Rivne Oblast Research Articles

DURATION OF BLOCKADE OF PERIPHERAL NERVES WITH LOW CONCENTRATED BUPIVACAINE SOLUTION DEPENDING OF THE ADJUVANTS

Background. In recent years, anesthesiology has shown a tendency to reduce the use of narcotic analgesics intra- and postoperatively. This is due to respiratory depression and as a result – hypoxia in the postoperative period. In addition, the use of narcotic analgesics does not allow the patient to mobilize in the early postoperative period, which in turn increases the risk of thromboembolic complications, especially in elderly patients and patients with obesity. However, withdrawal from a narcotic analgesic should not affect the patient’s postoperative comfort and pain-relief. The rapid progress in the development of regional methods of analgesia has significantly reduced the use of narcotic analgesics intra and post operatively and has provided sufficient pain relief for patients. Despite the results achieved, we continue to search for the perfect combination of local anesthetic and adjuvants to ensure long-lasting and safe analgesia.Objective. Suggest a new combination of local anesthetics and adjuvants, compare the duration of postoperative analgesia after peripheral nerve blocks with low concentration bupivacaine solution with dexamethasone and low concentration bupivacaine with dexamethasone and epinephrine. Explore the possibility of orthopedic surgery without using narcotic anesthetics.Materials and methods. Seventy peripheral nerve blocks were performed in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery at Rivne Oblast State Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups, depending on the adjuvant to the local anesthetic: Group 1 – patients whose blockade was performed with solution of bupivacaine 0,375% and dexamethasone 0,02%; Group 2 – patients whose blockade was performed with a solution of bupivacaine 0,375% with dexamethasone 0,02% and epinephrine 0,00018%. The duration of the blockade was estimated by puncturing the skin with a needle. Pain intensity was assessed at the 6th, 12th, 24th and 36th hours after blockade using a VAS scale. The amount of narcotic anesthetic used in the postoperative period were also recorded. In addition, patients underwent electromyography of the innervation area of the blocked nerve before the surgery and 24 and 36 hours after surgery.Results. The duration of blockade in Group 2 was longer by 10 hours, the intensity of pain (VAS) was significantly higher after 24 hours (1.65 ± 1.35 in Group 2 and 5.3 ± 1.26 in Group 1). According to electromyography, 24 hours after the blockade conductance in Group 1 was restored by 95-100%, unlike Group 2, where conductivity was restored by only 47-59%.Conclusions. The proposed combination of local anesthetics and adjuvants provides both adequate anesthesia during surgery and prolonged post-operative analgesia.

