Rio De Janeiro City Research Articles

INTENSIVE CARE IN NON-CRITICAL UNITS: REPRESENTATIONS AND PRACTICES OF NOVICE GRADUATE NURSES

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the practices of novice graduated nurses in view of their social representations on intensive care to the critical patient provided in non-critical patient units. Method: a qualitative research, based on social representations, with 26 novice graduated nurses at a private university in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Data collection made between 2016 and 2017 by a semi-structured interview and lexical analysis by Alceste software. Results: the context of the Intensive Care Unit influences social representations, which mobilizes identity aspects of this environment that stereotype the ward as a disorganized place and that does not have material resources and trained professionals. Thus, when novice undergraduates act and despite the effort and dedication fail to transfer the patient, fear and lack of confidence are exacerbated, resulting in actions that can bring risks to the patient. Conclusion: there are stereotypes in relation to the clinic that limit the care actions of the novice undergraduates in relation to the critical patient, and should be re-signified in generalist education. It is recommended to develop follow-up programs for novice graduated nurses.

Exaustão emocional em enfermeiros residentes de unidades especializadas em hospital universitário

Residentes de enfermagem por serem jovens, recém-formados e inexperientes encontram-se vulneráveis ao burnout por não terem desenvolvidos mecanismos adaptativos frente aos estressores presentes na formação. Verificar a ocorrência de burnout em enfermeiros residentes de unidades especializadas e analisar as dimensões envolvidas. Métodos: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 78 enfermeiros residentes de unidades especializadas de um hospital universitário público situado no município do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Na coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento estruturado para o registro dos dados sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e condições de saúde. Na verificação da ocorrência de burnout na amostra o Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por residentes do sexo feminino, solteiros, faixa etária de 21 e 25 anos, recém-formados. Verificada a ocorrência de burnout em 03 residentes de acordo com os pontos de corte adotados. Sobre as dimensões, identificou-se altos escores para exaustão emocional (53,8%), médios em despersonalização (60,3%) e altos para realização profissional (75,6%). A ocorrência de burnout na amostra e os altos escores em exaustão emocional sinalizam para a necessidade de revisão das estratégias de ensino aprendizagem, a estrutura do curso e o suporte social e técnico do grupo.

Teen-dating violence: conception of adolescents in a Brazilian metropolis.

Teen-dating violence (TDV) can lead to health problems for those involved, especially females, including homicides and is predictive of intimate partner violence in adulthood. To analyze the adolescents' perception of definitions, justifications and consequences of TDV, a qualitative study through 13 focus groups with 132 high school students from public and private schools of Rio de Janeiro city, including 70 girls and 62 boys was conducted. We followed a guide with questions about interpersonal violence and participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic data. The data analysis included reading and comprehension of the textual data; coding of the reports according to the emerged categories; identification of the meanings attributed by the subjects to the questions raised; comparative dialogue with literature; and elaboration of interpretative synthesis. Most adolescents affirmed that TDV is not justifiable. However, in practice, they found it acceptable in certain situations. The narratives of the boys were based on the role of the perpetrator and the girls on that of the victim. Violence occurs when the man feels his power challenged and is influenced by situations of violence experienced in his own family as victims or witnesses. The TDV consequences are for the women and include, in addition to physical and psychological damage, relational problems in other spheres such as family, friends and school. The experience of violence was more common among public school students. The adolescents' narratives reflect the gender patterns of society in which violence results from inequality of power. The data of this study offer subsidies to policies on TDV prevention and its consequences. They can contribute to training primary care professionals to identify on clinical consultations signs and symptoms of violence and to develop interventions to reduce the health problems of victims.

MASS APPRAISAL OF APARTMENT THROUGH GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION

Housing Market appraisal studies generally apply classic regression models, whose parameters are globally estimated. However, the use of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, allows the parameters to be locally estimated, increasing its precision. The aim of this article is to apply the GWR model to a sample of 82 apartments, in order to create a plan of values of some districts of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. With the proposed methodology, GWR and kernel estimator, it is possible to generate a surface of values. The performance of the surface of values was assessed with (i) cross-validation between the kernel functions, with the Root-Mean Square Standardized (RMSS) error; and with (ii) the GWR adjustment factors to determine the ideal bandwidth. The contribution of generating a surface of values with geographical location via kernel estimator lies on supporting apartment pricing, such as in calculating the venal value of apartments of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, besides being applied in IPTU- Imposto sobre Propriedade Predial e Territorial (The Urban Real Estate Property Tax) and ITBI - Imposto de Transmissão de Bens Imóveis (Tax on the Transfer of Real Estate) and ITBI collection.

