Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute hepatitis B virus through blood and sexual contact transmission in Beijing. Methods A population-based 1∶2 matched case-control study was used in our survey. Three hundred and one acute hepatitis B cases living in Beijing more than one year reported in National Notifiable Disease Reporting System from January 2013 to December 2014 were recruited as cases. Six hundred and two sex-, age- and resident-matched individuals were selected as controls. All cases and controls were interviewed by questionnaires. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square test between groups. Risk factors for acute hepatitis B virus through blood and sexual contact transmission were calculated by Logistic regression model. Results Univariate factor analysis showed that history of drug injection in hospital more than half a year (χ2=5.45, P=0.03), surgery (χ2=6.94, P=0.01), supragingival scaling (χ2=4.21, P=0.05), component blood donation (χ2=4.43, P=0.04), close household contact (χ2=8.19, P=0.01), pedicure (χ2=4.41, P=0.04), scraping (χ2=6.94, P=0.01) and cupping (χ2=8.94, P=0.00) were the risk factors for acute hepatitis B virus through blood and sexual contact transmission. Multivariate Logistic analysis enrolled risk factors with significance into equation and showed that history of drug injection in hospital more than half a year (OR=3.44, 95%CI: 1.31-9.01), surgery (OR=4.03, 95%CI: 1.44-11.30), close household contact (OR=3.17, 95%CI: 1.32-7.65) and cupping (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-3.40) were the risk factors for acute hepatitis B virus through blood and sexual contact transmission. Multivariate Logistic analysis enrolled all risk factors into equation and showed that history of surgery (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.45-26.84), traumatic medical cosmetology (OR=6.83, 95%CI: 1.06-44.16) were the risk factors for acute hepatitis B virus through blood and sexual contact transmission. Conclusion History of drug injection in hospital more than half a year, surgery, close household contact, cupping and traumatic medical cosmetology are the risk factors for acute hepatitis B virus through blood and sexual contact transmission in Beijing. Key words: Hepatitis B; Acute; Blood; Sexual behavior; Risk factors; Case-control studies