Smykiv – the new key section of the upper pleistocene of the Volyn Upland

Formulation the problem. The new section at Smykiv in the Volyn Upland has an informative stratigraphic record, showing details of climatic phases in the Late Pleistocene. The site is located in the Rivne Oblast, 40 km south of Lutsk, on slope of the River Dezha (the tributary of the River Styr). Review of previous publications and studies. The loess-palaeosol sequence of the Volyn’ Upland has been intensively studied by Ukrainian, Russian and Polish researchers such as A. Bogucki, M. Lanczont, P. Voloshyn, A. Tsatskin, V. Nechaev, T. Morozova, L. Bezusko, J. Kusiak, S. Fedorowicz, J. Nawrocki, R. Dmytruk and many others. Methods. The section has been studied using lithostratigraphic, palaeopedological, palaeocryological, grain size, micromorphological and partial chemical methods, which enable the reconstruction of past climate and environment. The stratigraphy is applied follows the Quaternary Framework of Ukraine (Veklitch et al., 1993). All the stratigraphical units of the Upper Pleistocene are represented in the section; and, herein, these divided into smaller parts characterized by distinct environmental histories. The purpose of the article is to study the detailed stratified sequence at Smykiv by various methods in order to clarify the regional Quaternary palaeogeographical scheme. Results. The periglacial alluvium of the Dnipro unit, at the base of the sequence, and the analysis of the position of the site in the relief indicate the interpretation that it is located on the Dezha river’s terrace. The alluvium bed is distorted by syngenetic involutions. The overlying Kaydaky unit truncates the alluvium, and is inclined parallel to the present valley slope. Three pedogenetic phases during the Kaydaky times are identifiable: pedosediments formed in the first phase (kda), pedosediments of forest soil formed in the early optimum (kdb1) and a Retisol formed in the late optimum (kdb2). During the Tyasmyn cold event, a network of small soil veins formed. Renewed, but less intense than in the Kaydaky unit, erosion processes started in Pryluky times. It can be demonstrated that the Pryluky polygenetic soil was formed in three phases, divided by a cold event in mid Pryluky times (pl2). A Chernozem with signs of slight podzolisation and biogenic aggregation was formed during the first phase (pl1b2). The soil is disturbed by cryogenic features formed during pl2. An incipient Cambisol was enriched with a fine organic matter during the phase pl3b1. An incipient Calcic Cambisol (pl3b2), aggregated and slightly gleyed, formed at the end of the Pryluky time. Erosion processes were not strongly developed during Pleniglacial. At the beginning of the stadials (in Uday and Bug times), solifluction processes occurred. At the beginning of these stadials, other cryogenic features, such as soil veins, frost fissures and ice-wedges, were also formed. Upper Pleistocene loess beds show slight pedogenesis, particularly very weak humus accumulation and biogenic aggregation. Furthermore, all Pleniglacial units are enriched in carbonates in diverse forms: however, the most common is disperse powdery lime. These last are frequently interpreted as being the result of calcite crystallization under cryogenic processes. During Vytachiv and Dofinivka interstadial times, boreal soils were formed – Gleyic Cambisol and Calcic Gleyic Cambisol, respectively. The first is mostly represented by pedosediments (indicating intense erosion), whereas the second soil is preserved in situ and it is enriched in fine organic matter and is well-microaggregated. The last loess unit of the Upper Pleistocene, the Prychornomorsk loess unit, is subdivided into two loess subunits (pc1 and pc3) which are connected with cryogenic events, and a Gleysol (pc2), indicating a relatively warm period.

Territorial organization of confessional space of the Western regions of Ukraine

The study is devoted to the coverage of the territorial organization of the modern confessional space of the regions of Western Ukraine, which was formed under the influence of complex historical and geographical factors, namely the formation of Ukraine, socio-political life of individual regions, the influence of Western civilization, national liberation movements, ethnic composition and more. The Western Ukrainian region, to which we include 8 oblasts, namely: Zakarpattia, Lviv, Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi and Khmelnytskyi, is distinguished by a high level of religious mosaic and activity of the population, which is manifested in high rates of provision with religious communities and organizations, a high proportion of those who consider themselves believers and attend worship services weekly or at least once a month, and other indicators. It is interesting that in the territory of Western Ukraine such historical and geographical lands are separated as Volyn, Zakarpattia, Halychyna, Northern Bukovina, Southern Bukovina, part of Dorohoishchyna and Podillya, which certainly emphasizes this region as special for studying the geographical features of the formation of confessional space. Orthodoxy in the study region predominates in Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, Volyn, Rivne, and Zakarpattia oblasts, and Greek Catholicism predominates in Halychyna (Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, and Ternopil oblasts). It is interesting that Roman Catholics are quite prominent in the confessional structure in the Khmelnytskyi oblast, where Poles occupy a significant share in the ethnic structure. Protestantism is present in all regions, but it is most concentrated in Volyn and Northern Bessarabia. In Zakarpattia oblast there is a separate denomination – the Transcarpathian Reformed Church, which is mainly professed by Hungarians. It is established that the confessional space differs not so much by administrative-territorial boundaries as by historical-geographical regions, which confirms the idea of the main influence on the process of its formation of historical-geographical features of territory formation, ethnic composition, demographic processes and other socio-political factors.

INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC STATE OF RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED AREAS OF UKRAINE.

