Portion Of River Research Articles

Actual tasks of the development of river container transportation

The article is devoted to proposals within the framework of strategic objectives for the development of multimodality in river cargo transportation. The introduction describes the current state of river port infrastructure, assesses its readiness for containerization and provides statistics on such transportation. The materials and methods formulate strategic objectives for solving the problems of effective functioning of river transport in modern conditions. The results show the technology for reloading container cargo with portal cranes. results of calculating the travel time of container cargo along the route St. Petersburg - Kazan, taking into account transshipment by water and rail transport. The authors included scientific and practical recommendations for the discussion on the formation of a container line and the composition of ports on it. In conclusion, it was concluded that container transportation has prospects for development on river highways, which will contribute to both achieving the strategic goal of developing multimodality in transport and logistics schemes involving inland water transport, and can also lead to an increase in cargo traffic, improving the quality of transport services for clients and increasing competitiveness of river highways, which is especially important in the current conditions of the breakdown of traditional logistics connections.

Geographical trace of the Yenisei Expedition of 1905: historical and modern significance

The little-known Yenisei Expedition of 1905 led by I.S. Sergeyev, K.V. Ivanov, and I.I. Islyamov is examined and described. Based on the study of archival documents, the preparation of the expedition in the highest state institutions of the Russian Empire and the specific circumstances of its journey from European seaports to the Russian river port in Yeniseisk are demonstrated. The significance of the expedition is analyzed in connection with its contemporary realities. An assessment of the importance of the waterway along the Yenisei River is also provided, which connects not only the South and North but also the West and East of Russia. The special role of certain participants, particularly I.I. Islyamov, who played a notable role in the geographical exploration of Russia but remained little-known to the general public and even many specialists, is emphasized.

Physicochemical and Fungal Analysis of a Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil at Amadi-Ama Creek of Bonny River Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Numerous hydrocarbon-utilizing fungal species have been implicated with the ability to utilize/degrade hydrocarbon as carbon source, which indicate their potential for environmental cleanup in hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. In this study, five (5) indigenous fungal species were isolated from a petroleum-hydrocarbon polluted soil at Amadi-ama Creek, Bonny river shoreline, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. These fungal species may have high potential to biodegrade petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. Samples were collected randomly from the hydrocarbon impacted soil at Amadi-ama Creek, Bonny river shoreline. Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Czapek Agar were used as growth media. Samples were examined to assess the physical and chemical characteristics such as conductivity, pH, temperature, nitrate, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, phosphate, sulphate, total hydrocarbon content, total petroleum hydrocarbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. These parameters are known to influence the occurrence, diversity and distribution of microorganisms in an ecological niche. Soil pH showed to be acidic (6.21), result also showed that Total hydrocarbon content, Total petroleum hydrocarbon and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon values were at 306.55mg/kg, 112.134mg/kg, 44.227mg/kg respectively establishing the incidence of hydrocarbon pollution. Electrical conductivity and Temperature were at 1250 Us/cm, and 29.580C respectively while Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphate, Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Chromium values were at 1.228mg/kg, 0.751mg/kg, 20.214mg/kg, 18.431mg/kg, 0.113mg/kg, 0.121mg/kg, and 0.042mg/kg respectively. Monitoring of the soil quality established the incidence of hydrocarbon pollution as well the incidence of anthropogenic influence on the soil putting into cognizance human activities at the shoreline. Morphological identification of obtained fungal species led to their assignment into four (4) genera and five (5) species; Aspergillus niger (28%), Aspergillus flavus (22%), Cladosporium herbarum (20%), Penicillium notatum (17%), Fusarium spp (11%). The predominance of Aspergillus isolates (28% and 22%) in this study could be a pointer to their potential to utilize hydrocarbon as their sole source of nutrient. The isolation of these indigenous fungal species could serve as a baseline study on which further analysis such as hydrocarbon degradation screening test could determine their individual hydrocarbon degradation potentials and subsequent consideration as hydrocarbon degrading microbes in subsequent bioremediation study.

