike the existing ones, is based on lateral understanding of the clarity of delineation of capital needs by type of road construction, which will provide taking management decisions on investment projects with model and information tools that will help obtain the most realistic assessment of need for capital needed to improve the transport operation condition of motor roads in Ukraine. Originality. The organizational-economic mechanism of management of investment activity of road economy and the estimation of efficiency of co-financing investment projects under programs on construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of motor roads is advanced. The diagnostics of efficiency of investment of construction of public motor roads under public-private partnership in the form of concession is improved. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the activities of road industry of Ukraine for the development and implementation of investment projects under motor road development programs.

RESEARCH OF THE NATURE OF TRANSPORTATION IN UKRAINE BY ROAD TRANSPORT

The article emphasizes that motor transport in Ukraine is a service link of the entire national economy and plays an important role in the development of the countryʼs economy. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of transport are identified. It is noted that Ukraine is actively involved in world socio-economic processes. It is stated that in order to increase the efficiency of the transport system it is necessary to comprehensively update and modernize transport, which will include a set of measures for regulatory and legal support and the creation of a favorable investment climate, taking into account budgetary and non-budgetary investment. It was emphasized that the implementation of the transport strategy will contribute to the intensive improvement of the transport system, sustainable economic development and welfare of Ukrainians. The dynamics of road transport of passengers in Ukraine is presented and on its basis the forecast of a state of this branch for the next six years which is disappointing for our state is constructed. The reasons for this behavior of the forecast curve are given, the most significant of which are military actions in the East of the country. Ways to improve this situation are presented, first of all, by implementing certain provisions on transport, which are declared in the document on the association of Ukraine and the EU. The dynamics of cargo transportation by road in Ukraine is given and the forecast for the next six years, which is better than the previous one, is also built. The connection between Ukraineʼs GDP and road transport has been studied. The linear relationship is shown to be very weak. Other links checked. It is best to approximate this connection by a fifth degree polynomial. The solution of the system of equations is constructed, where the coefficients of the polynomial variable are determined. Here, the coefficient of determination is more acceptable than in the case of a linear relationship. The article identifies the main ways to solve the main problems of the motor transport industry, where the issue of tax burden, international freight, where it is necessary to introduce partial compensation for resource costs, reconstruction of roads, introduction of economic security management methods at transport enterprises.

Wild orchids of Tyumen and challenges, related to their preservation

There are 11 plant species of the Orchidaceae family in the city area of Tyumen; eight of them are protected in the Tyumen region, one species is included in the Red Book of Russia. Representatives of the family are found in the urban forest complex, roadside forest belts, on lawns and in public gardens of the central part of the city. Most species are represented locally by single specimens or small groups; three species – Epipactis helleborine, Platanthera bifolia and Neottianthe cucullata can form large complete coenopopulations. The main anthropogenous factors negatively affecting the condition of orchids in the city are: reconstruction of roads and plantations, regular mowing of grass in the habitats of plants. The protection of species requires coordinated efforts of municipal services for the improvement of urban areas and environmental organizations.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ДОРОЖНЬОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The importance of road management for the economy and the state as a whole is determined. Developed transport infrastructure and highways are the key to a developed society and the efficient functioning of the economy of any state. According to the latest estimates of the Ministry of Infrastructure, the technical and operational condition of roads meets modern requirements for strength and equality by only 39.2% and 51.1%, respectively, due to the crisis in budget funding, insufficient maintenance of infrastructure, backwardness of technologies in the field of construction, which in turn causes economic and environmental losses in other sectors of the national economy. The main problems that damage the development of the road industry include: non-compliance of road coverage with European standards and traffic intensity, road wear, reduced road safety, poor quality of road repairs, poor control and others. The article examines the state, trends and prospects of road development in Ukraine. The main participants and the hierarchy of road users and the functions they perform are described. The structure of state and local roads of Ukraine is analyzed. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine № 1762 "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine" On Sources of Financing of the Road Industry of Ukraine "to improve the financing mechanism of the road sector" and № 1763 "On Amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine to improve the mechanism of financing the road sector" funds to finance the construction, reconstruction and repair of roads of national importance in 2020, 2021. On the basis of legislative documents and the National Transport Strategy, the main directions of the industry development are highlighted. Sources of financing of the Road Fund are established. It should be noted that this is not only revenue from the state budget, but also active involvement

Фурье-анализ интенсивности транспортного потока

The relevance of this work is determined by the need to find modern ways to process the information about traffic flows for regulating and controlling the movement of transport and pedestrians, to reduce congestion, road accidents, etc. The object of study is a part of road with heavy two-way traffic, equipped with a software and hardware complex that allows to measure the characteristics of the transport flow. The subject of the study is the daily intensity of the cars flow during the week, from Monday to Sunday. The purpose of this study is to analyze the amplitudes, frequencies, and periods of harmonic functions obtained by decomposing the time series of road traffic intensities to identify the main patterns of traffic flow formation. As a theoretical and methodological approach, the decomposition of the function of the traffic flow intensity in the Fourier series with respect to harmonic functions is used. The approach developed by the authors using the fast Fourier transform procedure made it possible to determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the time series under consideration, which is a scientific novelty of the analysis. It is proposed to use the «period-amplitude» characteristics as physically more meaningful instead of the «frequency-amplitude» dependencies traditionally used for the analysis. The processing of data obtained from software and hardware complexes allowed us to determine dependences of the car flow intensity on the road of the Perm city at different averaging intervals, to describe the features of the motor transport movement on the road under consideration. As a result of the study, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of time series are obtained. It is shown that the individual harmonics of the Fourier series expansion of the traffic flow intensity, which exhibits the properties of a random function, duplicate the periodicity of the global, local, and intermediate extremes of the original function and have similar periods. The practical significance consists in the use of the decomposition of the function of the traffic flow intensity in the Fourier series of harmonic functions for predicting traffic flows, controlling the operation of traffic lights, monitoring the operation of equipment, as well as in the reconstruction, design and construction of roads and road objects. The study will continue in the direction of obtaining, processing and determining the «period-amplitude» characteristics for time series of traffic flow intensity for other road networks.