Basing on the integrated assessment to conduct a comparative statistical analysis as of 2016 of thedemographic state of the areas of Ukraine that are recognized as those with the most intensive radiological con-tamination due to the Chornobyl NPP accident.Study object. The population of the regions of Ukraine with the most intensive radiological contamination due tothe Chornobyl NPP accident and the population of Ukraine as a whole (control). The data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and its regional offices were used asinformation base in this study. Integrated assessment of the demographic situation in a oblast was conducted basedon the calculations of the territorial indices and multidimensional average variable on each region. Demographic,mathematical-statistical, graphic, software-technological methods were used in this study. Radiologically contaminated regions of Ukraine differ significantly: both by the number ofpopulation (from 5800 people in the Poliske region to 105100 people in the Sarny region), and by the variability inthemedical and demographic indicators; bothone from another and compared to data for the country.The results of the calculations of 10 medical and demographic («positive» and «negative») territorial indices andmultidimensional average variable (P) as integrative assessment of the demographic state have revealed that thebest indicators of the demographic situation in 2016 were in Rokytne (P = 1.249) and Sarny (P = 1.112) regions ofthe Rivne oblast, while the worse indicators were in Kozelets (P = 0.363) and Ripky regions of the Chernihiv oblast.The demographic situation of the Olevsk region of the Zhytomyr oblast (P = 0.947)was the closest to the nationalaverage one. Poliske, Narodychi, Ovruch, Ivankiv and Korosten regions take intermediate position as comparedto theregions of Rivne and Chernihiv oblasts (P = 0.618-0.742).

Spatial peculiarities of social networking services distribution in Rivnenska oblast

Social networking services are a modern phenomenon in the field of human relations. As differentiated from western science, the issue of SNS spatial distribution is not a matter of high concern in Ukrainian researchers because of a number of objective and subjective reasons. The main task of the research is to analyze the spatial distribution of the amount of users and the penetration level of social networking services such as Facebook and Instagram in administrative districts and cities of region subordination belonging to Rivnenska oblast. Facebook is the most popular social networking service in Rivnenska oblast. There is a trend towards concentration of users' accounts in big cities: Rivne City, Dubno City, Varash City. More than 70% of users of the oblast live in the cities of oblast subordination and 58.4% of accounts are concentrated in Rivne City which is also the regional center. T. Hägerstrand's Spatial Innovation Diffusion Theory has been proved – the largest cities of the oblast are regional innovation centers. Densely populated Sarnenskyi, Bereznivskyi, and Kostopilskyi districts are distinguished among the districts. Facebook is the least used in Dubenskyi, Rivnenskуі, Ostrozkyi, Zarichnenskyi, Demydivskyi, Hoshchanskyi districts. The penetration rate of the social networking service Facebook in the oblast is 32.7% (in Ukraine – 31.0%). The highest level is in cities of oblast subordination. Rivne City and Dubno City are particularly distinguished. High levels of penetration are achieved due to the high development of technical infrastructure, through the companies' and shops' accounts, as well as accounts of residents from surrounding villages. The relatively low penetration rate in Varash City, the second largest city of Rivne oblast due to population, can be explained by the weaker connections with the surrounding area. In administrative districts, the penetration rate is much lower. A relatively high percentage of users are in Radyvylivskyi, Bereznivskyi, Kostopilskyi districts. These districts are characterized by a high level of socio-economic development and convenient socio-geographical location. The lowest level of penetration of the social networking service is in Demydivskyi, Zarichnenskyi, Hoshchanskyi districts. These are little developed and depressed territories within the oblast. The second most popular social networking service in Rivnenska oblast is Instagram (26.3% penetration rate). In terms of development, it is inferior to Facebook, and its main users are mostly young people. In the spatial distribution of Instagram users, we can trace the same trends as the Facebook. In general, the distribution of social networking services such as Facebook and Instagram in Rivnenska oblast corresponds to a hierarchical model of spatial diffusion. There is a trend towards concentration of users in big cities.

ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ НЕЗАКОННОГО ВИДОБУВАННЯ БУРШТИНУ НА СТАН ДОВКІЛЛЯ РІВНЕНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Research rationale. The current state of the natural environment in the northwestern part of Ukrainian Polissia is characterized by a huge-scale changes in cultivated lands. The reasons for the disturbance of the structure of natural landscapes are the unauthorized extraction of gemstones, in particular, amber. Problem statement. For Ukraine, this issue has become particularly acute as the environmental consequences of illegal mining are quite disastrous as far as the disturbed biotopes cannot be restored to their original state in a natural way without human intervention, thus they need to be recultivated. Analysis of recent studies and publications. The researches that cover the agenda include the issues of monitoring and determination of locations of lands disturbed due to illegal amber mining as well as the use and classification of lands disturbed as a result of mining industry’s activities. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The introduction of an economic and legal mechanism for compensating by the violator for damage caused by illegal amber mining and the failure to carry out land reclamation after the completion of mining operations will ensure more effective protection of the interests of the state and territorial communities as well as the rights of owners and exploiters of land plots, and will have a positive impact on reducing breaches of law in the area of land utilization. Objective of the research. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact on the environmental condition of the Rivne oblast as well as economic assessment of the extent of damage caused by illegal gemstones mining. Statement of basic materials. Obvious signs of negative anthropogenic impact related to unauthorized use of subsurface resources have been established, namely: the unauthorized removal of the fertile soil layer, excitation of the entire structure of the soil cover, hydrological regime, geological structure of the subsoil area, destroyed vegetation. At the same time, disturbance of land, both for forest and agricultural purposes of various forms of ownership. Following the researches, the extent of damage and compensation to the state resulting from the illegal mining of gemstones was determined. Conclusions under the article. On the territory of the Ukrainian Polissa the technogenic sand massifs and badlands are being intensively formed, which area is constantly increasing. The spread of such formations on the lands of forestry and agricultural purposes creates a threatening ecological and economic situation throughout the region.

Medical-geographical and radiological aspects of the system “environment - population health”

The article is devoted to the problems of study of medical and ecological risks of the territory taking into account the state of the environment. At present, the study of health and environmental risks inUkraineand its regions is relevant today, given the current demographic situation and the dynamics of morbidity among the population. In connection with this, geographic studies of the medical and environmental risks of the territory acquire special significance. The research uses general scientific methods, among them traditional (synthesis, analysis, comparisons, methods of induction, deduction, observation, abstraction, generalization) and modern (system analysis and synthesis). The most commonly used and universal is the systematic method, since medical and geographical research is inherently complex. In determining the medical-ecological risk of the territory among a complex of natural indicators and anthropogenic factors of environmental impact, we included a specific violation of the quality of the environment in the north of the Rivne Oblast after theChernobyldisaster. The results of the study suggest a high correlation between soil contamination by radionuclides of territories (especially the northern ones) in the Eastern part of the Southwest region ofUkraineand the incidence of endocrine diseases in the regions concerned. The theoretical value of the obtained results is to deepen theoretical knowledge about the existing interconnections in the system “environment - health of the population”. The practical value of the results of the study is to apply the method of express assessment of the medical and geographical condition of the territory for the development of plans for the development of the region in accordance with the minimization of health and environmental risks for the population.

Просторово-часовий розподіл пожеж у природних ландшафтах Рівненської області

Аналіз історичної динаміки пожеж та встановлення їх просторово-часових особливостей є основою для розроблення плану управління пожежами та стратегічного розміщення протипожежних сил і засобів на місцевості, а також здійснення попереджувальних заходів. Використовуючи дані дистанційного зондування Землі, отримано основні показники горючості природних територій Рівненської області за період з 2001 по 2018 рр. та виконано їх аналіз. Щорічно на території області відбувається в середньому 190 випадків пожеж на загальній площі 12,6 тис. га. Усереднені дані свідчать про тенденцію до зростання показників горючості території, зокрема середньорічна площа пожеж за період з 2001 по 2018 рр. зросла від 7,4 до 17,8 тис. га. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що найбільше пожеж стається у березні-квітні (29,6 %), серпні (32,2 %) та вересні (19,9 %), що повинно бути основою для максимальної готовності протипожежних служб у ці періоди. Виконано аналіз погодно-кліматичних показників за багаторічний період та досліджено їх зв'язок з основними показникам горючості. Зроблено висновки щодо проблеми пожеж у природних ландшафтах Рівненської області. Наведено недоліки наявної системи моніторингу пожеж як важливої складової системи охорони природних територій від пожеж.