Examining the influence mechanisms of gateway ports on inland ports in the context of Port regionalization - A case study of the Yangtze River Port system

This study examines the influence of gateway seaports on inland ports within a river port system, focusing on the Yangtze River port system as a case study. The research initially employs a fixed-effects panel model to confirm the overall positive impact of Shanghai Port on Yangtze River inland ports. Subsequently, using Panel data model with individual-specific slopes, this study reveal that Shanghai Port positively affects each inland port, but the magnitude of this impact varies significantly. The research further employs a panel threshold regression model to dissect the mechanisms through which Shanghai Port influences inland ports in terms of geographical, operational, and economic distances. In terms of geographical distance, the influence of Shanghai Port on the throughput of Yangtze inland ports diminishes as the navigational distance increases. Notably, inland ports located downstream on the Yangtze River are the first and most impacted, marking the downstream area as an early influencer in the port regionalization process. As to operational distance, Shanghai Port exerts a stronger influence on inland ports with higher throughput levels, as opposed to those with lower throughput. With respect to economic distance, inland ports in cities with higher economic development are found to be less influenced by Shanghai Port compared to those in less economically developed regions. This nuanced understanding provides invaluable insights into the interconnectedness of major gateway ports and their inland counterparts.

Islands in the City: Negotiating the Location of British Concessions along the Yangtze River in 1861 China

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Britain signed treaties to secure the right to establish concessions along the Yangtze River in China. Despite extensive scholarly analysis of the history of British concessions, one aspect that is often overlooked is that these treaties did not specify the locations for these concessions. As a result, the British had to negotiate with local Chinese officials to acquire suitable sites. This essay aims to delve into the history of Sino-British relations and the spatial dynamics of occupation by examining the interactions between the British and Chinese in determining concession sites within Yangtze River port cities – specifically Zhenjiang, Hankou, and Jiujiang. It reveals that, following the Second Opium War, British arrivals and Chinese authorities established an implicit understanding. Despite diverse strategies employed by Chinese authorities in managing foreign affairs – ranging from appeasement to radical measures – the British consistently pursued potential advantages and preferred negotiation to maximize their respective interests. Consequently, these concessions were located in less desirable positions along the Yangtze River, surrounded by waterways. This strategic placement facilitated British cargo landings while enabling the Chinese to retain control over foreign arrivals, effectively transforming them into metaphorical islands within these cities.

The development of Danube Ports amid war and post-war recovery of the Ukraine

Purpose: assessment of the development of Danube Ports amid war and post-war recovery of the Ukraine as part of the security system for Ukraine, Europe, and the world as a whole. Меthods. In the research general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping) and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes have been used. The object of the study is the Danube river ports. Results. The conducted analysis showed that in the conditions of war and the blockade of the ports of Greater Odessa, export transportation through the Ukrainian Danube ports of Reni, Izmail, and Ust-Danube has been activated. This was also facilitated by the dredging works in the Bystre estuary, which allowed its transport capabilities to be used for the passage of vessels with a draft of up to 6.5 meters, and not only the Romanian Sulina canal. The analysis showed that, in addition to positive results for Ukrainian ports, there was also an increase in cargo handling volumes in Romanian ports, for example, the Sulina port has shown an increase in cargo movement volumes in recent years. Overall, if we compare the growth rates in the direction of Danube-Black Sea and in the opposite direction, the preference is given to the Danube-sea direction. Regarding transportation through the Danube-Black Sea canal, recent years have also seen an increase in cargo transportation volumes, but this is mainly due to international transportation. Domestic transportation does not show similar dynamics. The Constanta port has also been increasing cargo handling volumes in recent years due to sea transportation, but river transportation is also growing, although not as significantly. Unlike the mentioned ports, the Romanian port of Galati has been decreasing cargo handling volumes since 2021. The reason for this is that, among the two routes considered - the Danube and the Danube-Black Sea to the Constanta port, preference is given to the latter. Conclusions. The conducted research has shown that the further expansion of navigation along the Danube using the routes Ukraine - Galati, Ukraine - Regensburg, and Ukraine-Constanta (via the Danube) will ensure the effectiveness of the mentioned ports and create additional conditions for the development of transport logistics in the Danube region as part of the security system for Ukraine, Europe, and the world as a whole. An additional advantage of such decisions is their environmental orientation, since among all types of transport, water transport is the most environmentally friendly.

