Abstract
The study has improved the mathematical model of water purification in view of the physicochemical properties of surface water, the type of filter loading, and the filtration characteristics of filtering structures. The advanced mathematical model takes into account the inverse influence of the process characteristics on the filtration parameters, changes in the diameters of the loaded grains throughout the height, the direction of filtering, and the turbidity of water at the inlet. The authors performed a comparative analysis of the work of filters with homogeneous and non-uniform loading for water filtration in different directions and carried out statistical processing of the results of the study with the establishment of the adequacy and the possibility of its use for a mathematical description of water treatment processes. Physicochemical properties of surface water entering filtration structures are taken into account in the model in the form of kinetic coefficients. The kinetic coefficients, which characterize the intensity of contaminants’ separation from and adhesion to the loaded grains, were obtained using the dimension theory method and were deduced for floating densities. It has been determined that the optimum loading height is 1.0 m for the ascending and descending filtration directions, where the output water quality is of the normative values. The improved mathematical model can help select the optimal design (the loading height and area, the granulometric composition, etc.) and the technological parameters (velocity and direction of filtration, degree of vaporization of incoming water) of polystyrene foam filters; it allows producing simulation of filters’ work in different conditions. A simulation of the work of polystyrene foam filters with different parameters of operation was carried out, which made it possible to specify optimal structural and technological parameters of the polystyrene foam filters for purifying water of the Horyn River (Rivne Oblast, Ukraine), the composition of which is typical for most plain rivers in Ukraine
Highlights
The process of sustainable development of society is impossible without providing people with drinking water of appropriate quality
Filters with expanded polystyrene loading, which were first proposed to be used for water purification at the Department of Water Supply and Drilling, Ukrainian Institute of Water Economy Engineers ( National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use), are widely employed worldwide [4, 12, 13]
The surface water purification process through a polystyrene foam filter was carried out using a mathematical model represented by equations (9)–(15)
Summary
The process of sustainable development of society is impossible without providing people with drinking water of appropriate quality. Surface water often contains suspended substances, characterized by significantly specific color and having a particular smell and taste. Such impurities worsen the physicochemical parameters of water, so they should be eliminated before transporting water through the water supply network. In order to reduce the cost of constructing and operating surface water purification stations, it is necessary to establish correctly the design and technological parameters of the filtering structures. This problem can be solved using mathematical modeling
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