Ідентифікація ролі малого підприємництва у виробництві агропродовольчої продукції регіону Полісся

The purpose. To determine role of small business in production of agricultural products of Polissia on an instance of personal farms (Volynsk, Zhytomyr, Rivne and Chernihiv oblasts). Methods. Economic-statistical, analysis and synthesis, monographic, inductions and deductions, graphical and comparisons. Results. Role of farmer and individual facilities in production of principal products of agricultural produce is shown. In dynamics they analyze production of separate sorts of agricultural products of the region on various classes of facilities. Potential and economic aspects of their activity are probed. Factors constraining the further development of farmer and personal peasant farms are specified, and measures which should be accepted for building favorable conditions of effective operation of enterprise frameworks in agrarian sector, heightening level of competitive strength of products, provision of social stability and equilibrium in the market are offered. Conclusions. Cooperation of small agricultural commodity producers, including farms and personal peasant farms, will promote their transformation in commodity farms and to deriving additional incomes of participation in integration, will reinforce their competitive strength. It also will resist to speculative intermediary, will realize quality control and certifications of products, joint realization of products, attraction of innovative techniques, etc.

ANALYSIS OF POPULATION SIZE AND COMPOSITION IN AREAS WITH THE MOST INTENSIVE RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION IN UKRAINE AT DIFFERENT TIMES.

To identify the existing demographic problems basing on the data of All-Ukrainian Population Census for 2011 and as at 01.01.2017 related to the population size and composition in the areas most radiologically contam- inated due to Chornobyl NPP accident.Study object. Population of the most intensively contaminated areas of Ukraine (areas of radiological contamina- tion - ARC), i. e. Narodychi, Ovruch and Olevsk regions of Zhytomyr oblast, Ivankiv and Poliske regions of Kyiv oblast, Rokytne and Sarny regions of Rivne oblast, Kozelets and Ripky regions of Chernihiv oblast. Entire population of Ukraine was the control. The State statistical services of Ukraine and their regional offices related to the distribu- tion of permanent population by gender and age as at 01.01.2017, as well as data of All-Ukrainian Population Census for 2011, were the information base of the study. Demographic, mathematical and statistical, graphical and techno- logical software methods and tools were applied. There are significant differences in size and composition of the population of the ARC of Ukraine. Gender and age structure of the population living in the ARC, similar to that living in Ukraine in general, changes over time. The whole shape of demographic pyramid of Ukraine indicates that the share of over-60 age group in the popula- tion increased in 2017, whereas the population of the same age living in the ARC is rapidly disappearing. Also there is a significant regional variation of ageing levels of the population living in the radiologically contaminated areas. The analysis of pyramid slopes indicates that both in 2001 and in 2017 the most rapid change of pop- ulation size occurred in Rokytne and Sarny regions of Rivne oblast.

IMPACT OF THE RIVNE NPP ACTIVITY ON NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CONTROL AREA.

To assess an impact of the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) activity on the control area (CA) environ- ment according to environmental and radiation monitoring data over time of 2011-2017 as a component of the radiation safety system. Review of geographical and natural features of the territory of the «Rivne NPP» manufac- turing facility was carried out to assess its CA environment. Assessment of environmental and radiation situation of the CA was carried out according to the data of RNPP monitoring systems and a number of state institutions of Rivne oblast over time of 2011-2017. Opinion of the CA population about the RNPP environmental impact was studied. The sampled population of respondents was calculated based on the total population living in CA. The sampling error no more that 7.0%. Data from sociological survey of population were calculated using the statistical programs. The radiation impact of RNPP on environment is related to emissions and discharges of radioactive sub- stances generated in the production cycle. Over time the total index of radionuclide discharge to the Styr River since 2011 is of a marked downward trend from 2.11 % to 0.18 %. The maximum concentrations of 60Co and 137Cs radionuclides at the three sampling points along the Styr River over time of 2011-2016 were about one thousandth of a percent, and of 131I - one hundredth of a permissible value according to the Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine (RSSU). Emissions of inert radioactive gases and long-lived nuclides into the atmosphere were less than 0.2 % and iodine emissions were 0.01 % to the emission limit. Average radionuclide concentrations in the natural air of the RNPP CA settlements did not exceed the admissible concentration limit (ACL). Concentrations of chem- ical pollutants in discharges of the RNPP to the Styr River over time of 2012-2017 did not exceed the ACL. Integral wastewaters of municipal enterprises of the CA and RNPP result in an increased index of biochemical oxygen uti- lization and ammonium salt content in the Styr River, exceeding the ACL in fishery reservoir water. No exceedance of ACL of repugnant substances in the open air of settlements was observed regarding the pollutants under study. According to population survey the radiation contamination of territories as a result of the ChNPP accident and RNPP activities, which cause anxiety, are the key factors determining an environmental situation at the place of residence. The correlation coefficients between anxiety index and public estimates of environmental situation are established. Content of radionuclides in emissions and discharges generated in the RNPP production cycle under everyday conditions does not exceed the allowed RSSU-97 values. The combined discharges of collective enterpri- ses and RNPP are the main sources of chemical pollution of surface waters in CA. There is a higher correlation coef- ficient between the anxiety and somatization rates and environmental sphere parameter in rural population com- pared to urban one. The combined effect of environmental, radiation and psychological factors on the RNPP CA population makes the health studies necessary in the latter.