THE MAIN FEATURES OF ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC REGION

The main features of ensuring the competitiveness of territorial communities of the Black Sea Economic Region are considered in the article. The institutional framework for the development of territorial communities in the context of the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine on the basis of decentralization is character- ized. The signs of competitiveness of united territorial communities at the vertical and hori- zontal levels are outlined. It is determined that the vertical competitiveness at the regional lev- el is determined by the ability to effectively use its own potential and resources, to be in the forefront of the socio-economic development of the region, while at the national level – to suc- cessfully compete with other communities in a particular type of activity. The horizontal di- mension of competitiveness implies the ability of a community to use its own socio-economic opportunities with minimal involvement of external resources by reducing energy costs, im- proving the quality of housing and communal services, creating new jobs, supporting small and medium-sized businesses, training and engaging third-party specialists, and efficient use of land and natural resources. The signs of competitiveness of communities in the Black Sea Economic Region by vertical and horizontal criteria are analyzed in the article. Examples of successful implementation by territorial communities of measures to increase their competi- tiveness by optimizing the use of available internal resources are provided. The main problems and obstacles to ensuring the competitiveness of the territorial communities of the studied re- gion in the context of a full-scale war are outlined. The main ones are: damage to the industri- al and social infrastructure of the region, due to the occupation and active hostilities, regular attacks on sea and river ports, mining of the Black Sea, export blockade, destruction of rec- reational potential, as well as the environmental disaster caused by the explosion of the Kak- hovka hydroelectric power plant, etc. The key measures aimed at increasing the competitive- ness of the territorial communities of the studied district are proposed, in particular: improving the human resources potential in the system of management of the development of territori- al communities; promoting the development of competitive positions of the real sector of the district’s economy; carrying out systematic work to create new jobs; aiming entrepreneurs to create industries with higher added value; introducing modern energy-saving technologies, ra- tional use of natural resources, etc.

Intermodal Transportation Challenges in Eastern Europe: Case Study of Romania

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze data from the Romanian intermodal transportation sector and provide an overview of its main terminals (sea, river, road and rail) and the operational challenges faced by its most important logistics service providers. Intermodal transportation (by rail) is encouraged at EU level as a sustainable alternative to current predominant truck haulage. Most research articles outline issues with connectivity, terminal handling infrastructure and cost efficiency as factors hindering large scale adoption. Other authors tend to emphasize the more reliable delivery schedules, reduced road congestion and emissions as drivers of cost competitiveness on medium term. Relevant cargo volume traffic (tons, TEU and ITU) is analyzed at Romania’s main intermodal hubs in the last 10 years (2014-2023) using quantitative and qualitative data to provide a comprehensive overview of its overall competitiveness in this sector. Most Eastern European countries are faced with the same challenge in terms of intermodal transportation: the shortcomings of their supporting network due to insufficient public investment, highlighted by the results from Romania (case study method). Main results show Constanta Port had record cargo traffic in 2023, but its throughput is hindered by constant congestion issues, similar to the highly competitive road sector where intense truck traffic creates bottlenecks on the major roads leading to Western Europe. Cargo is also shipped via the Danube and freight trains, but to a limited extent due to low average speeds and inconsistent reliability along most sectors. The paper highlights the importance of a country’s strategic hubs and their connectivity (sea and/or river ports, main railway lines and road sectors) as a source of future growth and development perspectives, for terminal operators as well as neighboring regions (EU and EEA) through increased business activity.