Assessing the efficacy of two new formulations of larvicide pyriproxyfen for the control of Aedes aegypti using dissemination stations in two sites of Rio de Janeiro city.

BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is the primary transmitter of several arbovirus with great impact in human health. Controlling vector mosquitoes is an essential and complex task. One promising control method is to use mosquitoes as a vehicle to disseminate tiny particles of juvenile-killing insecticides, such as pyriproxyfen (PPF), to breeding sites. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the capacity of Ae. aegypti to disseminate two new formulations of PPF in two sites of Rio de Janeiro city for assessment of the efficacy of these products. METHODS Dissemination stations impregnated with powder and liquid new formulations of PPF were installed in two test sites. Ovitraps were used in the test sites and in a control site for monitoring the presence of Ae. aegypti throughout eggs collection. FINDINGS Entomological indices indicated that the new formulations of PPF were efficient in reducing eggs abundance. Liquid formulation performed better than powder formulation. Ready-to-use formulations of PPF can be quickly applied in the field and can be replaced after a few months.MAIN CONCLUSIONS New formulations of PPF associated with mosquito dissemination approach make a valuable vector control strategy, managing to cover places of difficult access for whatever reason. New formulations application requires less labour, being economically attractive.

A relevância da formação continuada de professores no cotidiano do programa de educação de jovens e adultos

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir a importância da formação continuada de professores, por meio da narrativa da rotina de trabalho de profissionais que atuam no Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos - PEJA - da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se de observação direta e acompanhamento dos encontros semanais para fins de formação continuada, juntamente à aplicação de questionário aos docentes envolvidos. O presente relato evidencia a importância dos encontros semanais que são comuns à rotina destes professores, enquanto forma de enriquecer os planejamentos, obter novos aprendizados e reforçar as ‘conversas’ entre as disciplinas, corroborando para a integração dos diferentes saberes. A experiência narrada reforça a concepção de que esses encontros semanais possibilitam o diálogo entre as disciplinas e a construção coletiva de aulas contextualizadas, sendo este um dos diferenciais obtidos por meio da formação continuada destes professores.

A novel Betacoronavirus characterised in collared peccaries from the Rio de Janeiro Zoo (Brazil) killed by unknown disease.

In an enclosure with nine collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) from the Rio de Janeiro city Zoo, Brazil, one specimen was found dead and two others developed prostration, apathy and dehydration, resulting on its death. Necropsy of two animals pointed to pulmonary and renal damage. Histological examination revealed vasculitis in spleen from both P. tajacu, suggesting a systemic viral infection. Lungs from one specimen showed fibrinoid vasculitis, alveolar damage with hyaline membrane, and interstitial lymphocytes infiltration. Virome analysis in anal wash samples from the latter two animals revealed a new type of Betacoronavirus, lineage A, provisionally named Ptajacu-CoV.

Extract of Solidago chilensis Meyen inflorescences: cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity on nitric oxide synthesis in activated macrophage cell line J774A.1

Solidago chilensis Meyen (= Solidago microglossa) popularly known as “Brazilian arnica” is used to treat of inflammatory disorders. S. chilensis is constant in the Therapeutic Memento of the Rio de Janeiro city and belongs to the medicinal species of Brazilian National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest of the Unified National Health System (SUS). There are no studies in the literature showing the direct activity of this plant species on immune system cells. The present study evaluated the chemical composition as well as the cytotoxic and pharmacological activity of the ether-ethanol extract from S. chilensis inflorescences (SCIE) in murine macrophage cell line J774A.1. The results showed that higher concentrations (50 to 200 µg/mL) of SCIE had significant cytotoxicity on J774A.1 cells, however, lower concentrations (from 10 to 0.1 µg/mL) did not produce significant cytotoxic effects and exhibited an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated J774A.1 cell line. The chemical analysis by HPLC-UV-PDA indicated that the SCIE contains flavonoid derived from quercetin and kaempferol; and diterpenes, probably labdanes. These findings complement data in the literature regarding the activity of this plant species on an important cell from the immune system involved in the innate and acquired immune response, the macrophages.