Модель ефективності використання економічного механізму земель сільськогосподарського призначення

Проаналізовано сучасний стан використання земель сільськогосподарського призначення. Систематизовано чинники збалансованого використання земель сільськогосподарського призначення. Побудовано прогнозну багатофакторну модель, яка свідчить про те, що інвестиції поступово зростатимуть, а внесення органічних добрив, на основі врахування існуючих тенденцій, поступово будуть знижуватись і в 2018 р. буде їх припинено, оскільки це свідчить про зростання деградації ґрунту. Зауважено, що оренда земель також поступово зменшуватиметься і становитиме у 2022 р. 140,23 тис. га.

INDUSTRY OF RIVNE REGION: CURRENT STATE AND STRATEGIC TARGETS OF DEVELOPMENT

Topicality. Increasing attention to the development of industry and industrial policy is one of the main tendencies in the development of the modern world global economy. Wide recognition of the important role of industry in solving current problems has been reflected in new challenges for rapid development of the domestic industry. It is a generator of scientific and technological progress and innovation and an important factor in the competitiveness of national economies and it serves as a driver for economic growth. Purpose and tasks. The purpose of the article is to identify the situation, problems and prospects of industry development in the Rivne region. Results. It is established the leading role in the economy of Rivne Oblast is famous for industry and agriculture. It was revealed the leading industries of the Rivne region including production and supply of electricity and gas; Chemical Industry; manufacture of building materials and glassware; Food Industry; manufacture of wood products; engineering. The results of the research on the development of industry in the Rivne region, problems and tasks of its development, SWOT-analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of industry in the Rivne region, opportunities and threats of its development are presented. The primary directions of industry development in the Rivne region have been formed. In particular, modernization of production; introduction of energy-saving technologies; promotion of production of industrial products, competitive in the domestic and foreign markets; an increase in the total volume of foreign direct investment attracted to the regional economy; establishing cooperation with international companies; regulation of the legislative framework on consumer rights protection, advertising, unfair competition, registration of patents and inventions, registration and protection of trademark rights for goods and services.Conclusions. The following problems of the regional industry must be considered and urgently addressed: moral and physical depreciation of fixed assets, high dependence on world market conditions, high energy intensity of production, production of products with low added value, etc. Instead, key drivers need to become its competitive advantages as a strong raw material base, advantageous geographic position, close proximity to the EU markets, a relatively low share of labor costs in the structure of the cost of industrial products, and a significant unrealized potential of domestic demand for industrial products.

''Used and Thrown Away''… to Western Ukraine: the executors of the Great Terror as the Sovietisers of the Rivne oblast (1931-1941)

''Used and Thrown Away''… to Western Ukraine: the executors of the Great Terror as the Sovietisers of the Rivne oblast (1931-1941)