ANALYSE DES ACCIDENTS DU TRAVAIL ET MALADIES PROFESSIONNELLES AU PORT FLUVIAL DE LA SCPT A KINSHASA

Businesses are challenged by the negative consequences on their operations and productivity due to workplace accidents and occupational illnesses. In this study, we examine the industrial ecosystem called SCPT river port, which happens to be in the city of Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study concerns the occupational accidents and illnesses encountered there in 2020. We carried out the research by directly observing, examining the company's literature, reports and written documents, as well as by discussing with employees. We used the data collection form in the KoBo Collect Toolbox application. The data was collected live on a tablet. The recording, processing and study of the information collected was carried out using EpiData 3.0 software to encode and enter the information. Using Excel 2016 and SPSS 22, it was possible to perform flat sorting, cross sorting and data analysis. The results obtained show the presence of illnesses: 47 cases of occupational illnesses and more than 60 cases of occupational accidents in the industrial ecosystem.

Integrative Dry Port Concept: A Chance for the Balkans

Dry ports can be in the hinterland of sea ports as well as river ports. In addition, they can provide the services of classic logistics centers. Combining these three roles leads to a kind of integration not only of functions, but also of transport modes, parts and participants of the intermodal network, also to synergistic effects of the joint action of the parties involved. Therefore, this extension of the dry port concept can be called an integrative dry port. This very concept can be one of the chances for overcoming some of the environmental, economic, and social challenges of the logistics and economy of the Balkan Peninsula, bearing in mind its specific position in the context of geography and the global logistics network. The main contribution of this paper is the description of the new concept of the integrative dry port and the consideration of its applicability in the Balkans.

Development Model in HT Port Area Industry of Xiaoqinghe Navigation Resumption Project

Studying the operation and development mode of Lingang Industrial Park, analyzing and planning the spatial layout of Lingang Industrial Park, will have important guiding significance for promoting the development of regional Lingang Industrial Park. An in-depth analysis of the development model and spatial layout of the HT Port Area Lingang Industrial Park in the Xiaoqinghe Navigation Restoration Project is beneficial for improving the overall operational efficiency of the HT Lingang Industrial Park, optimizing the industrial structure, and accelerating the pace of economic development in Zibo City. This article first explores the current development status of the HT port industry in the Xiaoqinghe Navigation Resumption Project based on relevant concepts and basic theoretical research. Secondly, taking Shanghai, Tianjin, Japan, and Rotterdam as typical cases, it analyzes the four existing operating models of the inland river port industrial park, providing reference for the industrial layout of the HT port area in the Xiaoqinghe Navigation Resumption Project. Finally, suggestions and strategies for the future development of HT Lingang Industrial Park are proposed.

Statistical analysis and water quality modeling towards holistic health assessment of Himalayan and peninsular rivers of India

Water occurs naturally in a variety of forms. Liquid water is present in rivers, lakes, the ground, the sea, and precipitation. The primary objective of water quality monitoring is to ascertain whether the water quality being observed is appropriate for its designated purposes. An investigation was undertaken to assess the concentration levels of various water quality parameters, including total hardness, electric conductivity, temperature, Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, SO4, and HCO3. The research assessed the physicochemical parameters of ten (10) rivers, including the following: Brahmaputra (Arunachal Pradesh); Barak (Assam); Godavari (Maharastra); Brahmani (Odisha); Sabarmati (Gujarat); Tapi (Gujarat); Mahi (Gujarat); and Ganga (Uttar Pradesh). Water samples were obtained from the aforementioned rivers spanning the years 2013 to 2020. Descriptive Analysis, one-way ANOVA, Covariance, and Correlation were utilized to examine the impact of the rate of change on the interrelationships among the parameters. At the current level, the Narmada River cannot meet the daily demands that arise during and after the monsoon. The primary sources of pollution were inputs from households, businesses, and agriculture. The Gang River portions have been poisoned by sewerages, untreated industrial discharges, and chemical surges from agricultural fields. The basin is still being impacted by a number of anthropogenic pressures associated with an expanding human population, such as changes in land use, elevated water pollution, increased water demand, river channelization, and the Brahmanputra River's regulating flow. Anthropogenic heavy metals Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni have not been shown to exhibit seasonal changes; however, geogenic heavy metals Mn, Fe, Mg, and Ca have been recorded to undergo seasonal oscillations in the Barak River and Still. The alkaline impacts of the Godavari water sample on the river are shown by the physical-chemical analysis of the samples. The amount of dissolved oxygen has decreased at various sites when pollutants are added to the water. A rise in BOD and turbidity levels is a result of the introduction of contaminants at different sites. The tests of TDS and F-coli showed an increase in value because of the sewage and burial procedures. Reduced flows below the dam and sudden increases resulted in a significant loss of organisms due to water discharge for hydropower generation. The Krishna River lost several of its characteristic characteristics as a result of dams being built both upstream and downstream. The Brahmani River's summertime dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are found to vary from 6.16 to 7.81 mg/L. The Brahman River's water quality index varied from 36.7 to 44.1, which is considered excellent water quality. Huge public awareness, strong implementing environmental policy decisions are some of the potential solutions to increase the health conditions of the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers of India. India's Himalayan and Peninsular rivers' health is measured via water quality modeling. This study evaluates river health using physiochemical and biological parameters. This study examines Himalayan and Peninsular India's water resource management, environmental preservation, and public health.