Cálculo de eficiência na alocação de mão de obra em estações ferroviárias da malha do Rio de Janeiro por meio da análise envoltória de dados (DEA)

O presente objeto de estudo analisa a eficiência em relação a utilização da mão de obra e passageiros atendidos nas estações ferroviárias do principal ramal ferroviário da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo é de viabilizar uma análise de melhores práticas nas estações, possibilitando uma melhor alocação de mão de obra. Para tanto, foi utilizado o DEA como ferramenta de elaboração dos cálculos, por meio do modelo CCR com orientação a inputs e análise da fronteira invertida. Os dados iniciais adotados correspondem ao total de funcionários (input) estimados por meio de observações, e as quantidades de passageiros por estação (output) que correspondem à média de dias úteis entre maio de 2016 até maio de 2017 multiplicados por um fator de correção. A seleção de outras variáveis, por vez, foi realizada utilizando o método de Multicritério para Seleção de Variáveis. Além disso, uma ampla revisão de literatura foi pesquisada como referências aos conceitos e premissas aqui adotados. O resultado apresentou a estação de São Cristóvão como eficiente a ponto de ser considerada benchmark. Dessa forma, as práticas e critérios adotados na utilização de mão de obra na estação de São Cristóvão devem ser, quando operacionalmente possível, replicados e/ou adaptados às demais estações.

Howler monkeys are the reservoir of malarial parasites causing zoonotic infections in the Atlantic forest of Rio de Janeiro.

BackgroundAlthough malaria cases have substantially decreased in Southeast Brazil, a significant increase in the number of Plasmodium vivax-like autochthonous human cases has been reported in remote areas of the Atlantic Forest in the past few decades in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state, including an outbreak during 2015–2016. The singular clinical and epidemiological aspects in several human cases, and collectively with molecular and genetic data, revealed that they were due to the non-human primate (NHP) parasite Plasmodium simium; however, the understanding of the autochthonous malarial epidemiology in Southeast Brazil can only be acquired by assessing the circulation of NHP Plasmodium in the foci and determining its hosts.MethodologyA large sampling effort was carried out in the Atlantic forest of RJ and its bordering states (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo) for collecting and examining free-living NHPs. Blood and/or viscera were analyzed for Plasmodium infections via molecular and microscopic techniques.Principal findingsIn total, 146 NHPs of six species, from 30 counties in four states, were tested, of which majority were collected from RJ. Howler monkeys (Alouatta clamitans) were the only species found infected. In RJ, 26% of these monkeys tested positive, of which 17% were found to be infected with P. simium. Importantly, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms–the only available genetic markers that differentiate P. simium from P. vivax–were detected in all P. simium infected A. clamitans despite their geographical origin of malarial foci. Interestingly, 71% of P. simium infected NHPs were from the coastal slope of a mountain chain (Serra do Mar), where majority of the human cases were found. Plasmodium brasilianum/malariae was initially detected in 14% and 25% free-living howler monkeys in RJ and in the Espírito Santo (ES) state, respectively. Moreover, the malarial pigment was detected in the spleen fragments of 50% of a subsample comprising dead howler monkeys in both RJ and ES. All NHPs were negative for Plasmodium falciparum.Conclusions/SignificanceOur data indicate that howler monkeys act as the main reservoir for the Atlantic forest human malarial parasites in RJ and other sites in Southeast Brazil and reinforce its zoonotic characteristics.

Supervised training in primary care units but not self-directed physical activity lowered cardiovascular risk in Brazilian low-income patients: a controlled trial

BackgroundPublic health strategies to increase physical activity in low-income communities may reduce cardiovascular risk in these populations. This controlled trial compared the cardiovascular risk estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) over 12 months in formally active (FA), declared active (DA), and physically inactive (PI) patients attended by the ‘Family Health Strategy’ in low-income communities at Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil (known as ‘favelas’).MethodsPatients were matched for age and assigned into three groups: a) FA (supervised training, n = 53; 60.5 ± 7.7 yrs); b) DA (self-reported, n = 43; 57.0 ± 11.2 yrs); c) PI (n = 48; 57.0 ± 10.7 yrs). FA performed twice a week a 50-min exercise circuit including strength and aerobic exercises, complemented with 30-min brisk walking on the third day, whereas DA declared to perform self-directed physical activity twice a week. Comparisons were adjusted by sex, chronological age, body mass index, and use of anti-hypertensive/statin medications.ResultsAt baseline, groups were similar in regards to body mass, body mass index, triglycerides, and LDL-C, as well to FRS and most of its components (age, blood pressure, hypertension prevalence, smoking, HDL-C, and total cholesterol; P > 0.05). However, diabetes prevalence was 10–15% lower in DA vs. FA and PI (P < 0.05). Intention-to-treat analysis showed significant reductions after intervention (P < 0.05) in FA for total cholesterol (~ 10%), LDL-C (~ 15%), triglycerides (~ 10%), systolic blood pressure (~ 8%), and diastolic blood pressure (~ 9%). In DA, only LDL-C decreased (~ 10%, P < 0.05). Significant increases were found in PI (P < 0.05) for total cholesterol (~ 15%), LDL-C (~ 12%), triglycerides (~ 15%), and systolic blood pressure (~ 5%). FRS lowered 35% in FA (intention-to-treat, P < 0.05), remained stable in DA (P > 0.05), and increased by 20% in PI (P < 0.05).ConclusionsA supervised multi-modal exercise training developed at primary care health units reduced the cardiovascular risk in adults living in very low-income communities. The risk remained stable in patients practicing self-directed physical activity and increased among individuals who remained physically inactive. These promising results should be considered within public health strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease in communities with limited resources.Trial registrationTCTR20181221002 (retrospectively registered). Registered December 21, 2018.