Exergy analysis of the operation of a solar dryer

The study considers the exergy analysis of rational ways to use and store thermal energy in a solar dryer in order to increase the exergy efficiency of the technological process of fruit drying at individual farms. We analyzed the application of solar energy for the technological process of fruit drying in individual farms based on an exergy analysis of a solar dryer operation. We carried out full-time tests of a solar dryer at the latitude of the location of Rivne oblast (Ukraine), which has an average annual solar power of 3.41 kW·h/m 2 per day. Therefore, this makes it possible to obtain from 74.8 to 123.1 MJ of solar energy per day from 1 m 2 of an air collector area. We improved the procedure of an exergy analysis of operation of a solar dryer, which is based on the simplified mechanism of calculation of an exergy balance of a plant depending on physical parameters of the environment relative specific territory of a farm. The performed complex of calculation-quantitative studies confirmed the possibility of significant intensification of fruit drying process in a solar dryer. We established that heat losses during fruit drying in a solar dryer make up 3...3.7 MJ/kg, and the degree of intensification increases by 3.3...12 times. The exergy efficiency of a solar dryer without the use of a thermal battery is 87.6 %; with it – 89.8 % with the use of a thermal battery. The exergy efficiency of a solar dryer increases by 1.02 times. We achieved such results by using a flat mirror concentrator and a thermal battery in a solar dryer. An applied aspect of using the results obtained is the possibility to increase the energy efficiency of fruit drying process based on exergy express-analysis of the efficiency of a solar dryer. It will reduce the cost of energy resources by using solar energy. It creates a prerequisite for the transfer of technological solutions for justification of exergy balances for various characteristics of fruit drying process in a solar dryer.

Influence of river water quality on homeostasis characteristics of cypriniform and perciform fish

Within an integrated ecosystem approach, it is preferable to evaluate the effects of pollution of surface waters through research on the organisms of fish. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of a set of water quality indicators on the homeostasis of fish, in order to determine the response of a hydro-ecosystem to the impact of human activity. Fish samples were obtained from control catches in 16 control sites located in the rivers of Rivne Oblast which differ in intensity of anthropogenic load. The researchers observed that increased concentrations of phosphates and suspended substances, heavy metals, iron, fluorides and nitrogen compounds have violated the environmental state of the examined hydro-ecosystems. Parameters of the morphological homeostasis were assessed by the levels of the fluctuating asymmetry of the meristic signs of fish.The scientists recorded significant impairments (within IV points of body stability) in case of roach and bleak in the majority of the control sites. We carried out the analysis of cytogenetic parameters of fish homeostasis using a micronuclear test of blood erythrocytes.The investigation revealed a significant excess of spontaneous mutagenesis (1.1–1.7 times) in such species as roach, bleak and perch, and this is certainly a clear indicator of unfavourable ecological conditions of the water environment in seven areas of hydro-ecosystems. Given the results of the analysis, the authors found that different ecological groups of fish have their own complex and multifactorial processes of morphological and cytogenetic homeostasis formation. Furthermore, the regression dependences set out in the paper indicated the decisive impact of the oxygen regime of the water environment (COD, BOD5, О2), pollutants (Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+), and substances of biogenic group (NH4+, NO2–, PO4‑) upon fish homeostasis. differences in scope of homeostasis characteristics of different fish species were complemented by the differences in the composition of the regression equations. In particular, in case of species that had signs of homeostasis violation, the equation consisted of a greater number of members. The dependences for morphological and cytogenetic homeostasis of bleak and roach appeared to multifactorial. This finding suggests that these species are sensitive local indicators of the water environment both at early and late stages of ontogeny . Finally, as an outcome of the research we obtained prognostic forms of the relationship between water quality indicators and fish homeostasis that may form the basis of an environmental assessment method in which fish characteristics are used to assess the health of hydro-ecosystems.

Results of research into technological process of fruit drying in the solar dryer