Analysis of the organization of sulfur export transportation in mixed river-sea traffic

Sulfur is one of the export cargoes and occupies a significant share in the volume of water transport. The article analyzes the route from a sulfur production plant in the Astrakhan region to the seaport of Kavkaz, which involves motor transport, the specialized river port of Buzan, river fleet, a road transshipment complex in the seaport of Kavkaz, and sea vessels. It has been established that when transporting sulfur by water, mainly self-propelled fleets are used. The elements of the circular voyage of river ships, the technology and performance indicators of the ports were studied, the statistics of the supply of sea vessels to the port of Kavkaz for sulfur transshipment, the productivity of the fleet taking into account the actual duration of the circular voyage were analyzed. An option has been proposed for transporting sulfur on the analyzed route using pushed trains, which will allow, with an optimal ratio of the number of barges and pushers, to reduce energy costs with corresponding fuel savings and the number of crew.

Spatial–Temporal Differentiation and Trend Prediction of Coupling Coordination Degree of Port Environmental Efficiency and Urban Economy: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta

Green development is a primary path for ports and cities to achieve a low-carbon transition under the Sustainable Development Goals and a powerful driving force to elevate regional port–city relations to a high level of coordination. In this paper, twenty port cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were selected and port environmental efficiency (PEE) was calculated through the window SBM model, while the EW-TOPSIS model was used to evaluate high-quality urban economic development (HED). The coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, the kernel density model, GIS spatial analysis, and the grey prediction model were used to further explore the spatial–temporal dynamic evolution and prediction of the CCD between PEE and HED. The results suggested that: (1) PEE fluctuation in the YRD is increasing, with a trend of seaports achieving higher PEE than river ports; (2) HED in the YRD shows upward trends, and the polarization of individual cities is obvious; (3) Temporally, the CCD in the YRD has risen from 0.438 to 0.518. Shanghai consistently maintains intermediate coordination, and Jiangsu has experienced the most significant increase in CCD. Spatially, CCD is led by Lianyungang, Suzhou, Shanghai, and Ningbo-Zhoushan, displaying a decreasing distribution pattern from east to west. The projection for 2026 suggests that all port cities within the YRD will have transitioned to a phase of orderly development. To enhance the coordination level in the YRD, policymakers should consider the YRD as a whole to position the ports functionally and manage them hierarchically, utilize the ports to break down resource boundaries to promote the synergistic division of labor among cities, and then tilt the resources towards Anhui.