Primary Solid Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma in a dog

Background: In veterinary medicine, although primary lung tumors are rare compared to metastatic malignant neoplasms, an increase in the number of primary lung tumors in dogs has been reported in the past decades. Consequently, identifying epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of these neoplasms is essential for early and precise diagnosis. This paper aimed to report a case of a non-metastatic primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog and review the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of this neoplasm.Case: An 8-year-old female Cocker Spaniel was admitted to the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with a history of progressive weight loss and clinical dyspnea. Physical examination revealed the following: body temperature, 38.7ºC; capillary refill time, one second; heart rate, 104 beats/min; respiratory rate, 40 breaths/min; pallor mucosa; blood glucose, 133 mg/dL; and body score, 2 (1-9). A thoracic radiograph revealed a diffuse radiopaque pattern of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleural effusion, and a large mass that extended through both hemithoraces. An ultrasound-guided cytological examination was performed and displayed moderate cellularity in a bloody background. Cells presented distinct cell borders, large bluish cytoplasm, round hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei, and evident nucleoli. Three months after the first clinical consultation, the dog’s state kept deteriorating and the owner opted for the euthanasia. Autopsy of the lungs showed multiple, poorly defined, coalescent nodules with an average size of 20.0×15.0×10.0 cm. The nodules occupied roughly 70% of the pulmonary parenchyma, including right and left cranial lobes, medium lobe, and a large portion of the caudal lobe. The cross-sections of the tumors were multinodular, soft, and white. Cystic areas filled with bloody exudates were also found within the tumor. Representative tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin, processed routinely, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Fragments from the lung tumor were submitted for immunohistochemistry evaluation with primary antibodies anti-CK pan, anti-CK7, anti-CK20, anti-vimentin, TTF-1, CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin. Microscopic examination of the tumor revealed a dense and solid monomorphic epithelial neoplastic proliferation supported by a thin and scant fibrovascular stroma. Cells presented distinct cell borders, a slightly granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic, round, and vesicular nuclei, evident nucleoli, and numerous mitoses. Necrotic areas were also observed scattered in the tumor. Immunohistochemically the cells expressed CK pan and CK7 but failed to express immunoreactivity to vimentin, CK20, TTF-1, CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin. The morphological and immunohistochemical features were consistent with a primary lung tumor, and hence, classified as a solid adenocarcinoma.Discussion: The solid pattern of primary lung adenocarcinomas is uncommon in domestic animals. Assessment of morphological features and immunohistochemical evaluation are essential for the definitive diagnosis of primary pulmonary neoplasms. Due to the increased number of primary pulmonary tumors reported in dogs in the last few decades, primary pulmonary neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary masses, especially when there is no evidence of tumors elsewhere in the body.

Geospatial analysis of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil from 2000 to 2015: Species typing and flow of travelers and migrants with leishmaniasis.