Ways to increase logistic efficiency of uzbekistan on the basis of development of central Asia transport corridors

The intensification of globalization and integration processes in the world has led to the expansion of trade relations between countries. This process requires, firstly, the development of transport communications, as well as the formation of new cheap and short transcontinental transit corridors, and secondly, the coordination of transport systems of the region with the global transports system. Today, many transport projects have been initiated, and one of the most important projects is the reconstruction of the Great Silk Road. The importance and high profitability of this sector is evidenced by the fact that in the initial stage it is planned to allocate more than 900 billion US dollars for the implementation of the project "One Belt, One Road" for the creation of global transport corridors. The launch of such transport corridors will save both time and unnecessary costs in international transport.

Использование комплекса фотовидеофиксации нарушений правил дорожного движения для выделения детерминированной и стохастической составляющих интенсивности транспортного потока

The relevance of the manuscript is due to the need to process and analyze the information accumulated by the complexes of photo-video recording of traffic violations, which will further develop mathematical, computational and simulation models of road transport, solve problems of optimization and management of traffic flows, make management decisions to reduce the number of congestion and reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment. The object of the study is a part of a three-lane road with heavy one-way traffic, equipped with a software and technical complex that allows measuring the main characteristics of the traffic flow (vehicle speeds, including the average values on the controlled road part, driving time, etc.). The subject of the study is the traffic flow intensity during a 7-day time (from Monday to Sunday). The analysis of the obtained dependences allowed us to formulate a hypothesis about the presence of determin- istic and stochastic components in the traffic flow intensity, which is a random function of time, and the verification of which is the purpose of this study. Statistical processing of the obtained data is used as a theoretical and methodological approach, as well as the assumption that the traffic flow intensity can be represented by the sum of deterministic and stochastic components. The developed approach using the smoothing procedure allowed us to select both components, and this is a scientific novelty of the analysis performed. As a result of the study, it is shown that the deterministic component of the traffic flow intensity for working days is qualitatively different from the deterministic component for weekends. Statistical indicators of probabilistic distributions of traffic flow intensities and random components selected from them are determined. Estimates of the correspondence of the selected curves to the normal law of probability distribution are obtained using the Kolmogorov and Pearson criteria, which contradict each other. Practical significance consists in the use of a deterministic component for predicting traffic flows, controlling the operation of traffic lights, monitoring the operation of equipment, as well as in the reconstruction, design and construction of roads and road objects. The direction of further research is to obtain, statistically process and generalize data on the traffic flows intensity in other parts of the road network.

Research of the efficiency of the use of belite sludge for the device of monolithic layers of road clothes by the method of cold recycling

Introduction. The physical and mechanical properties of belite (nepheline) sludge, a large-tonnage waste of alumina production, are given. The scope of its application is shown in the construction, reconstruction and repair of roads and airfields.Materials and methods. The data of theoretical and laboratory studies on the use of ground nepheline sludge as a binder for strengthening asphalt granulate, including at low temperatures, without antifreeze additives. The optimal dosages of finely ground sludge for strengthening asphalt granulate 10–15℅ have been determined.Results. The results of the experimental studies were confirmed during the production check during the construction of the pilot section of the foundation made of sludge granulometric concrete. The direction of further research is determined.

Case Study on the Effect of Recycled Asphalt Layer Parameters on the Bearing Capacity of the Pavement

Numerous ways to use recycled asphalt (RA) in the road base course will provide both environmental and economic benefits, allowing to recycle and utilise this initially waste material in road or pavement reconstruction projects. However, the properties and parameters of RA necessary for the application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in a new pavement structure in most cases are not detectable in the design stage, which complicates design and construction process. The purpose of this paper is to study possibilities for evaluating the performance and parameters of RA, as well as to review the possibilities, methods and applications for RA testing. Data for this case study were obtained from recently completed road structures in the form of FWD measurements, together with lab explored parameters of drilled pavement cores. Based on that data, the relationships between the main pavement structural parameters, such as modulus on the surface of the pavement, compressive strength of RA core segment, thickness of bound layers and back calculated modulus were examined. On the way to exploring different analytical approaches, two approximation models were developed and compared, using the obtained data: by directly approximating the obtained data and after processing them with artificial neural network (ANN).

Pengaruh Aktivitas Tektonik Terhadap Rekonstruksi Jalan Di Desa Pekan Gedang Dan Sekitarnya, Kecamatan Batang Asai, Kabupaten Sarolangun, Jambi

The Semangko Fault is a regional fault stretching along the island of Sumatra, consisting of several segments with movements of 6-37 mm per year (Sieh et al., 2000). Administratively, the research area is located in Batang Asai District, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi. Based on its geographical location, the study area is included in the Semangko Fault zone with geological conditions composed by pre-Tertiary age rocks that have been deformed, both faults and hefty. Deformation that occurs continuously, is characterized by several reconstructions of damaged roads in the alignment zone. The analysis carried out on the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) image includes morphotectonic aspects and identification of the solid data and fault fields collected in the field in order to interpret the level of tectonic activity that affects the road reconstruction in the area. From the results of the analysis it was identified that tectonic activity in the area was very high according to the classification of El Hamdouni et al. (2007).