The work addresses the issue of solving a scientific-applied task on the substantiation of operation modes of the solar fruit dryer in order to improve energy efficiency of the technological process of fruit drying for small amounts of fruit processed at private farms. We have explored the use of solar energy for fruit drying at the latitude of the location of Rivne oblast, Ukraine, which has the average annual solar radiation power of the order of 3.41 kW∙h/m 2 per daylight. This makes it possible to receive from 1.5 to 2.3 kW∙h of energy per day from the air collector area of 1 m 2 . The series of analytical and experimental studies that we conducted has confirmed the possibility for a significant intensification of the process of fruit drying in the solar dryer. Compared with modern convective drying devices, the specific energy consumption when drying the fruit in the solar dryer is reduced by 3…3.7 MJ/kg. The degree of intensification grows by 3.3…12 times compared to drying devices of the mine and tunnel types. Such results were achieved by implementing the proposed design of a flat mirror concentrator, to enhance the slanting fluxes of morning and evening sun irradiation, and a heat accumulator, based on pebbles, for accumulating at night the excessive heat from the reserve source of energy. It was established that regardless of a blanching technique for fruit raw materials, the duration of drying in the solar dryer varies depending on physical parameters of the environment. In the process of drying, the experiments were carried out at a temperature of 289.15…333.15 K, and the duration of drying was from 50 to 74 hours. We have analyzed the effect of operational parameters on a change in the chemical indicators and quality of the dried fruit. Specifically, the content of vitamin C, which was 5.2 mg/% for pear, and 4.3 mg/% for apple. The acidity was 0.29 % for pear, and 0.46 % for apple. The content of dry nutrients was 87.5 % for pear, and 85.9 % for apple. The sugar content of fruit raw materials was 59.36 % for pear, and 57.8 % for apple.

Моніторинг за станом водозабезпечення міського населення Рівненської області за 1999 -2015 роки

Моніторинг за станом водозабезпечення міського населення Рівненської області за 1999 -2015 роки

A simulation study of surface water purifying through a polystyrene foam filter

The study has improved the mathematical model of water purification in view of the physicochemical properties of surface water, the type of filter loading, and the filtration characteristics of filtering structures. The advanced mathematical model takes into account the inverse influence of the process characteristics on the filtration parameters, changes in the diameters of the loaded grains throughout the height, the direction of filtering, and the turbidity of water at the inlet. The authors performed a comparative analysis of the work of filters with homogeneous and non-uniform loading for water filtration in different directions and carried out statistical processing of the results of the study with the establishment of the adequacy and the possibility of its use for a mathematical description of water treatment processes. Physicochemical properties of surface water entering filtration structures are taken into account in the model in the form of kinetic coefficients. The kinetic coefficients, which characterize the intensity of contaminants’ separation from and adhesion to the loaded grains, were obtained using the dimension theory method and were deduced for floating densities. It has been determined that the optimum loading height is 1.0 m for the ascending and descending filtration directions, where the output water quality is of the normative values. The improved mathematical model can help select the optimal design (the loading height and area, the granulometric composition, etc.) and the technological parameters (velocity and direction of filtration, degree of vaporization of incoming water) of polystyrene foam filters; it allows producing simulation of filters’ work in different conditions. A simulation of the work of polystyrene foam filters with different parameters of operation was carried out, which made it possible to specify optimal structural and technological parameters of the polystyrene foam filters for purifying water of the Horyn River (Rivne Oblast, Ukraine), the composition of which is typical for most plain rivers in Ukraine

APPLIED PROJECT APPROACH IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY: PRACTICAL ASPECTS

Urgency of the research. Each project calls for a distinct project management style and approach. The senior public management should establish a project approach whereby all or at least the majority of functional activities for national and regional programmes’ implementation is seen as projects. Target setting. The purpose of the research is to study the project approach and the possibility of its use in managing national economic development. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Projects as the cutting edge of economic development are also of increasing interest to researchers. Entire books describe how to manage the projects (e.g., Kassel 2010; Wirick 2009). Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The research objective. We can state that managing sustainable economic development in the 21st century is undergoing dramatic change, especially in advanced economies of the world. This paper argues that public sector reform efforts in Ukraine, particularly those in economic field, need to embrace these changes selectively, in particular with regard to project approach. The statement of basic materials In general the application of the project approach allowed Rivne Oblast to attract PLN 1,009.807 thou or, considering the exchange rate provided by Bank Narodowy Polski as of January 1st, 2010, EUR 233.357 thou in years 2007-2009. All of the mentioned projects are identified as examples of good practices; all covered very different fields, with a variety of communities, geographical differences and community development issues. Conclusions. Senior public management should establish a project approach whereby all or at least the majority of functional activities for national and regional programmes’ implementation is seen as projects. The authors also offer the guidelines to implement this approach with the use of fivedimensional project management and substantiate the feasibility of the approach use via the comparison of the trends observed in the funds attracted to the regional economy of Rivne Oblast (Ukraine) through projects and foreign direct investment.