BackgroundWe identified the species of Leishmania isolated from traveling and migrant patients attended in a reference center from 2000 to 2015, we performed the georeferencing of these species in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state and we had knowledge about the human flows between the likely location of infection (LLI) and place of residence (PR) in RJ state, Brazil.Methodology/Principal findingsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study including 171 patients diagnosed with ATL. Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, and Bing Maps were tools used to georeference LLI and PR. For etiological identification, we used isoenzyme electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (molecular target hsp70C with restriction enzymes HaeIII and BstUI), and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. ARCGIS software was used to create maps of the geographic distribution of Leishmania species in the state and municipality of RJ, together with flows between the LLI and PR. Isolates from 104 patients were identified as: L. (Viannia) braziliensis (80.8%), L. (V.) naiffi (7.7%), L. (V.) guyanensis (6.7%), L. (Leishmania) amazonensis (1%), and genetic variants of L. (V.) braziliensis (3.8%). The flow maps showed that the LLI included 4 countries, 19 Brazilian states, and 18 municipalities of RJ state. The Brazilian states with the highest density of cases were Amazonas (n = 32), Bahia (n = 18), and Ceará (n = 15).Conclusions/SignificanceThis work is the first contribution to the knowledge of the routes of Leishmania species introduced in RJ state by migrants and travelers patients. L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) naiffi, L. (L.) amazonensis, and genetic variants of L. (V.) braziliensis were identified in RJ state. To determine whether the autochthonous transmission of these imported species is possible it is necessary the adaptation of these species to environmental conditions as well as the presence of reservoirs and phlebotomine vectors in this region.

How do urban mobility (geo)graph\u2019s topological properties fill a map?

Urban mobility data are important to areas ranging from traffic engineering to the analysis of outbreaks and disasters. In this paper, we study mobility data from a major Brazilian city from a geographical viewpoint using a Complex Network approach. The case study is based on intra-urban mobility data from the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), presenting more than 480 spatial network nodes. While for the mobility flow data a log-normal distribution outperformed the power law, we also found moderate evidence for scale-free and small word effects in the flow network’s degree distribution. We employ a novel open-source GIS tool to display (geo)graph’s topological properties in maps and observe a strong traffic-topology association and also a fine adjustment for hubs location for different flow threshold networks. In the central commercial area for lower thresholds and in high population residential areas for higher thresholds. This set of results, including statistical, topological and geographical analysis may represent an important tool for policymakers and stakeholders in the urban planning area, especially by the identification of zones with few but strong links in a real data-driven mobility network.

Space-time dynamics of a triple epidemic: dengue, chikungunya and Zika clusters in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Dengue, an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, has been endemic in Brazil for decades. However, vector-control strategies have not led to a significant reduction in the disease burden and have not been sufficient to prevent chikungunya and Zika entry and establishment in the country. In Rio de Janeiro city, the first Zika and chikungunya epidemics were detected between 2015 and 2016, coinciding with a dengue epidemic. Understanding the behaviour of these diseases in a triple epidemic scenario is a necessary step for devising better interventions for prevention and outbreak response. We applied scan statistics analysis to detect spatio-temporal clustering for each disease separately and for all three simultaneously. In general, clusters were not detected in the same locations and time periods, possibly owing to competition between viruses for host resources, depletion of susceptible population, different introduction times and change in behaviour of the human population (e.g. intensified vector-control activities in response to increasing cases of a particular arbovirus). Simultaneous clusters of the three diseases usually included neighbourhoods with high population density and low socioeconomic status, particularly in the North region of the city. The use of space–time cluster detection can guide intensive interventions to high-risk locations in a timely manner, to improve clinical diagnosis and management, and pinpoint vector-control measures.

Urban social vulnerability and climate change in Rio de Janeiro city associated with population mobility

ABSTRACTThis article intends to verify how climate change vulnerability and population mobility are related and how they are spatially distributed in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro is among the Brazilian metropoles covering the largest urban agglomerations and containing the most vulnerable areas to the effects of climate change. In addition, the city also has one of the worst indicators for daily intra-urban travel in Brazil. Mobility and vulnerability are related through processes inherent to the formation of the occupation of urban space, such as property speculation, the evolution of the means of transport, and access to urban functions. Using Factorial Analysis and geoprocessing techniques, a Climate Change Vulnerability Index was created and spatialized with socio-economic, environmental, infrastructure, and transport dimensions. It was found that the historical processes which induced socio-spatial segregation are still reflected in the present day, through levels of population vulnerability. Among the research results is the need for the integration of urban policies and adaptive measures, principally in relation to housing and transport policies, which, in addition to be advantageous, are shown to be extremely important to increase the local adaptation capacity of the urban population to climate change.