Assessment of the meshed screens operability to reduce dust emissions of bulk cargo from the ports open warehouses

Currently, the coal terminals of sea and river ports have a significant negative impact on the environment through their activities. The operation of the terminals technological equipment leads to high concentrations of dust in the air and dust emissions of bulk cargo. The main sources of dust emissions and dust removal are open coal storage warehouses. Recently, dust screens have been used to combat dusting in open coal warehouses and port terminals. However, the processes of wind flows interaction with stacks of port open slads and meshed screens have not been studied enough. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to evaluate in laboratory conditions the operability of meshed screens to reduce the dustiness of the air and the dust emission of bulk cargo during its storage in port open warehouses. During laboratory studies, models of open warehouses stacks are carried out at a certain scale, which allows you to use the full-scale bulk cargo and real meshed screens. The main results of these studies are the following conclusions: meshed screens are workable and effective devices for reducing the speed of wind flow inside the perimeter of the screen; the shape of the stack cross-section does not affect the screen performance; the level of the meshed screen performance to reduce the air dustiness and the amount of dust emission from the warehouses stacks with the different shape of the cross-section depends on the direction and speed of the wind flow. The use of soft meshed screens located along the perimeter of the open coal warehouse stack makes it possible to reduce air dustiness and dust emission at a wind speed of 5 m/s by an average of 1.8 times, and at a wind speed of 10 m/s by an average of 2.5 times.

The Impact of Port Total Factor Productivity on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Port Cities: Evidence from the Yangtze River Ports

This paper investigates the relationship between port productivity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in port cities. The study initially employs the global Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to measure productivity growth in 16 major inland ports along the Yangtze River, obtaining data on the ports’ total factor productivity (TFP). Through an analysis using the panel data model with two-way fixed effects, we find a positive correlation between the improvement of port TFP and the increase in CO2 emissions in port cities. Further panel quantile regression analysis reveals the heterogeneity of this impact, especially in cities with medium and higher CO2 emissions, where the positive effects of TFP on carbon emissions are particularly significant. The study also indicates a threshold effect of port size in the relationship between TFP and CO2 emissions: in smaller ports, the impact of TFP improvement on CO2 emissions is less significant; however, once the port size exceeds a certain threshold, the growth in TFP significantly promotes an increase in CO2 emissions. These findings provide theoretical justification and decision-making references for policymakers to adopt effective measures to mitigate the growth of CO2 emissions while promoting the efficiency of port production.

LiDAR topo‐bathymetry for riverbed elevation assessment: A review of approaches and performance for hydrodynamic modelling of flood plains

AbstractTopo‐bathymetric LiDAR (TBL) can provide a continuous digital elevation model (DEM) for terrestrial and submerged portions of rivers. This very high horizontal spatial resolution and high vertical accuracy data can be promising for flood plain mapping using hydrodynamic models. Despite the increasing number of papers regarding the use of TBL in fluvial environments, its usefulness for flood mapping remains to be demonstrated. This review of real‐world experiments focusses on three research questions related to the relevance of TBL in hydrodynamic modelling for flood mapping at local and regional scales: (i) Is the accuracy of TBL sufficient? (ii) What environmental and technical conditions can optimise the quality of acquisition? (iii) Is it possible to predict which rivers would be good candidates for TBL acquisition? With a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.16 m, results from real‐world experiments confirm that TBL provides the required vertical accuracy for hydrodynamic modelling. Our review highlighted that environmental conditions, such as turbidity, overhanging vegetation or riverbed morphology, may prove to be limiting factors in the signal's capacity to reach the riverbed. A few avenues have been identified for considering whether TBL acquisition would be appropriate for a specific river. Thresholds should be determined using geometric or morphological criteria, such as rivers with steep slopes, steep riverbanks, and rivers too narrow or with complex morphologies, to avoid compromising the quality or the extent of the coverage. Based on this review, it appears that TBL acquisition conditions for hydrodynamic modelling for flood mapping should optimise the signal's ability to reach the riverbed. However, further research is needed to determine the percentage of coverage required for the use of TBL as a source of bathymetry in a hydrodynamic model, and whether specific river sections must be covered to ensure model performance for flood mapping.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА НАПРЯМКИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЛОГІСТИКИ ОЛІЙНИХ КУЛЬТУР УКРАЇНИ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ

Since the middle of 2020, global prices for oilseeds and grain crops have started to rise as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.Russia's unprovoked and unjustified aggression against Ukraine increased prices even more.Due to the war, Ukraine, one of the leading exporters of agricultural products, experienced exports significant decrease, by almost 30 %.At the current stage, the production and export of oil crops is not only the basis for the development of the economy of Ukraine, but also ensures and maintains global food security at an appropriate level. Provided that a full-scale russian invasion continues beyond 2024, the global food crisis will worsen, challenging many countries, especially those that rely on food imports, namely the Middle East and North Africa.Coupled with rising energy costs, developing countries have been pushed to the brink of debt default more and more people are on the brink of starvation.On July 22, 2022, the United Nations, Turkey and Ukraine agreed on the Black Sea Grain Initiative.The agreement allowed the resumption of exports from Ukraine of grain, other food products and fertilizers through a safe maritime humanitarian corridor from three key Ukrainian ports: Chornomorsk, Odesa and Pivdennyi, to the rest of the world.The aim of the paper is to study the problems of the oil crops’ logistics in Ukraine at the current stage and to determine the main directions for its improvement. The paper deals with the dynamics of sunflower production and productivity in Ukraine, analyzes the current state and dynamics of the export of oil crops.Special attention was paid to the import dependence of some countries of the world on Ukrainian oil.The impact of the Black Sea Grain Initiative on global oilseed export logistics is determined. Directions for improving the logistics of oilseed crops in Ukraine through the reorientation of the main export routes to the river ports of the Danube are proposed.Measures have been determined to increase cargo transshipment capacity and increase the draft of ships on certain sections of the Danube route, which will enable Ukrainian exporters of oilseeds to work with a sufficient level of profit.Keywords: export logistics, export of oil crops, Black Sea grain initiative, Danube river ports.

Modernization of the infrastructure of a river station of the north-south transport corridor using the simulation method

The paper presents the main fragments of the simulation model of a river port on the water section of the international transport corridor passing through the territory of the Russian Federation. The necessity of modernization and improvement of the infrastructure has been substantiated, the factors influencing the carrying capacity of the water corridor have been identified. A study of the river station in the city of Cheboksary in Republic of Chuvashia (Russia) was carried out and its main objects were presented. The rules for the interaction of the objects being the basis of the simulation model, have been established. The resulting model allows generating scenarios for predicting changes in the characteristics of a river station, ship schedules, assessing the quality of the implementation of processes and the level of managerial decision-making.

Coastal wetland degradation and ecological problems in the Yellow River Delta during 2005�2021

The Yellow River Delta wetland is one of the rare estuarine wetland ecosystems in the world, and it is also the most complete wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone in China. To understand its ecological problems as a sensitive and fragile new wetland ecosystem, we investigated and analyzed its coastal erosion, changes in wetland types, encroachment of invasive species, changes in the areas of seagrass beds and oyster reefs, ecosystem health status, and low salinity area. The investigation of the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta revealed that from 2005 to 2020, the maximum deposition distance of the Yellow River port beach was about 10 km, and the maximum erosion distance was about 5 km. The siltation rate gradually decreased. From 2016 to 2021, the total area of the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta remained stable. The area change rates of Spartina alterniflora, Phragmites australis, and Tamarix chinensis were 587, 282, and 57 ha/year, respectively, and the annual rate of change in Suaeda salsa was �60 ha/year. From 2015 to 2021, S. alterniflora increased the most sharply in the southern part of the Yellow River Estuary, and this region became the largest area of S. alterniflora in the delta. In recent years, the area of the coastal seagrass beds in the Delta has decreased sharply, and the area of the degraded oyster reefs has decreased further. The high nitrogen and phosphorus content of seawater is the main factor leading to the continuous eutrophication of the delta sea area. From 2011 to 2021, the health status of the Yellow River Estuary ecosystem remained in a sub-healthy state. The monitoring results for the low salinity area revealed that the areas of the low salinity area in 2020 and May 2021 were about 1200 and 1650 km2, respectively. Based on the survey results, the ecological problems faced by the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta such as dynamic coastline changes, coastal wetland degradation, and invasion of S. alterniflora were investigated.