Contribution of Xpert MTB/RIF to clinical diagnosis in adolescents with tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

SETTING: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, a high tuberculosis (TB) burden city.OBJECTIVE: To compare the sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, care process indicators (CPIs) and treatment outcomes among adolescents with pulmonary TB (PTB) and those with PTB + extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), who underwent testing with Xpert® and sputum culture.DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of data from three national databases from 2014 to 2016 of adolescents (aged 10-18 years) residing and notified in Rio de Janeiro City. Three groups were identified according to their Xpert and culture results: Group 1, Xpert- and culture-positive; Group 2, Xpert-positive and culture-negative; and Group 3, Xpert- and culture-negative. Study CPIs were as follows: the time between 'sample collection and Xpert result release', 'sample collection and treatment initiation' and 'notification and treatment outcome'.RESULTS: Of 258 adolescents included in the study, 223 (86.4%) were in Group 1, 20 (7.8%) in Group 2 and 15 (5.8%) in Group 3. Groups 1 and 2 had a similar profile. Compared to Group 1, Group 3 had a higher proportion of HIV-positive cases (21.4% vs. 3.0%, P = 0.016), adolescents with a hospital diagnosis (53.3% vs. 7.6%, P < 0.001), and PTB + EPTB cases (20% vs. 0.4%; P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in CPIs or treatment outcomes.CONCLUSION: The clinical diagnosis was decisive in more critical or complex patients, despite Xpert-negative results.

Bacteria isolated from the lower respiratory tract of sheep and their relationship to clinical signs of sheep respiratory disease

ABSTRACT: Respiratory diseases are among the most important diseases in sheep flocks. Herein was studied the bacterial etiology of respiratory disease and the clinical signs of 99 female and male sheep breed in the states of São Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. After physical examination of animals, tracheobronchial flushing samples were obtained. The usual bacteria and Mycoplasma spp. were searched, as well as their association with the clinical status and clinical signs of sheep with respiratory disease. The main observed signs were: tachypnea (75%), increase of rectal temperature (09.4%), mucopurulent/purulent nasal discharge (21.9%), cough (25%), dyspnea (31.2%), changes of lung sounds at auscultation (87.5%) and chest percussion (28.1%) in pneumonic sheep. Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria and Bacillus sp. were the most isolated bacteria. Microorganisms of the Mollicutes class were molecularly (PCR) detected in 33.3% of the animals. In addition, the specific detection of M. mycoides subsp. capri was described for the first time in sheep from the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Prenatal exposure to lead in an urban area

PDS 62: Chemicals and metals: exposure and biomarkers, Johan Friso Foyer, Floor 1, August 28, 2019, 10:30 AM - 12:00 PM Background/Aim: To evaluate environmental prenatal exposures in urban areas and to test viability for a Rio Birth Cohort Study of Environmental Exposure and Childhood Development (PIPA Project), a pilot study was conducted from October 2017 to August 2018. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prenatal exposure to lead in an urban area of Municipality of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, correlate lead levels in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood and analyze the association between umbilical cord blood level and birth outcomes (prematurity, birth weight, birth length and head circumference). Methods: Biological samples of 117 mother-child pairs, born in School Maternity of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, from October / 2017 to February / 2018 were analyzed. Maternal blood samples were collected in the third trimester of gestation and umbilical cord blood at delivery. Lead concentrations in blood were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For the data analysis Pearson correlation and Fisher tests were applied (p<0,05) Results:32% of the pregnant women and 24% of the newborns had lead blood levels above 5 μg/dL, reference level established by theUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2012. The geometric mean of blood lead levels in the maternal blood and umbilical cord blood were respectively 3.74 μg/dL and 3.85 μg/dL, the Spearman”s correlation was ρ=0.67 p <0.001. According to Fisher’s test there was no association between blood lead levels in umbilical cord blood and the birth outcomes investigated. Conclusion: These findings contribute to the increase of knowledge regarding exposure to lead in an urban area. More researches, public health interventions, surveillance program are needed in order to provide estimates of blood lead levels, to identify sources of exposure and reduce lead, in Municipality of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil.

A pesquisa quanti-ação como ferramenta para o ensino de estatística na Educação Básica

A inclusão de uma Unidade temática denominada Estatística e Probabilidade no BNCC do Ensino Fundamental exige reflexões e experimentos a respeito de como abordar os conteúdos e habilidades propostos. Neste artigo serão apresentados os resultados de uma pesquisa quanti-ação realizada em uma Escola Municipal da rede pública da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Todas as etapas da pesquisa foram desenvolvidas pelos estudantes do sétimo ano, que participaram ativamente da escolha do tema, coleta e análise dos dados, finalizando com a apresentação dos resultados. Nesta pesquisa foram coletados dados sobre consumo de álcool em 532 estudantes do ensino fundamental matriculados na escola. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma proposta para desenvolver habilidades estatísticas por meio de desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram como é viável e transformador, para estudantes e professores, desenvolverem em conjunto uma pesquisa com tema de interesse dos alunos que passe por todas as etapas de um ciclo investigativo.